Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
394,343 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Introduction Total extra-peritoneal laparoscopic-assisted (TEP-lap-assisted) harvest of the deep inferior epigastric (DIE) vessels permits a decrease in myofascial dissection in DIEP flap breast reconstruction. We present a reliable technique that further decreases donor site morbidity in autologous breast reconstruction. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of female subjects presenting to the seni
DaleLim4677
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evated risk for this disorder. Conclusions Drinkers of both homemade and commercial alcohol in China may be at risk for alcohol-related problems and constitute a little understood population for whom further research is needed. The AB InBev Foundation supported this study.
This study sought to investigate the effect of local expression of galectin-3 in the development of stenotic arteriovenous fistu
HaahrTemple2705
selleck inhibitor
Pathogenic variations in the ABCA4 gene are a leading cause of vision loss in patients with inherited retinal diseases. ABCA4-retinal dystrophies are clinically heterogeneous, presenting with mild to severe degeneration of the retina. The purpose of this study was to clinically and genetically characterize patients with ABCA4-retinal dystrophies in Norway and describe phenotype-genotype as
CaseyCrawford6500
EAPB02303 clinical trial
Knockdown of circWHSC1 suppressed HCC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and restrained tumorigenesis in vivo. CircWHSC1 functioned as the sponge for miR-142-3p, which directly targeted HOXA1. Inhibition of miR-142-3p ameliorated the effects of circWHSC1 knockdown on HCC cell proliferation and metastasis. Moreover, miR-142-3p overexpression restrained the growth and motility of HCC cells, with HOX
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INTRODUCTION In-flight medical emergencies (IFMEs) average 1 of every 604 flights and are expected to increase as the population ages and air travel increases. Flight diversions, or the rerouting of a flight to an alternate destination, occur in 2 to 13% of IFME cases, but may or may not be necessary as determined after the fact. Estimating the effect of IFME diversions compared to nonmedical diversions can be expected to
CantuMendoza2369
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To investigate the chemical isotope-exchange reactions within a system composed of a mixture of hydrogen and deuterium (H/D) in the plasma media, the ReaxFFHD potential was parameterized against an appropriate quantum mechanics (QM)-based training set. These QM data involve structures and energies related to bond dissociation, angle distortion, and an exchange reaction of the tri-atomic molecular ions, H3 +, D3 +,
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MedlinFournier4440
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Background Carriage of multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GN) in hospitalized neonates may increase the risk of difficult-to-treat invasive infections at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Data on MDRGN carriage among hospitalized newborns in Africa are limited. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at the NICUs of 2 tertiary hospitals in Ghana. Swabs from the axilla, groin, perianal reg
McNeilHarmon4776
thor311
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Modulating factors include demographics (e.g., age) and linguistic variables (e.g., early bilingualism). Three cases of brain tumors in the left hemisphere are presented to illustrate how modulating confounding and modulating factors can impact fMRI estimates of language dominance. Distinguishing between confounding and modulating factors can help interpret the results of presurgical language mapping with fMRI.This
SoelbergRobertson4747
Tetrahydropiperine in vivo
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a life-threatening manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is more common in children than adults. The epidemiology and management of childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) have changed over time, prompting the need to reassess expected outcomes. The purpose of this study is to use the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) prospective registr
MoseRosenberg0260
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0% [336]); and (3) complementary approaches, including cleaning products (74.7% [732]), clothing/bedding (44.8% [430]), alternative medications (19.0% [180]), and adjunctive therapies (15.9% [150]). The median annual AD OOP expense was US $600 (range, US $0-$200,000), with 41.9% (364) reporting expenditures US $1000 or greater.
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WhitneyThorup6400
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G protein-biased agonists of the μ-opioid receptor (MOPr) have been proposed as an improved class of opioid analgesics. Recent studies have been unable to reproduce the original experiments in the β-arrestin2-knockout mouse that led to this proposal, and alternative genetic models do not support the G protein-biased MOPr agonist hypothesis. Furthermore, assessment of putatively biased ligands has been confounded by sev
ClemensenEllegaard9613
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Objective The objective was to assess the clinical and financial impact of a pharmacist integrated within a primary care practice on quality measures of the merit-based incentive payment system (MIPS). Setting The study was conducted in a multidisciplinary primary care practice in Charlotte, NC. Practice description A collaborating pharmacist from an independent community pharmacy is integrated within clinic workflow. In this
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牽頭式債務舒緩計劃又稱綜合債務舒緩計劃，其實與債務舒緩計劃相似，同樣無需經過法庭程序，無需律師或會計師參與，可節省堂費、律師費等高額開支，亦能保持高私隱度。他們最大的相異之處，就是債務人只需向最大債權人（即牽頭銀行）協商，討論新的還款方案。因為無需與所有債權人逐個安排談判，申請手續得以簡化。
市面上有不少提供債務重組服務的機構，例如香港債務重組協會、盈富專業方案事務所等等，服務範圍覆蓋卡數、銀行個人貸款、金融公司貸款、高利息貸款、信用社貸款、學生助學貸款、稅收等等。
申請人與牽頭債權人經過洽談，若雙方接受新的還款建議，又獲得其餘債權人的同意，債務人所有債款便將歸納於牽頭債權人下，根據新方案規定的較低的利息，日後債務人只需每月向這個
PotterDeleon0537
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Blood culture is the current standard for diagnosing bacteremic illnesses, yet it is not clear how physicians in many low- and middle-income countries utilize blood culture for diagnostic purposes and to inform treatment decisions.
