Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
52,232 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to demonstrate that capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy is non-inferior to capecitabine conventional chemotherapy as maintenance treatment, in patients who have responded to 16-18 weeks first-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). METHODS The study design is a prospective, randomized, open label, phase II clinical trial. Those patients with mCRC who respond well
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The main source of information about breastfeeding was own reading or experience. Most respondents (64%) felt that their practice would benefit from additional training. The most frequently reported barriersto providing breastfeeding-related care were “I lack the skill”, “I lack the confidence”, and “I lack the knowledge to provide assistance with breastfeeding”.
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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of endogenous non-coding RNAs that play an important role in growth and development by regulating gene expression and participating in a variety of biological processes. However, the role of circRNAs in porcine follicles remains unclear. Therefore, this study examined middle-sized ovarian follicles obtained from Meishan and Duroc sows at day 4 of the follicular phase
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Extracellular environment conditions, ionic concentration, pH, osmolality, and temperature influence sperm activation and sperm quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different activating solutions on sperm quality and fertilization rate of fresh and post-thaw sperm in Brycon orbignyanus and Prochilodus vimboides. Activation solutions with ions NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 (150 mOsm kg-1), without
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Developing monolithic carbon-based catalyst with low cost, easy separation and high performance to degrade pollutants via PMS activation is crucial. In this work, a series of novel monolithic Me-CA catalysts based on biomass derived carbon aerogel were prepared by hydrothermal method using waste watermelon peel as raw material. Co-CA catalyst showed excellent performance to activate PMS for 2, 4-DCP degradation in diffe
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The literature has suggested ways in which measures such as personality and grit may be used in the application process and how these factors may contribute to predictors of success. However, additional research is needed to measure and define personality and grit during the application evaluation process.
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The rs74693964 C/T variant located 65 bp downstream of miR-145 genomic regions was observed to be associated with susceptibility to CRC (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.414, 95% CI 1.385-4.206). Cumulative effects of miR-143 and miR-145 on CRC risk were observed (Ptrend=0.03). Patients having CRC carrying variant genotype TT of KRAS rs712 had poorer survival (log-rank P=0.044, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 4.328, 95% C
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Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign liver tumors with the potential of malignant transformation and risk of bleeding. We investigated the clinicopathological features and outcomes of HCA in 19 patients who underwent surgical resection.
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For any given bacteriophage genome or phage-derived sequences in metagenomic data sets, we are unable to assign a function to 50-90% of genes, or more. Structural protein-encoding genes constitute a large fraction of the average phage genome and are among the most divergent and difficult-to-identify genes using homology-based methods. To understand the functions encoded by phages, their contributions to their enviro
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Breast cancer is a common cancer that occurs due to different epigenetic alterations and genetic mutations. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse correlation between breast cancer incidence and flavonoid intake. The anti-cancer action of flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants, as secondary metabolites has been a major topic of research for many y
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Based on a recently published in silico analysis of more than 1600 family GH57 sequences, 13 GBE-like and 18 4AGT-like proteins from unique sources were collected and analyzed in a detail with respect to their taxonomical origin, sequence and structural features as well as evolutionary relationships. This in silico study could accelerate the efforts leading to experimental revealing the real function of the enzymes-like prot
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Interventions were more successful when materials were delivered via in-person counseling and when study participants were in the precontemplation or contemplation phases at baseline.
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These SNPs were close to three genes, including ZCCHC7, PAX5, and MELK. These results open new horizons for studies on BS and should promote the use of Chinese chickens, especially Wenshang Barred chickens.Carbon nanotubes have recently been rated as an effective biomaterial owing to their functionalization ability. However, the safety of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has yet to be clearly understood. To
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Background – Current expert consensus recommends remote monitoring (RM) for cardiac implantable electronic devices, with at least annual in-office follow-up. We studied safety and resource consumption of exclusive remote follow-up (RFU) in pacemaker patients for two years. Methods – In Japan, consecutive pacemaker patients committed to RM were randomized to either RFU or conventional in-office follow-up (CFU) at twice-ye
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There are few comparative outcomes data regarding the therapeutic delivery of proton beam therapy (PBT) versus the more widely used photon-based external-beam radiation (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BT). We evaluated the impact of PBT on overall survival (OS) compared to EBRT or BT on patients with localized prostate cancer.
The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) was queried for
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Biliary anastomotic stricture (BAS) is an uncommon complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). As PDs are perform
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Patients who met all three-KDIGO, pRIFLE and pROCK criteria had a high mortality rate (35.0%).
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Of the 333 patients who underwent resection of IPMNs, 198 (59.5%) had benign and 135 (40.5%) had malignant IPMNs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that cyst size, cyst location, cyst wall enhancement, multicystic lesion, diameter of main pancreatic duct, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen were significantly associated with malignancy. The no
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To assess whether children with symptomatic congenital heart defects (CHDs) at birth (cyanosis and/or heart failure) are at greater risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 8years of age.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most common malignancies with high morbidity worldwide. RNA methylation (m6A) has been considered to tremendously contribute to cancer initiation and progression since its first discovery. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed associations between mRNA expressions of m6A regulators and CRC tumor samples’ epidemiologic information from the Cancer Genome Atlas (T
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Paradoxically, overweight and obesity are associated with lower odds of complications and death after hip fracture surgery. Our objective was to determine whether this “obesity paradox” extends to patients with “super-obesity.” In this study, we compared rates of complications and death among super-obese patients with those of patients in other body mass index (BMI) categories.
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在電流中 全球經濟環境，債務問題 已經變成了 專業 挑戰 對於大多數 企業 甚至 國家。隨著經濟增長和市場變化的放緩，許多實體面臨 風險 破裂 主要城市 鏈。在這種情況下，債務重組和 信用卡債務減免 正在變成 重要的 解決方案。這篇文章將深入探索 定義，特徵，實施過程 和它自己的 效果 企業 和個人。
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