Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
389,176 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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003) with reduced psychological (coefficient -1.02, 95% CI -1.54 to -0.51), physical (-0.62, 95% CI -1.14 to -0.09) and environmental domain scores (-0.45, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.01). In 225 patients with known HIV status in Metro Manila, HIV was associated with modestly reduced HrQoL (P = 0.014).CONCLUSION Nutritional status and food insecurity represent modifiable risk factors for poor HrQoL that may be alleviated through i
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Older adults with advanced cancer face uncertainty related to their disease and treatment.
To evaluate the associations of uncertainty with psychological health and quality of life (QoL) in older adults with advanced cancer.
Secondary cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a national clustered geriatric assessment trial. Patien
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The patient subsequently underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO). Her histopathology report revealed the presence of bilateral benign cystadenomas. From a primary care physician’s perspective, this case highlights the importance of possible rare pathologies that can present with symptoms of a completely unrelated organ system. E
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Although left atrial (LA) expansion index predicts cardiovascular events, its efficacy for predicting cerebral events is unknown.
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第一的， 我們要去 定義 到底是什麼 債務重組。DEBT重組 指 一種理解 到達債權人和借款人之間 一旦 借款人無法償還 債務 在 是時候讓你了 調整 最初 債務條款，包括延長還款期，減少 利率，或直接免除部分債務。 幫助企業結束 財務困難，，，， 但此外 有效地 減少 損失 債權人。
下一個， 我們要去 談論 債務舒緩。debt舒緩通常是系統地管理和調整的 談到 累積債務 減少 還款壓力 與 借款
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9 nmol/L) and COPD (21.5 nmol/L) was lower than in controls (39.8 nmol/L; P=0.001). Compared with controls, patients with asthma and COPD had lower molar ratios of 25(OH)D3-to-vitamin D3 and higher molar ratios of 1α,25(OH)2D3-to-25(OH)D3 both pre- and post-supplementation (P≤0.005). Inter-group differences in 1α,25[OH]2D3-inducible gene expression signatures were modest and variable where statistically sig
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Youth experiencing homelessness are more likely than housed youth to experience premature death, suicide, drug overdose, pregnancy, substance use, and mental illness. Yet while youth experiencing homelessness are 6 to 12 times more likely to become infected with HIV than housed youth, with HIV prevalence as high as 16%, many do not access the prevention services they need. Despite adversities, youth experien
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N-end rule ubiquitination pathway is known to be disrupted in many diseases, including cancer. UBR5, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is mutated and/or overexpressed in human lung cancer cells suggesting its pathological role in cancer.
We determined expression of UBR5 protein in multiple lung cancer cell lines and human patient samples. Using immunoprecip
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Silymarin, a polyphenoic flavonoid derived from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum), exhibits neuroprotective effects. In this study, we used a model of rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes to investigate whether silymarin affects the release of glutamate, an essential neurotransmitter involved in excitotoxicity. Its possible neuroprotective effect on a rat model of kainic acid
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We will assess feasibility and acceptability through questionnaires and adherence to TCQ. We will assess preliminary associations with symptoms such as depression, anxiety, social support, chronic HIV-related fatigue, and clinical outcomes. These will be described through proportions, means, and changes over time through graphing techniques. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, at post-intervention, and at 3months follow-up.
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Morquio syndrome is caused by the deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) enzyme, which is required for the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (namely, chondroitin-6-sulfate and keratan sulfate). Pathogenic accumulation of these glycosaminoglycans occurs throughout the body. The various organs and tissues affected are bones, cartilage, tendon, teeth
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The Australian pharmaceuticals market is indeed more vulnerable to drug shortages, particularly in the event of a global pandemic such as COVID-19. However, these shortages are not significantly influenced by the US drug market.