We screened suspected enteric fever cases from 6 hospitals in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan, and enrolled patients if blood culture was prescribed by the treating physician.
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Furthermore, Rg1 suppressed drastic elevation in FOXO1 phosphorylation resulting in maintaining FOXO1 protein level in the liver after d-galactose treatment, followed by FOXO1 targeted antioxidase SOD and CAT significant up-regulation concurrent with marked decrease in lipid peroxidation marker MDA. Significance Rg1 exerts pharmaceutic effects of maintaining FOXO1 activity in liver, which en
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Nexturastat A
The purpose of the present study was to explore the factors related to oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in elderly patients who underwent prosthetic treatment with removable dentures through several objective and subjective examinations and to analyze their interrelationships.
The current study involved 78 denture wearers, aged 65 years or above, who underwent
SheaHobbs0194
Selleckchem Oxythiamine chloride
cy overweight and obesity. Existing interventions primarily target diet and physical activity but lack broad empirical support and typically have only modest effects on weight gain in pregnancy, with few successfully preventing excess weight gain. Furthermore, interventions that successfully target gestational weight gain have minimal positive impact on weight- and diet-re
YildirimWhitney4723
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While Treg cells are responsible for self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, pathogenic autoreactive Th17 cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to tissue damage associated with autoimmunity, as observed in multiple sclerosis. Therefore, the immunological balance between Th17 and Treg cells may represent a promising option for immune therapy. Statin drugs are used to treat dyslipidemia; however, besi
BaggerVilhelmsen2905
RK701
A co-crystal was obtained based on donor-acceptor interactions. The obvious charge transfer from the linear donor to the triangular acceptor units results in a quasi-two-dimensional CT complex with excellent near-infrared photothermal conversion efficiency. The co-crystals further acted as an excellent photothermal material in seawater desalination.Background and aim IgE-mediated immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis
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While it is often stated that psychiatric co-morbidity in PWE is under-recognized and under-treated, little research has directly examined this assertion. The aims of this study were to understand the rates of confirmed diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety in people with epilepsy (PWE). Two samples were recruited a hospital sample of 106 adult outpatients with epilepsy who underwent a structu
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© 2020, Kuang et al.The precise relationship between epigenetic perturbations and telomere dysfunction is an extant question. Previously, we showed that telomere dysfunction leads to differentiation instability in murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) via perturbations in DNA methylation at pluripotency-factor promoters. Here, we uncovered that telomerase reverse transcriptase null (Tert-/-) mE
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Wooden bunk beds for children are a great option for any child’s bedroom. They are both beautiful and functional. They maximize space, stimulate imagination and promote socialisation among siblings.
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We explored the functions and mechanisms of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 4 (NDRG4) in an amyloid beta 1-40 induced Alzheimer’s disease cell model. The levels of total and phosphorylated Tau protein were significantly up-regulated and cell activity was decreased with increasing Aβ1-40 treatment in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression of NDRG4 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased that induced by Aβ1
AaenFinley9401
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Surprisingly, MuSC-EVs did not affect mitochondrial function in undamaged myotubes, suggesting the cargo delivered is able to repair but does not expand the existing mitochondrial network. These data demonstrate that MuSC-EVs rapidly deliver proteins into myotubes, a portion of which co-localizes with mitochondria, and reverses mitochondria dysfunction in oxidatively-damaged myotubes.The growing fear of virus transmission dur
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway with loss of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons and dopamine depletion. Various natural compounds showed protective actions against PD. In this work, the protective effects of cannabidiol (CBD), obtained from Cannabis sativa, were evaluated in retinoic
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o village doctors by THCs in the six sampled provinces exceeded the Chinese government’s requirement of 40%, but the workload proportion in some provinces was less than 40%. In addition, the percentage workload for some NEPHS undertaken by village doctors was lower than others. We suggest conducting district-level analysis of the workload among village doctors under the NEPHS program using the EV method, to identify are
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On this basis, we added the cross-item of technological innovation, and industrial-structure upgrades had a significant and positive impact on ecological efficiency, which was significantly greater than the independent effect of technological innovation and industrial-structure upgrades. To explore the mechanism of industrial-structure upgrading and technological innovation on regional ecologica
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On the other hand, the risks associated with systemic therapies remain high and should be carefully weighed against the potential benefits. It is unclear to what extent adult stem cells can contribute to skin regeneration/wound healing.
