Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
68,859 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Female athletes are more susceptible to sport-related concussions (SRCs) and experience worse outcomes compared with male athletes. Although numerous studies on SRC have compared the outcomes of concussions in male and female athletes after injury, research pertaining to why female athletes have worse outcomes is limited.
To determine the factors that predispose female athletes to m
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To understand osteoporosis screening practices, particularly in men, by a diverse cohort of physicians, including primary care physicians, endocrinologists, and geriatricians.
We surveyed randomly selected members of the American Academy of Family Practice, Endocrine Society, and American Geriatrics Society. Respondents were asked to rate how often they would screen for osteoporosi
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Globally, about 810 women die every day due to pregnancy and its related complications. Although the death of women during pregnancy or childbirth has declined from 342 deaths to 211 deaths per 100,000 live births between 2000 and 2017, maternal mortality is still higher, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where 86% of all deaths occur.
A secondary analysis was c
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現在，有許多借款的工具和資源，例如借用計算機和每月興趣計算機。這些工具會有所幫助
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All team members reported repetitive close contacts among themselves during joint computer work, team meetings and a “Happy Birthday” serenade. Two individuals shared nuts and dates. The arrangement of the office and meeting rooms precluded sufficient adherence to physical distancing. The index case and a further individual were diagnosed with an adenovirus serotype 4 co-infection.
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Perimetry is important in the management of children with glaucoma, but there is limited evidence-based guidance on its use. We report an expert consensus-based study to update guidance and identify areas requiring further research.
Experts were invited to participate in a modified Delphi consensus process. Panel selection was based on clinical experience of managing child
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Complex biogeochemical evolution at forest and agricultural ecosystem levels, coupled with anthropogenic influences, renders δ15N values between -10 and 10‰, which are lower than in marine ecosystems (6-10‰). This article focuses on the interrelationship between DBC and DBN, their global features relative to transport and movement to aquatic bodies, and current methodologies that specifically explore aquat
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Improvements in outcome performance were observed in all the included studies. Children with ANSD fit with CIs can achieve outcomes similar to children with sensorineural hearing loss and CIs, despite the heterogeneity of ANSD. Conclusion These findings have implications for clinical practice and for future research with current CI technology for facilitating parent education, counseling, and realistic expectations for c
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Set type yoghurts are characterised by a semi-solid texture, which is created during the fermentation process. The tea infusion in this type of yoghurt production can influence the quality of the final product. Therefore, the aim of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of the addition of 3, 6 and 9% inulin to oolong tea-infused yoghurts on the sensory quality. It has been evaluated by trained experts
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By gene expression analysis we identified two molecules which could have a role in the altered genome-wide methylation profile the long non-coding RNA Ephemeron, whose rapid upregulation is crucial for ESCs transition into epiblast, and the methyltransferase-like protein Dnmt3l, which, during the embryo development, cooperates with Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b to contribute to the de novo DNA methylation that governs early s
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008). The cost of biological therapies entailed about 80% of the total cost of these diseases. Hospital admission was a factor which contributed to an increasing cost in all these conditions. A longer duration of the biological therapy was associated with lower cost in all the diseases.
The cost of ankylosing spondylitis is lower than that of rheumatoid arthritis and
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Globally, children with CI obtained lower scores in the APL Medea battery than typically hearing children. However, focusing on the Medea tasks separately, children with CIs differed from their hearing peers only in Comics and Colors Game tasks. Finally, age of implantation was a moderate but significant predictor of pragmatic performance.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06885.].Artificial reefs may e
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the increased demands of health facilities and workers due to coronavirus overwhelm the already burdened Tanzanian health systems. This study evaluates the current capacity of facilities and providers for HIV care and treatment services and their preparedness to adhere to the national and global precaution guidelines for HIV service providers and patients.
