Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
57,924 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Estos signos de COVID-19 se asocian con diferentes grados de gravedad de la enfermedad las lesiones que parecen sabañones aparecen en las formas menos graves y la livedo o necrosis en los más graves. Los autores han señalado que algunas de las manifestaciones de la COVID-19 en la piel pueden aparecer de forma frecuente por otras causas, especialmente las ronchas y las erupciones. Por eso es posible que no sean muy út
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42)-(-0.76); p-values<0.001). All methods significantly distinguished CI from CP MS patients, except manual outlines of the left thalamus (p=0.23). Poorer global neuropsychological test performance was significantly associated with smaller thalamus volumes bilaterally using all methods. Vendor significantly affected the findings.
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Chagas cardiomyopathy is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc). We identified two candidate antigens (TcG2 and TcG4) that elicit antibodies and T cell responses in naturally infected diverse hosts. In this study, we cloned TcG2 and TcG4 in a nanovector and evaluated whether nano-immunotherapy (referred as nano2/4) offers resistance to chronic Chagas disease. For this, C57BL/6 mice were infected with Tc and giv
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The controllable B-H bond activation of carboranes has long been a compelling challenge. However, as the symmetry of para-carborane places the same charge on all of its ten boron atoms, controlling the regiochemistry of B-H bond activation in these molecules has remained out of reach ever since their discovery. Herein, we describe how to use steric effects to achieve a regioselective process for B-H activation of pa
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Previously published simulations, which include only OH radicals as ROS, do not match the experimental results in full, suggesting the contribution of other short-lived species, i.e., atomic oxygen, singlet oxygen, and peroxynitrite. The observed PTMs are relevant for the biological activity of peptides and proteins, changing polarity, folding, and function. In conclusion, it can be assumed that an introduction of covalent
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INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the association between T-wave morphology and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with complete left bundle branch block (cLBBB), and the predictive value of T-wave morphology for response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 189 patients with cLBBB on electrocardiogram performed between January 2007 and Dece
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Existing reviews of trauma and psychosis have identified associations between childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and psychosis. However, conceptual issues relating to assessment of CEA limit the conclusions that can be drawn from the literature. The aim of this review was to identify and evaluate studies reporting an association between childhood experiences of caregiver antipathy (i.e. criticism, hostility, coldness, o
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