Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
81,722 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Interactions between pain and re-experiencing as well as pain and avoidance were revealed. Results for men mirrored the full sample, while an interaction between pain and negative cognitions and mood was associated with AUD in women.
Results highlight associations between AUD, PTSD symptoms, and pain among veterans. While the relationship between pain and AUD appeared str
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An understanding of the properties of the ZG16 CXXC motif and the discovery of internal conformational switches extend existing knowledge relating to the glycan-binding activity of the protein.
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The analysis of 16S rDNA sequences reiterated the earlier findings that visual inspection of electropherogram for p
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Additionally, we found that both extracellular indole production and tnaA expression of SM10λπ were downregulated by ciprofloxacin (CIP). Intriguingly, one-eighth minimum inhibitory concentration of CIP treatment clearly facilitated both SM10λπ-PAO1 and SM10λπ-EC600 conjugation, and indole inhibited CIP-induced conjugation frequency. These data suggest that indole may play a negative role in the process of CIP-induce
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Violent traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause brain dysfunction and injury. Accidental and nonaccidental trauma are still the leading cause of childhood death worldwide. It is assumed that about 20% of TBI in children under 2 years of age are nonaccidentally caused. In all cases, nonaccidental TBI is caused by the violent impact on the brain and spinal cord by the massive shaking of the child held by the upper arms or body. This can l
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Ordinal regression was used to determine the association between the degrees of stress and ultra-processed food consumption levels.
Factors such as a young age, being unmarried, smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, negative health perception, and high perceived stress level indicated higher rates of ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression analysis showed that high
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We quantify the feeding flow and observe such recirculation experimentally for the suspension feeder Vorticella convallaria in external flows typical of streams and rivers.Pigments from microorganisms have triggered great interest in the market, mostly by their “natural” appeal, their favorable production conditions, in addition to the potential new chemical structures or naturally overproducing strains. They have bee
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86-58.2]; p = 0.0004) and more frequently severe SLE. Two out of four CLE exhibiting KLIP lesions (50%) developed severe SLE with cardiac or renal involvement after 12 and 24 months, respectively.Treatment with thalidomide 100 mg/day allowed rapid and complete clearance of cutaneous lesions in 6/6 KLIP patients. The need to use thalidomide tended to be more frequent in KLIP patients than in controls.
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在今天 全球經濟環境，債務問題 正在變成 重要的 挑戰 所有人 企業 也 國家。隨著經濟增長和市場變化的放緩，許多實體面臨 可能的可能性 破裂 首都 鏈。在這種情況下，債務重組和 債務和解 正在變成 必不可少的 解決方案。這篇文章將深入探索 定義，特徵，實施過程 以及它 效果 企業 和個人。
第一的， 我們將 定義 到底是什麼 債務重組。DEBT重組 指 協定 到達債權人和借款人之間 一旦 借款人無法償還 債務 在 時間和精力 調整 第一個 債務條款，包括延長還款期，減少 興趣水平，或直接免除部分債務。 不僅可以 幫助企業結束 財務困難，，，， 但是也 有效地 減少 損失 債權人。
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Visual working memory was associated with recognition of all basic emotions.Conclusions Our findings challenge the view that neuropsychological impairments in youth with ODD/CD are driven by comorbid ADHD and suggest possible distinct neurocognitive mechanisms in CD versus ODD.Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective yet under-utilised method for preventing HIV transmission in high-risk groups. Despite ongoing socia
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Maternal morbidity and mortality continue to rise in the United States, with cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of maternal deaths. Congenital heart disease is now the most common cardiovascular condition encountered during pregnancy, and its prevalence will continue to grow. In tandem with these trends, maternal cardiovascular health is becoming increasingly complex. The identification of women at highest risk for cardio