data for this study
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Adsorption / desorption of petroleum hydrocarbons in expanded clay was observed, which might not hinder but delay biodegradation. Very few cases of hydrogen isotope fractionation were recorded in expanded clay and sand & biochar filters during decane biodegradation. In sand filters, decane was biodegraded more slowly and hydrogen isotope fractionation was visible. Still, the range of observed apparent kinetic hy
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Recognising the Signs That it is Time to Replace a uPVC Door Lock Mechanism
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Overall, isolation and characterization results indicated the potential for CNCs preparation using sugarcane straw, in addition to offering a fundamental understanding of this material and indicating potential applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Overall, isolation and characterization results indicated the potential for CNCs preparation using
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e., greater emotional behavior) was associated with greater anxiety. Associations were not found for the startle suppression condition, depression, or self-report measures of emotion regulation. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that caregivers who are unable to suppress emotional behavior in response to disgusting stimuli may be at greater risk for anxiety. Given high levels of anxiety in caregivers, it may b
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38-1.66 for those CCI ≥ 2). In addition, patients with chronic pulmonary disease, cancer, and congestive heart failure were predominant in NIV users and were significantly associated with NIV use. Overall, the use of NIV has markedly increased over the past few years. Persons of advanced age, women, patients admitted to a high-level hospital, and patients with multiple comorbidities were as
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s insight and a sound direction for health profession programs seeking to design IPE experiences that will aid in elevating the standard of healthcare and improving patient outcomes, by creating a collaborative ready workforce.
A diverse team of health professionals provided annual workshops on clinical supervision and interprofessional learning opportunities to clinical educators in order to enhance supervisory ski
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The oven is an appliance in the kitchen that is commonly used to cook food items. The heat from the oven sterilizes foods and kills most of the micro-organisms present in them.
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Both sets of the 1Ay introgression lines reduced dough-mixing time compared to the recurrent parent Livingston. The results also showed that 1Ay21* had a higher potential to improve the baking quality than 1AyT1 under the Livingston genetic background. Both alleles showed the potential to be utilized in breeding programs to improve the breadmaking quality.Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have common
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We believe that education using this framework in the medical school and postgraduate curricula would significantly improve recognition of dying patients. This would serve to stimulate earlier conversations, more shared decision-making, and ultimately better outcomes in palliative care and patient experience.
Incivility is one of the most prevalent forms of interpersonal mistreatment.
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82 [2.46-9.43]), prior solid tumor (OR 3.8 [1.24-11.59]) and active infection (OR 1.82 [1.06-3.12]). Further, allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AlloHSCT) was performed in 8.2% in CR1. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 34.8%. In a multivariate analysis, several factors were independently associated with a worse OS, including secondary AML (hazard ratio [HR] 2.14 [1.15-4.01]) and unfavorable cytogeneti
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The protective symbiont H. defensa does thus not modify the olfactory sensitivity to the alarm pheromone. How EBF sensitivity is modified between genotypes or biotypes remains to be investigated.Ice-building up on the leading edge of wings and other surfaces exposed to icing atmospheric conditions can negatively influence the aerodynamic performances of aircrafts. In the past, research activities focused on un
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Indoor wood burning produces fine particle pollution and other harmful air pollutants like carbon monoxide volatile organic compounds benzene, and nitrogen oxides. These pollutants can cause irritation to the lungs and also cause health problems.
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To effectively manipulate the bone, particularly in the growing patient, the craniofacial surgeon must understand the principles related to bone-based reconstruction. A theory of craniofacial growth that is both biologically accurate and clinical
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Azoles are five-membered heterocycles often found in the backbones of peptidic natural products and synthetic peptidomimetics. Here, we report a method of ribosomal synthesis of azole-containing peptides involving specific ribosomal incorporation of a bromovinylglycine derivative into the nascent peptide chain and its chemoselective conversion to a unique azole structure. The chemoselective conversion was a
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Background Malaria is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Moreover, the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs is a major problem in controlling the disease. This makes the development of novel antimalarial drugs a necessity. Medicinal plants are important sources in discovering antimalarial drugs. Schinus molle is claimed for its antimalarial effect in Ethiopian folkloric medicine and endowed with
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We expect that this demonstration will encourage the use of the EFOV-US method to increase the pool of muscles, both in healthy and impaired populations, for which we have in vivo muscle fascicle length data.Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms that rely on a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance for protection and structural integrity. The nosocomial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is known to