The Australian pharmaceuticals market is indeed more vulnerable to drug shortages, particularly in the event of a global pandemic such as
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ados e conclusões, iremos ensaiar algumas intervenções preventivas de comunicação em saúde como o edutainment nas escolas primárias de três distritos (EDUCA_TARTARUGA) e com os jornalistas de rádio (EDUCA_PRESS), as quais serão avaliadas pelos professores primários e pelos jornalistas de rádio.A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile strain, designated SYSUP0004T, was isolated from the tubers of Gas
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e patients of the potential complications that may occur following their procedure.STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database years 2012-2015. OBJECTIVE Compare the 30-day readmission and postoperative major complications rates of 2-level lumbar decompression performed in the ambulatory and the i
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T cells communicate with the environment via surface receptors. Cooperation of surface receptors regulates T-cell responses to diverse stimuli. Recently, finger-like membrane protrusions, microvilli, have been demonstrated to play a role in the organization of receptors and, hence, T-cell activation. However, little is known about the morphogenesis of dynamic microvilli, especially in the cells of immune system. In this
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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have emerged as an integral component of a sustainable bioeconomy, with an array of applications in agriculture, bioenergy, and biomedicine. However, the rapid development of GMOs and associated synthetic biology approaches raises a number of biosecurity concerns related to environmental escape of GMOs, detection thereof, and impact upon native ecosystems. A myriad of genetic safeg
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154, P=0.003). Additionally, crystalline lens decentration and AL explained 54.6% of the variability in IOL decentration. AL was the factor most highly associated with IOL decentration (R
=0.332, P<0.001), rather than crystalline lens decentration (R
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The position of the preoperative crystalline
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d RHD*09.04, accounting for more than 95% of Caucasians with a serological weak D phenotype, were not found. Our study reaffirms that the distribution of D variant alleles differs between East Asians and Caucasians. Our findings also indicate that some D variants including RHD*01W.33 and RHD*01W.43 are at risk of being mistyped as D-positive by a highly sensitive RhD typing method such as an automated microplate method.
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Meta-analyses based on systematic literature reviews are commonly used to obtain a quantitative summary of the available evidence on a given topic. However, the reliability of any meta-analysis is constrained by that of its constituent studies. One major limitation is the possibility of small-study effects, when estimates from smaller and larger studies dif
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The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize scientific evidence that evaluates in vitro fracture and fatigue strength of occlusal veneers in different thicknesses, CAD/CAM materials, and under different aging methodologies.
An electronic search of 3 English databases (The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost) was conducted. Labor
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Efficient charge separation and utilization are critical factors in photocatalysis. Herein, it is demonstrated that the complete spatial separation of oxidation and reduction cocatalysts enhances the efficacy of charge separation and surface reaction. Specifically, a Pt@NH2 -UiO-66@MnOx (PUM) heterostructured photocatalyst with Pt and MnOx as cocatalysts is designed for the optimization of the NH2 -UiO-66 photoc
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RIN1 clinical trial
Self-assembly of porphyrins is a fascinating topic, not only for mimicking chlorophyll assemblies in photosynthetic organisms, but also for the potential of creating molecular-level devices. Herein, zinc porphyrin derivatives bearing a meta-pyridyl group at the meso position were prepared and their assemblies studied in chloroform. Among the porphyrins studied, one with a carbamoylpyridyl moiety gave a distinct 1 H
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The mean 5-HT concentrations in breast milk in primiparous mothers immediately before nursing, 1 to 2 h after nursing, and immediately before the next nursing event were 23.6 ± 1.48, 22.82 ± 1.65, and 21.84 ± 1.31 ng/mL, respectively; mean 5-HT concentrations in multiparous women were 25.4 ± 1.65, 23.6 ± 2.20, or 22.4 ± 2.09 ng/mL, respectively. There was no significant difference in 5-HT concentrations at each time poin
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Interannual variability in euphausiid (krill) abundance and population structure and associations of those measures with environmental drivers were investigated in an 11-year study conducted in late August-early September 2005-2015 in offshelf waters (bottom depth > 40 m) in Barrow Canyon and the Beaufort Sea just downstream of Distributed Biological Observatory site 5 (DBO5) near Pt. Barrow, Alaska. Statist
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Ultralight bosonic fields are compelling dark-matter candidates and arise in a variety of beyond standard model scenarios. These fields can tap energy and angular momentum from spinning black holes through superradiant instabilities, during which a macroscopic bosonic condensate develops around the black hole. Striking features of this phenomenon include gaps in the spin-mass distribution of astrophysical black holes an
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Efforts should focus on helping adolescents cultivate academic skills needed during school closures, providing mental/physical health resources and helping them navigate peer relationships-especially given ongoing remote education and social distancing due to the pandemic.