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Background Benzodiazepines (BZD) are common medications for sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic that are especially prevalent in older adults. Previous studies have shown that BZD use could impair users’ cognition, significantly affecting their quality of life. Past research has shown that higher education might play a protective role in the process of cognitive decline. Very few studies had examined the
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The combined effect of total ionization dose (TID) and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) of partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (PDSOI) NMOSFET is investigated. First, the effect of TDDB on the parameter degradation of the devices was investigated by accelerated stress tests. It is found that TDDB stress leads to a decrease in off-state current, a positive drift in threshold voltage, and a reduction of max
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Sports hold a significant place in typically the lives of individuals. Cricket is actually a make a difference of life in addition to death for many nations. Football is a religious practice and baseball can decide the fortune of people. Similar is the situation system other games. Some people are usually die heart followers of cricket, other are obsessed using football. Sports and even its accessories enjoy a significant function in increasing capabil
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Mobile health (mHealth) tools to address the HIV epidemic have proliferated in recent years. Yet when applied to the United States (US) epidemic, which is driven by new HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM), it is not clear how mHealth tools fit in the overall portfolio of biobehavioral prevention interventions and clinical services proven to be efficacious. Adolescent and young adult MSM are particularly
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Peptidases are emerging as promising drug targets in tumour suppression. Neprilysin, also known as neutral endopeptidase, is a cell surface peptidase that degrades various peptides such as angiotensin II, endothelin I, Substance P, etc., and reduces their local concentration. Neprilysin is expressed in various tissues such as kidney, prostate, lung, breast, brain, intestine, adrenal gland, etc. The tumo
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Artificial calcium influx by an ionophore did not induce major changes in the accumulation of astaxanthin, nor in the transcript levels, but amplified the response of crtR-b to nsPEFs at 25 ns, while decreased in 50 ns treatment. When Ca2+ influx was inhibited by GdCl3, the transcript of psy and bkt 1 were decreased for both 25 ns and 50 ns treatments, while crtR-b exhibited an obvious increase for the 25 ns tre
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Tissue damage triggers a rapid innate immune response that mediates host defense. Previously we reported that thermal damage of the larval zebrafish fin disrupts collagen organization and induces a robust and potentially damaging innate immune response. The mechanisms that drive damaging versus protective neutrophil inflammation in interstitial tissues remain unclear. Here we identify distinct cues in the tissue microen
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Overall, we established endothelial KLF11 as a potentially novel factor protecting against AAA and a potential target for intervention in aortic aneurysms.Preterm birth increases the risk for pulmonary hypertension and heart failure in adulthood. Oxygen therapy can damage the immature cardiopulmonary system and may be partially responsible for the cardiovascular disease in adults born preterm. We p
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Almost one in six students reported poly-victimization (≥2 types). Higher frequency of victimization was positively associated with four poor mental health indicators and eleven health-risk behaviours.
Almost one in six students reported poly-victimization (≥2 types). Higher frequency of victimization was positively associated with four poor mental health indicators and eleven health-risk behavio
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Propolis has beneficial effects anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes and anti-obesity in human or murine models, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) on the gut microbiota, and to analyze the associations between these alterations of gut microbiota and insulin resistance and obesity in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male C
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We examine the effect of the Medicaid expansion in 2014 under in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on emergency department (ED) utilization and ED admission rates (fraction of ED visits that lead to hospital admission) during the first 3 postexpansion years (2014 to 2016).
