Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
398,058 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Prominent variation in study design at all stages is likely to have contributed to differences in study outcomes. Despite increasing literature surrounding neuronal network analysis, systematic methodological studies are lacking. Absence of consensus in this area significantly limits comparison of results from different studies, and the ability to draw firm conclusions about network characterist
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CONCLUSIONS Our work reveals that, although the bacterial species in different municipal WWTPs could be different, they may have similar deterministic functional features that allow them to adapt to the AS systems. Also, we provide valuable genome resources and a novel approach for future investigation and better understanding of the microbiome of AS and other ecosystems. Video Abtract.BACKGROUND Although massive stud
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This was a cross sectional study with 384 participants. Initially, a pre-test meeting was completed to collect demographic data such as for example age, gender, educational skills, and residential standing. The participants’ permission had been taken ahead of the study accompanied by, management of real information and mindset survey. Mann-Whitney U Test ended up being u
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A high CISS score is associated with possible neuropathic pain (DN4 ≥ 4). Both a low CISS-it score (ie, less then 30) and DN4 less then 4 is associated with good sensory recovery (MRC ≥ 2). In conclusion patients affected by upper limb peripheral nerve injuries with higher CISS scores more often suffer from cold intolerance and neuropathic pain, and the better their sensory recovery is, the less likely they are to suff
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Acute high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is characterized by life-threatening hemodynamic instability that may lead to refractory cardiac arrest. Recently, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to provide primary cardiopulmonary support for select high-risk PE patients or before surgical embolectomy. This article reviews the growing body of literature regarding ECMO support of acut
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The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales for clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups at 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS At 3 months postoperatively, the aMME and rMME significantly decreased in the TSS (20°-30 N) compared to the F-MMA (45°-20 N) group. The TSS (20°-30 N) group had better KOOS subs
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Degradation of DP accounted for 55.3% and 78.1% of total DP output in seawater and sediment, respectively, indicating that degradation mainly affected decline of DP in the environment.We place an upper bound on the degree to which policies aimed at improving the information deficiencies of patients may lead to greater adherence to clinical guidelines and recommended practices. To do so, we compare the degree of adherence atta
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In this study, findings indicated that effects of increased digestible AA density on FI, performance, and processing yield are specific to strain and grow-out temperature, but the optimum response was attained for both lines with diets containing 110 to 120% AA levels (3.48-3.80 g dLys/Mcal) during the 22 to 42 d finisher period.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of dieta
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) invades the alveoli, where abundant alveolar macrophages (AMs) reside. How AMs respond to SARS-CoV-2 invasion remains elusive. Here, we show that classically activated M1 AMs facilitate viral spread; however, alternatively activated M2 AMs limit the spread. M1 AMs utilize cellular softness to efficiently take up SARS-CoV-2. Subseque
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However, a bicistronic plasmid with two independent promoters (cytomegalovirus (CMV) for HGF and chicken b-actin (CAG) for VEGF165) provided expression of both grow factors in skeletal muscle at an equimolar ratio. Efficacy tests of bicistronic plasmid were performed in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia. Intramuscular administration of plasmid induced significant restoration of perfusion compared to an empty vecto
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REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) has a poor prognostic implication in both motor and non-motor functions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. However, to the best of our knowledge no study to date investigated the longitudinal cerebral changes underlying RBD symptoms in PD. We performed the longitudinal study to investigate the association between probable RBD and cortical and subcortical changes in e
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3, 12.5) to 24.6 % (95 % CI 3.3, 38.5) for the ELISA with multi-epitope antigens while estimated prevalence using the commercial ELISA was 2.5 % (95 % CI 0.2, 6.6). These results may suggest the existence of a new SRLV reservoir in Poland and highlight the importance of surveilling and controlling SRLV infection in domestic and wild ruminants sharing pasture areas. Fusarium species are traditionally g
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Favorable outcomes of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) over open hepatectomy (OH) have been demonstrated. LH offers less postoperative morbidity, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stay, while maintaining oncological safety. Only limited evidence about outcomes of LH in elderly is currently available. Therefore, this study aimed to compare short term outcomes of LH to OH for patients >65 years.
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Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as a building block has been intensively investigated for organic semiconductors and light emitting materials. The synthesis of N-aryl DPPs remains challenging. Herein, we firstly report a new easily handled synthetic method toward N-aryl DPPs through H-DPP with diaryliodonium salt in the presence of CuI, which shows broad reaction scope. Sixteen N-aryl DPPs, including phenyl, furan and thiophene
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Scintimammography has been shown to be a viable alternative for dense breasts or for follow-up in those with a personal history of breast cancer and scarring as result of treatment. For supplemental screening to be worthwhile in these women, new technologies need to reduce the number of stage II cancers and be cost effective when tested in large scale trials. This article reviews the evidence for suppleme
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A 4-nitroimidazole xanthate ligand (NMXT) was synthesized and radiolabeled with [99mTcN]2+ core and [99mTcO]3+ core to obtain 99mTcN-NMXT and 99mTcO-NMXT, respectively. The two 99mTc-complexes were prepared with high radiochemical purity and had good stability. The partition coefficient results indicated both of them were hydrophilic, and cellular uptake studies showed they exhibited good hypoxic selectivity. From the b
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The StopSmoking Therapy, combins a motivational interview, a subcutaneous injection of NicoSan® and a hyperhydration protocol. The objectives were to evaluate the number of patients declaring cessation and factors related to relapse.