Migraine may be associated with neck impairment and migraine chronicity is related to greater disability. However, whether
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Fine needle aspiration biopsy does not permit to distinguish between benign and malignant follicular thyroid lesions (category IV in the Bethesda Cytopathology System). Some reports have suggested an association between increased serum TSH levels and thyroid cancer, so the aim of this study was to investigate the association between TSH levels and malignancy in patients with follicular thyroid nodul
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The importance of providing the newborn infant with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from breast milk is well established. However, women in the United States, on average, have breast milk DHA levels of 0.20%, which is below the worldwide average (and proposed target) of >0.32%. Additionally, the relationship between maternal red blood cell (RBC) and breast milk DHA levels may provide insight into the sufficie
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White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are frequently found in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Commonly considered as a marker of cerebrovascular disease, regional WMH may be related to pathological hallmarks of AD, including beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the regional distribution of WMH associated with Aβ burden, glucose hypometabolism, and gray matter volume reduction.
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Precipitation estimation based on passive microwave (MW) observations from low-Earth-orbiting satellites is one of the essential variables for understanding the global climate. However, almost all validation studies for such precipitation estimation have focused only on the surface precipitation rate. This study investigates the vertical precipitation profiles estimated by two passive
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Coronary artery disease is one of the commonest surgery demanding cardiovascular diseases. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is practiced all over the world for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Systemic trauma during the surgery is associated with a wide range of complications, some of which are fatal. Preoperative risk factors such as age, previous illness and obesity are common predictors of these advers
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A 54-year-old man presenting with dysphagia was diagnosed with locally advanced oesophageal carcinoma with a broncho-oesophageal fistula (c-T4bN2M0 stage IVa). Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (60 Gy) was planned; however, bleeding from the oesophageal lesions progressed during chemoradiotherapy (16 Gy). Oesophagectomy with carinal resection and double-barrelled reconstruction was performed. Despite the inevitable recurrent ner
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Purpose To evaluate efficacy of eplerenone therapy vs. observation on resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF) in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in routine clinical practice. Methods Retrospective comparative case series of eyes diagnosed with CSCR treated with eplerenone or observation. Primary outcome measure was maximum height of SRF at 12 mo
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Background/aims Cigarette smoking is a key factor in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and it has also been associated with the loss of muscle strength and an elevated risk of pulmonary diseases. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of cigarette smoking on the diaphragm muscle structure of postmortem samples. Methods Immunohistochemical techniques were used for muscle remodeling (metalloproteinases 2 a
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An aerated membrane reactor (25 L working volume) equipped with 1.5 m2 hollow-fiber module was designed and operated using synthetic greywater for household water reuse. Activated sludge (MBR), activated carbon (PAC), zeolite (ZEO) and iron hydroxide (GEH) were added in separate experiments to optimize membrane hydraulic performance and removal efficiency of organics. The use of additives improved permeate quality
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Malignancy should be suspected in mesenteric or retroperitoneal cystic tumors with high FDG uptake, and complete resection should be performed with adequate margins.
Malignancy should be suspected in mesenteric or retroperitoneal cystic tumors with high FDG uptake, and complete resection should be performed with adequate margins.
Current automated radiosynthesizers are
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The outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes, COVID-19, which emerged in 2019, was identified by the World Health Organization as a public health emergency of international concern. Brazil actively responded to contain the virus. This case study aims to examine Brazil’s response to COVID-19 by investigating the country’s actions and reflecting upon the outcomes throughout January and March
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Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has been recognized as a useful tool for nanoscale chemical analysis, and it can further reach down to the sub-nanometer scale in the gap-mode configuration. Using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) in gap-mode TERS for position control of a metallic tip, a unique and correlative analysis can be even realized at the single molecule level. However, one of crucial issues i
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