We compared ED utilization and ED admission rates in 151 EDs in 14 expansion states with those in
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The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) based at EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) assigns unique symbols and names to human genes. There are over 42,000 approved gene symbols in our current database of which over 19 000 are for protein-coding genes. While we still update placeholder and problematic symbols, we are working towards stabilizing symbols where possible; over 2000 symbols
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The A850 /A875 in the growth-inhibited cultures was increased, indicating an increased level of the light-harvesting complex 2 compared to the reaction center. The exogenous glycine possibly played an important regulation role in photosynthesis of purple bacteria.Mutations in centrosome genes deplete neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during brain development, causing microcephaly. While NPC attrition is linked to TP53-me
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The re-admission rate was 18.9%. Patients who underwent conversion to THA due to post-traumatic arthritis combined with non-union acetabular fracture developed clinical failure more frequently than patients with post-traumatic arthritis (p = 0.037). At 12 years, 83.4% of patients were free from revision of femoral and acetabular components. CONCLUSION THA secondary to an operatively treated acetabular fract
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is amongst the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite evidence of neurogenesis post-TBI, survival and integration of newborn neurons remains impaired. High Mobility Group Box protein 1 (HMGB1) is an ‘alarmin’ released hyper-acutely following TBI and implicated in hosting the neuro-inflammatory response to injury. It is also instrumental in mediating neurogenesis
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Finally, we conduct some experiments on various real-world datasets to demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve the state-of-the-art classification performance among similarity-based learning methods. In addition, we further verify the effectiveness of our method in concept discovery on the MNIST dataset.This article mainly focuses on the problem of synchronization in finite and fix
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Wider public awareness of the risks and side effects of marijuana, as well as a more prudent health policy, and government agency monitoring of the drug’s composition, creation, and distribution, are needed and recommended.STUDY OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus per se and its related therapy have been frequently associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. However, studies that explo
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BACKGROUND Most women are prescribed an opioid after hysterectomy. The goal of this study was to determine the association between initial opioid prescribing characteristics and chronic opioid use after hysterectomy. METHODS This study included women enrolled in a commercial health plan who had a hysterectomy between 1 July 2010 and 31 March 2015. We used trajectory models to define chronic opioid use as pat
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To assess incidence and changes in tinnitus and bothersome tinnitus as well as associated risk factors in a large sample of UK adults.
Prospective cohort study.
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For cross-sectional analysis, a group of 168 348 participants aged between 40 and 69 years with hearing and tinnitus data from the UK Bioba
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Biological processes of legumes may change their nutritional value of lipids, but there is no research on the fatty acid profile and their position distribution in fermented beverages obtained from germinated bean seeds. The present study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation by Lactobacillus strains on the fatty acid profile and their positional distribution in triacylglycerols of beverage obtained from ger
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Recently, efficient extraction of natural products from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by green solvents is deemed an essential area of green technology and attracts extensive attentions. In this work, a green protocol for simultaneous ultrasonic-extraction of the native compounds with different polarities of TCMs by using a hybrid ionic liquids (HILs)-water system was reported for t
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In light of this, nanoplatforms have been employed for codelivery of curcumin and DOX. This results in promoting the bioavailability and internalization of the aforementioned active compounds in cancer cells and, consequently, enhancing their antitumor activity. Noteworthy, curcumin has been applied for reducing adverse effects of DOX on normal cells and tissues via reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis
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study aimed to define activity and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in a very large, real life data set of patients with metastatic, persistent, recurrent ovarian cancer (MPR-OC). Patient age 25 Gy were associated with better local control (LC) rate. Mild toxicity was experienced in 20.7% of patients. In conclusion, this study confirms the activity and safety of SBRT in MPR-OC patients and identifies clini
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Laryngeal carcinoma is the most common type of malignant tumor in the head and neck. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve crucial roles in numerous biological processes. The present study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA SOX2-OT in laryngeal cancer and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays were used to measure the expression levels of SOX2-OT in the laryngeal ce
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債務重組很重要財務概念涉及過程一個人或面對債務時的企業那根本不能償還，並通過與債權人的談判實現更有利的還款條件。此過程通常包括措施例如重新支付付款計劃，減少利息和可能減少債務大力幫助債務人更有效地管理其財務狀況。
債務重組，有很多不同的方法選擇，包括個人自願協議（IVA），債務重組計劃（DRP）等。這些解決方案已有他們自己的應用程序的特徵和範圍，加上收費和成功率甚至會範圍從機構和特
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Of all breast cancers, triple-negative and HER-2 positive are the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes with a high risk of recurrence and worse prognosis. The study’s purpose was to further assess the molecular mechanisms underlying aggression of breast cancer.
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Mast cells are (in)famous for their role in allergic diseases, but the physiological and pathophysiological roles of this ingenious cell are still not fully understood. Mast cells are important for homeostasis and surveillance of the human system, recognizing both endogenous and exogenous agents, which induce release of a variety of mediators acting on both immune and non-immune cells, including nerve cells, fibroblasts, endot
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Purpose Recent studies have called for more contextual studies of technostress and the role leaders can have in this experience. While technostress is an increasingly prevalent and severe phenomenon in care professions, limited studies have addressed its potential negative consequences for employee well-being and quality of care delivered in this sector or, more importantly, examined how the adverse co
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