Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
67,245 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Notwithstanding the initial excitement, the data obtained so far have been mixed at best in terms of the possibility of multilingualism influencing the neuropathological processes of dementia. This paper summarizes recent findings on multilingualism and the reserve theory, and discusses identified research issues that need to be resolved.Wernicke’s receptive speech area in a multilingual has separately located areas, each s
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248 in vol. #link# 6, PMID 32782985.][This corrects the article on p. 249 in vol. 6, PMID 32782986.][This corrects the article on p. 188 in vol. 6, PMID 32782983.][This corrects the article on p. 273 in vol. 6, PMID 32782994.][This corrects the article on p. 259 in vol. 6, PMID 32782989.][This corrects the article on p. 260 in vol. 6, PMID 32782990.][This corrects the article on p. 274 in vol. 6, PMID
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These results suggested that the extracts mainly induced apoptosis via a mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway. Notably, dichloromethane extract had higher cytotoxic and apoptotic activities than that of methanol extract, against both cancer cell lines, particularly MCF-7 cells. Our results indicate that S. amplexicaulis may serve as a promising source of potent agents for the treatment of human cancers.Colorecta
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In the total cohort, significant differences were observed for CD8+ , CD20+ , and CD204+ cells in tumor islets, and CD8+ , CD20+ , FOXP3+ cells, the CD8/CD204 ratio and the CD20/CD204 ratio in the stroma, indicating their prognostic effect. The prognosis effect of the PD-L1 expression in tumor cells could not be established, possibly associated with intratumoral heterogeneity. CD8, CD20, and CD204 positive TIICs in stro
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A survey of the semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera Heteroptera Gerromorpha) from Alagoas and Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, is presented. Specimens have been obtained mainly during three expeditions carried out in 2018 and 2019. Individuals of 40 species, representing the following 18 genera and five families have been recorded Brachymetra Mayr, 1865, Cylindrostethus Mayr, 1865, Limnogonus Stål, 1868, Neogerris Ma
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