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Acrylamide (ACR) formed during heating of tobacco and carbohydrate-rich food as well as widely applied in industries has been known as a well-established neurotoxic pollutant. Although the precise mechanism is unclear, enhanced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation have been demonstrated to contribute to the ACR-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, we assessed the possible anti-apoptotic, anti
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Objectives Examine the social influence of adult children on the cardiovascular-related health behaviors of older South Asian (SA) immigrants to inform lifestyle interventions.Design This mixed-methods study used data from an ancillary study of social networks (2014-2018) in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America cohort. Phase 1 was a quantitative analysis of self-reported diet and physi
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Results The first attempt success rate in Parker flex-tip TT was significantly more as compared to conventional PVC TT (P = 0.002). Success rate of intubation was significantly more in Parker flex-tip TT as compared to conventional PVC TT (P = 0.004). The intubation was significantly easy in Parker flex-tip tube as compared to conventional PVC TT (P = 0.002). Total time of intubation was less in Parker flex-tip tube as
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Load forecasting plays a crucial role in the world of smart grids. It governs many aspects of the smart grid and smart meter, such as demand response, asset management, investment, and future direction. This paper proposes time-series forecasting for short-term load prediction to unveil the load forecast benefits through different statistical and mathematical models, such as artificial neural networks,
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The aim of this study was to identify demographic and clinical risk factors for mortality in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitides (AAVs) in a Per
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Solanum nigrum Linne polysaccharide (SNLP), an active ingredient from Solanum nigrum Linne, has been proposed to inhibit tumor growth and display immunomodulatory activity. However, the molecular mechanism related to immune regulation remains unclear. In the present study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (SNLP-1) was extracted, the immune effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. The
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We searched 3 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and online of Science) for studies using retrospective data sources evaluating multiple teams or treatments. The protocol had been registered beneath the DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/KGVRM. An overall total of 65 studies had been included. Of these, just 4 compared pharmacological interventions, whereas 49 investigated variat
GriffinPaaske8640
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AIM To perform a systematic review of the literature on intravenous (IV) vs. intraosseous (IO) administration of drugs during cardiac arrest in order to inform an update of international guidelines. METHODS The review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO. Medline, Embase and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews were searched on December 17, 2019 for studies comparing IV to IO administrat
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe, effective and non-invasive treatment for many psychiatric illnesses, including treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is also an effective antidepressant. This retrospective review examined the clinical benefits of combining these two established treatments for patients suffering from TRD in a
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Similarly, risk association was reported in obese, sedentary lifestyle, positive family history and smoking in the heterozygous and mutant genotype and with diabetes in the mutant GG genotype. The study revealed high risk association of ANRIL rs1333049 with CAD and other risk factors.Developing novel small-molecule-based probes with both deep tissue imaging and therapeutic functions is highly significant
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In this article, we reviewed studies on exosomes in the eye, with a special emphasis on RB. We also reviewed miRNAs expressed in RB tumor, serum, and cell lines and analyzed the targets of these miRNAs from the proteins identified in the RB tumor exosomes. hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-9, upregulated and downregulated, respectively in RB, have the maximum number of targets. Although oppositely regulated, they share the s
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Three 1000-km long, high resolution conductivity, temperature, depth sections in the North Pacific Ocean obtained by the ship towed vehicle SeaSoar are analyzed to quantify 2005 March/April upper-ocean sound-speed structure and determine the effects on low to mid-frequency transmission loss (TL) through numerical simulation. The observations reveal a variable mixed layer acoustic duct (MLAD) with a
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Aim PF-06438179/GP1111 (PF-SZ-IFX) is a biosimilar of reference infliximab (Remicade® ). This analysis compared the efficacy of PF-SZ-IFX and reference infliximab sourced from the European Union (IFX-EU) in patient subgroups from a randomized, comparative study of PF-SZ-IFX versus IFX-EU. Methods Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomized 11 to PF-SZ-IFX (n = 324) or IFX-EU (n = 326); study drug
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Nephrotic syndrome causes severe hypercholesterolaemia due to increased production and altered clearance of lipoproteins from the liver. It is challenging for patients with nephrotic syndrome and coronary heart disease to meet LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) goals for secondary prevention with conventional lipid-lowering therapy.
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Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the esophagus is a relatively rare histologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we reported a case of solitary cutaneous metastasis as the first symptom of esophageal BSCC and was successfully treated with multidisciplinary treatment.
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Entry into postgraduate medical training in Canada is facilitated through a national application and matching system which establishes matches between applicants and training programs based on each party’s stated preferences. Health human resource planning in Canada involves many factors, influences, and decisions. The complexity of the system is due, in part, to the fact that much of the decision making is disperse
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Despite the advances in screening protocols and treatment options, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still considered to be the most lethal malignancy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Moreover, the survival outcomes after failure of first-line therapy for unresectable HCC is still poor with limited therapeutic options. One of these options is immune checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of this study is to comprehensively rev
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