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Finally, an animal model of blood Cr(VI) poisoning is constructed and used to test the removal ability of Cr(VI) from pig blood in vivo, verifying the effectiveness of this blood Cr(VI) removal strategy, providing a possible way to design more efficient and biosafe therapeutic agents for blood purification.Multifunctional hydrogels have important applications in various fields such as artificial muscles, wearable devices, soft robotics
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While engraftment at both internet sites creates laminated intestinal frameworks, a primary comparison between designs have not however already been carried out. Embryonic stem cells were classified into HIOs, as previously explained. HIOs through the same batch had been transplanted on a single time into either the RSS or mesentery. 10 days were allowed for engraftment
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Two independent reviewers will conduct the search, extract the data, assess risk of bias (using the Downs and Black Scale) for the included studies and assess overall quality of evidence based on Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines. Meta-analysis will be conducted if deemed appropriate. Alternatively, a narrative synthesis will be conducted and evidenc
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001), sustained attention (P=0.001), and simple reaction time (P=0.001) were significantly disturbed. The combined effects of noise and low air temperature on working memory, sustained attention, and reaction time were higher than the effect of each of them individually. As compared with air temperature, noise has a larger effect on working memory, sustained attention, and reaction time in the test conf
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Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome (CMMRD) is the most aggressive cancer predisposition syndrome associated with multiorgan cancers, often presenting in childhood. There is variability in age and presentation o
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In mouse cortex, only BD-15 modulated the enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent inhibition curve. These results demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of these compounds is not related to NKA inhibition. The substitutions in the lactone ring of digoxin led to an increase in the cytotoxic concentration in tumor cells, which may not be interesting for cancer, but i
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There is a significant increase in aqueous humor flare in patients with DED. Such finding, which is a marker of disruption of blood-aqueous barrier, demonstrates deeper tissue involvement than ocular surface in these patients.
There is a significant increase in aqueous humor flare in patients with DED. Such finding, which is a marker of disruption of
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Older children may have a higher risk of infection and increasing testing in intermediate and high school aged children may be indicated.
The lower proportion of tests positive in children less then 10 years of age suggests they are appropriately tested relative to their rates of disease. A large high school-associated cluster makes the higher proportion of tests positive in children 10-14 years
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While drug-loaded microparticles (MPs) can serve as drug reservoirs for sustained drug release and therapeutic effects, needle clogging by MPs poses a challenge for ocular drug delivery via injection. Two polymers commonly used in ophthalmic procedures-hyaluronic acid (HA) and methylcellulose (MC)-have been tested for their applicability for ocular injections. HA and MC were physically blended with sunitinib malate (SUN)
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Design-based research (DBR) processes aim to connect educational research with instructional techniques by focusing on the development and evaluation of multiple iterations of learning activities for systematic improvement within learning environments. Desirable difficulties (DD) are purposeful challenges introduced to facilitate deeper learning of material. The purpose of this work was to eval
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Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we further showed that ZC4H2 accelerates TRPV4 turnover at the plasma membrane. Overall, these data demonstrate that ZC4H2 is a positive modulator of TRPV4, and suggest a link between TRPV4 and ZC4H2-associated rare disorders, which have several neuromuscular symptoms in common with TRPV4-pathies.Protein degradation is tightly regulated inside
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Based on the COR theory, this is the first study to argue that knowledge sharing could be considered as an active activity and that individuals could be eager to perform knowledge sharing when they possess significant personal and external resources. The results of this study provide new insights into knowledge sharing.In network models of spiking neurons, the joint impact of network structure and synap
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MPs in soil decreased the soil’s intrinsic capacity to retain pesticides, indicating the possibility of a greater mobility of pesticides on MPs through the soil system.In this study, different organic acids-such as citric, acetic, lactic, propionic, and butyric acid-were evaluated to ascertain the optimum leaching solvent for dechlorinating fly ash. Results suggest that the acid type, concentration, and int
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The patients were divided into two groups according to median max-LCBI4mm of 120 as follows low- [n = 20] and high- [n = 20] LCBI groups. The overall mean Max-LCBI4mm was 120 ± 86. No differences in baseline characteristics, including prevalence of dyslipidemia, were found between both groups, as well as in the gray-scale IVUS parameters. The severity of the MD was greater in the high-LCBI group than in the low-LCBI group (16
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Self-regulated learning (SRL) is an important contributing element to the academic success of students. Literature suggests that the understanding of SRL among medical students is obscure as there is still some uncertainty about whether high performing medical students use SRL. This study explored the characteristics of high performing medical students from the SRL perspective to gain a be
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