Further research is warranted in order to fulfil the potential of cellular therapies for RDEB. The development of combinatorial gene
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Our results further reveal that MAZ promotes cell growth, which is dependent on ERK signaling. Importantly, we found that MAZ positively regulates MAP2K2 expression in ccRCC cells. Mechanistically, MAZ binds to the MAP2K2 promoter and increases MAP2K2 transcription. Furthermore, MAP2K2 levels were shown to be increased in ccRCC tissues and to be associated with a poor prognosis of ccRCC patients. MAP2K2 upregulati
VelazquezOakley2929
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RESULTS Compared to age-matched wildtype littermates, PKO mice display aggravated stroke outcomes, including larger hematoma size, worse neurological function, increased neuronal cell death, enhanced BBB permeability, increased transcytosis, and elevated inflammatory cell infiltration. These mutants also exhibit high baseline brain water content independent of aquaporin-4 (AQP4)
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common complication and the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Accelerated atherosclerosis is a pathophysiological process that is vital to the occurrence of cardiovascular complications associated with CKD. Abnormal platelet activation is not only the leading cause of atherosclerosis but also plays a critical role in the occurrence of thrombo
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The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of protein translation, metabolism, cell growth and proliferation. It forms two complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2). mTORC1 is frequently deregulated in many cancers, including breast cancer, and is an important target for cancer therapy. The immunosuppressant drug rapamycin and its analogs that inhibit mTOR are currently being evaluated for their potent
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Physical findings of auscultation cannot be quantified at the arteriovenous fistula examination site during daily dialysis treatment. Consequently, minute changes over time cannot be recorded based only on subjective observations. In this study, we sought to supplement the daily arteriovenous fistula consultation for hemodialysis patients by recording the sounds made by the arteriovenous fistula and evalua
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The predicted mean plasma S-warfarin concentration and INR at steady state were almost 6 and 2times greater, respectively, in the presence of sorafenib than those for warfarin alone. The predicted S-warfarin concentrations and INR after reduction of the warfarin dose (0.5mg/day) in the presence of sorafenib were comparable to those after 3mg/day warfarin alone.
The proposed populatio
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In patients with altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy, success rates of endoscopic-assisted biliary interventions are lower compared to PTBD. Still, due to the beneficial complication rates of the endoscopic approach, this technique should be preferred whenever possible and in selected patients who still need to be defined in detail, repeated endoscopic attempts are useful to help achieve the des
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People with diabetes could have an increased risk of falls as they show more complications, morbidity and use of medication compared to the general population. This study aimed to estimate the risk of falls and to identify risk factors associated with falls in people with diabetes. The second aim was to estimate fall-related injuries, such as lesions and fractures, including their anatomic localization in pe
GraceBrandstrup9375
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The rate of survival at 25 years was 97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92%-100%) in the cementless group and 98% (95% CI, 94%-100%) in the cemented group, with reoperation for any reason as the end point. The rate of survival at 25 years was 98% (95% CI, 94%-100%), with reoperation for aseptic loosening as the end point in both groups.
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However, the risk of algal blooms would be increased after the Baqing River water transfer project even with the improved water quality. Algae gained faster proliferation with the same dominant species in water transfer source. Therefore, water transfer projects should be assessed from not only the variation of water quality but also the risk of algal blooms.Local pollution and the cross-boundary transmission of poll
HoveHughes1209
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Five previously undescribed compounds, including two dendrobine-type alkaloids (1 and 2), three bibenzyl derivatives (3-5), along with six known compounds were isolated from orchids Dendrobium findlayanum. The structures and absolute configurations of the undescribed compounds were elucidated on the basis of HR-ESIMS, NMR spectroscopy, optical rotation value, as well as electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The cytotox
BisgaardLeslie7400
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These alterations suggest that early disruptions in SC between bilateral insula and the bilateral prefrontal cortices may appear in amTBI and persist into cmTBI, which might be potentially related to the cognitive and emotional impairments.Anterior mediastinum is the most common location of mediastinal tumors, which include various solid and cystic lesions. The lesion location and CT and MRI features are imp
BauerKoefoed7594
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At autopsy, we found stage IV HL with lymph node swelling on both sides of the diaphragm, as well as diffusely disseminated nodules in the liver and spleen. CONCLUSIONS Our patient had several poor prognostic factors including B symptoms, comorbidity, advanced stage, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and interleukin-6, all of which were closely connected with her advanced age
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2 person-years of follow-up, 18 patients on VDZ developed new (7) or recurrent (11) cancer corresponding to a rate of 22 per 1000 person-years after cancer diagnosis. In a multivariable Cox-model, after adjusting for confounders, there was no increase in the risk of new or recurrent cancer with VDZ (HR 1.38 95% CI 0.38 – 1.36) or anti-TNF therapy (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.65 – 1.64), when compared to no IS.
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In Southern Italy, buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk is mostly intended for the manufacture of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) cheese. Despite the economic boost of the last 2 decades, the buffalo farming system should be improved to maximize the efficiency of the dairy industry, improve yield and quality of milk and cheese, and work toward better animal welfare. Milk somatic c
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