Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
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隨著新冠大流行結束，經濟放緩出現，部分原因是三年來的封鎖扼殺了經濟活動。
長者旅遊保險比�?新樓及二手樓收樓注意事項+驗樓清單 家居裝修保險需�?新手租樓注意事項
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會。若欠債人沒有如實申報所持有物業或其他資產，便有機會令債務重組的申請失敗，而且根據香港法例，在申請債務重組時，須委任代名人向其債權人提出償還債務建議，如果所委任的代名人沒有專業資格，亦有機會申請失敗。
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隨著新冠大流行結束，經濟放緩出現，部分原因是三年來的封鎖扼殺了經濟活動。
然後代名人會向法庭提交報告，詳細交代欠債人的資產及負債狀況，並召開債權人會議，與債主商討及重新制定新的還款方案
申請債務重組失敗後可以選擇申請結餘轉戶，以低息的貸款償還原有較高息的債務。
落實 及方案，欠債人按時向代名人供款，而代名人則按分配比例發放給其債權人，債務人每月向代名人還款，再由代名人安排還款予債權人。
斯拉滕表示，共產黨試圖通過「塑造人們可以獲得的信息或什麼可被視為負面的信息」來控制言論。
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