Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
63,838 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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The extensive research literature reviewed and synthesized provides considerable support for the utility of telepsychotherapy with children with neurological conditions and their families and underscores its high level of acceptability with both diverse clinical populations and providers. During this period of heightened vulnerability and stress and reduced access to usual supports and services
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We recently uncovered an association between spinal osteoarthritis and height loss that was independent of incident vertebral fracture. However, the optimal cut-off value of historical height loss (HHL) for discriminating spinal osteoarthritis has not been reported. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the implications of HHL for prevalent vertebral fracture, spinal osteoarthritis, and other co-morbiditie
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health literacy may contribute to the strategies to control the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as individuals need to acquire promptly new health information, understand the reasons behind recommendations, and adapt their behaviour accordingly.
to investigate sociodemographic and disease-related factors that can influence self-perceived knowledge (poor/medium vs high) abou
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Elimination of body tresses across the proximal tail for the intruders substantially reduced the attacking behavior of dams, showing that chemical cues, namely pheromones, connected to the human body hair around the proximal tail may be required for inducing attacking behavior in dams. Studies had been included if individuals w
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At 9° C, the fruit could be stored for 30 days without compromising external or internal quality. Growing location and rootstock influenced some quality attributes at harvest but not during storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.Visual perception requires both visual information and attention. This review compares, across classes of vertebrates, the functional and anatomical
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Smaller tooth size can be favourable from orthodontic point of view in alleviating crowding, but it might further predispose to fracturing of teeth which is a considerable risk associated with dentine abnormality. The shallow jawbones may initiate development of posterior open bite, rare in general population but relatively often encountered in OI.
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PURPOSE To describe a series of impingement lesions found on the anterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle in international cricketers. METHODS Seven international level fast bowlers presented to our clinic with knee pain in the lead leg between 2005 and 2013. The mean age of the patients was 26.7 years (20-29 years). In all patients a careful history and examination was undertaken followed by appropriate investigations. Con
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Whereas mouth and eyebrow movements reliably distinguished emotions for posed and communicative expressions, only eyebrow movements were reliable for spontaneous expressions. In Experiments 3 and 4 we manipulated facial expression speed and demonstrated a quantifiable change in emotion recognition accuracy. That is, in a discovery (N = 29) and replication sample (N = 41), we showed that speeding up facial expressions promotes anger and
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Pharmacoresistant epilepsy causes serious deleterious effects on the patient’s health and quality of life. For this condition, a ketogenic diet (KD) is a treatment option. The KD is a general term for a set of diets that contain high amounts of fat and low content of carbohydrates. The most prominent KD treatments are classical KD (41 ratio of fat to carbohydrate), modified Atkins diet (21 to 11 ratio), medium-chain t
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Fluorine emission from domestic wastewater is a major cause of severe environmental issues. In this paper, the density functional theory has been used to reveal the adsorption properties of F- ions and HF molecules on intrinsic graphene, B-doped graphene, and Al-doped graphene. Throughout the analysis of band structure, geometric structure, adsorption energy, charge transfer, charge density, density of states, and frontie
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Ab initio nuclear theory provides not only a microscopic framework for quantitative description of the nuclear many-body system, but also a foundation for deeper understanding of emergent collective correlations. A symplectic Sp(3,R)⊃U(3) dynamical symmetry is identified in ab initio predictions, from a no-core configuration interaction approach, and found to provide a qualitative understanding of the spectrum of ^7
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It is still unclear whether endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) contrast-enhanced fine-needle aspiration (CH-EUS-FNA) determines superior results in comparison to standard EUS-FNA in tissue acquisition of pancreatic masses. Aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the diagnostic outcomes of these two techniques.
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Iran is one of the earliest countries involved with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In the present short report, we have presented our experiences as a cardiovascular tertiary center during the COVID-19 outbreak. At the beginning, we have pursued our activities in four field of administrative, preventative, therapeutic, and research. Then by gaining new experiences, we have tailored our strateg
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However, the only immunohistochemical marker that is specific for PDAC in the right clinical context is SMAD4. Loss of SMAD4 within atypical glands and ducts supports the diagnosis of PDAC in a limited sample. Unfortunately, this finding is seen only in 50% of PDAC cases. The identification of certain mutations can help support a diagnosis of PDAC when benign conditions are in the differential. At the molecular
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Dairy production is rapidly increasing in developing countries and making significant contributions to health, nutrition, environments, and livelihoods, with the potential for still greater contributions. However, dairy products can also contribute to human disease in many ways, with dairyborne disease likely being the most important. Health risks may be from biological, chemical, physical, or alle
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We report cases of acute angle closure in 2 young highly myopic siblings with Knobloch syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first report of acute angle closure in Knobloch syndrome. Both patients were homozygous for a likely pathogenic variant in COL18A1. Both responded to treatment with cyclophotocoagulation and remained stable despite declining or being medically unfit for clear lens extraction. We argue that
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A protein-protein interaction network revealed 19 hub genes, 12 of them (MCM6, CCNB1, CDC20, NDC80, ZWINT, ASPM, CENPU, MCM3, MCM5, ECT2, CDC7, and DLGAP5) were associated with reduced survival in two HCC cohorts. KEGG, Reactome, and Wikipathway enrichment analysis indicated that the hub genes mainly functioned in DNA replication and cell cycle.
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