Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states.
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
69,824 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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This study considers an adaptive neural-network (NN) periodic event-triggered control (PETC) problem for switched nonlinear systems (SNSs). In the system, only the system output is available at sampling instants. A novel adaptive law and a state observer are constructed by using only the sampled system output. A new output-feedback adaptive NN PETC strategy is developed to reduce the usage o
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We argue that these habits can be linked to the presence of proportionally even more health infrastructure into the biggest locations and a lower life expectancy percentage of older adults in large urban areas. We also find the initial growth price of cases and fatalities become higher in big towns and cities; nevertheless, these growth rates tend to decline in
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Which model holds the most accurate information remains undecided since none of the three models represents a ground truth. Meanwhile, it can be concluded that all three models are equivalent in representing sagittal plane gait kinematics in clinical gait analysis. The aim of this study was to clarify the strategy used by basketball players during free-throw shooting to improve performance in the presence of mot
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Despite the fact that researchers have made significant progress in elucidating pathophysiology of esophageal diseases, the understanding of esophageal motility alterations in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis is in its infancy and current published medical literature remains rather scarce on this topic. A growing body of scientific data regarding associations between esophageal motor disorders such as ac
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In conclusion, this study demonstrates that adult HI mice have motor and cognitive deficits and could be useful models for preclinical stroke research.Since the first case of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was confirmed in Wuhan, China, social distancing has been promoted worldwide, including in the United States, as a major community mitigation strategy. However, our understanding remains limited in how people would re
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Occurrence of multiple abiotic stresses in a single crop season has become more frequent than before. Most of the traditional donors possessing tolerance to abiotic stresses are tall, low-yielding with poor grain quality. To facilitate efficient use of complex polygenic traits in rice molecular breeding research, we undertook development of introgression lines in background of high-yielding, semi-dwarf varieties
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This study indicates that seaward distance has an important effect on SOC stocks in the Lindi region of Tanzania. SOC should be fully incorporated into national climate change mitigation policies. Studies should report seaward distance and to describe the type of mangrove stand to make results easily comparable across sites and to assess the true value of Blue Carbon in Africa. We recommend focusing on trees > 10c
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Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV infection was demonstrated to be efficacious and safe earlier this decade from pivotal studies using oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Regulatory approval and normative guidance, now for almost 70 countries worldwide, has followed. Demonstration projects have shown high uptake and population-level HIV reductions, highlighti
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When to Replace uPVC Door Locks
If your upvc door lock isn’t locking or closing correctly it could need to be replaced. To determine the type of lock you’re using, look for a brand’s name on the faceplate of the mechanism.
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How to Choose corner wood burning stove that isn’t expensive can provide warm, cozy heat for your home at a fraction of the cost of other heating methods. It’s crucial to choose a model that’s the right size for your home. If you purchase a stove that’s too large it will use up fuel and create excess heat.
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There are many styles of door locks and handles that will suit every home. Some have smart features to make it easier to unlock the door. This includes keyless entry and biometric recognition.
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Our results demonstrate BiPepGlut is able to significantly outperform previously proposed models to tackle this problem. BiPepGlut achieves 92.0%, 84.8%, 95.6%, 0.82, and 0.88 in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient, and F1-score, respectively. BiPepGlut is implemented as a publicly available online predictor.Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most lethal malignancies due to an often de
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66%, and the average matrix effects (MEs) were 86.23-109.96%. The high extraction recoveries and acceptable MEs indicated that the pretreatment method was feasible. And the stability was acceptable under various storage conditions and processing procedures. The validated method was successfully applied to the multiple components-PK studies, which lay the foundation for further pharmacological and clinical research o
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Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a dominant and highly penetrant monogenic disorder present from birth that markedly elevates plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentration and, if untreated, leads to premature atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). There are approximately 100,000 people with FH in Australia. However, an overwhelming majority of those affected remain undetect
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Heart rate, body temperature, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and SPO2 are taken into consideration in the fuzzy-based evaluation system for EWS. The data produced in the Riverbed has been provided in a realistic manner because the real human vital sign values are considered during generating vital signs.
Using real-time Riverbed Modeler health data
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BACKGROUND Subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy has been increasingly performed in recent years. This study aimed to assess the differences in outcomes between subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy with and without chest tube drainage. METHODS Overall, 205 subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy operations were performed for myasthenia gravis, including 90 cases without and 115 cases with chest tube drainage. The clini
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51 and 0.5 wt.% CaO catalyst at 180 °C in the palm oil transesterification. The catalyst can be reused for at least 3 times with the conversion higher than 94.0%. In addition, the activation energy (Ea), enthalpy of activation (ΔH‡), entropy of activation (ΔS‡) and Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG‡) are also obtained.In this paper, we investigated the sedative-hypnotic effect of Cinnamomum camphora chvar. Borneo
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All but one of the studies were observational and cross-sectional. Men reported that sharing information helped them deal with their diagnosis and treatment side effects. They also gained a sense of camaraderie with men who shared similar experiences. Due to divergent methodologies and reporting standards, assessment regarding OPCaC efficacy is not possible.
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium are important causative agents of infections in humans. Like all other mycoplasmas, these species possess genomes that are significantly smaller than that of other prokaryotes. Moreover, both organisms possess an exceptionally compact set of DNA recombination and repair-associated genes. These genes, however, are sufficient to generate antigenic variation by means
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A catheter allowing a release of antibacterial substances such as antiseptics into the bladder could be a new way of preventing biofilm formation and subsequent catheter-associated urinary tract infections.
Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) dete
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Enteral nutrition is part of the treatment plan designed for a great number of critically ill patients. After a first description in ancient Egypt, enteral nutrition was only rapidly developed during the last century. Advances in indications, tube feeding methods, enteral formula selection, diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal-related complications, efficacy monitorization, and use of protocols for enteral nutrition admi
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001 for both). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, pre-transplant diabetes was associated with an increased risk of post-transplant mortality and four-point MACE (hazard ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.05-3.44, P=0.034; and hazard ratio 1.75; 95% confidence interval 1.02-3.00, P=0.043, respectively). The associations between pre-transplant diabetes status an
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In vivo CSF1-R inhibition caused M2 reduction and repolarization towards M1 macrophages and antitumor effect cooperating with anti-CD20 rituximab. In summary, these results support the role of macrophages in FL pathogenesis and indicate that CSF-1R may be a relevant prognostic factor and a novel therapeutic target cooperating with anti-CD20 immunotherapy.Genome-wide association studies identified a
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Respiration-introduced tumor location uncertainty is a challenge in lung percutaneous interventions, especially for the respiratory motion estimation of the tumor and surrounding vessel structures. In this work, a local motion modeling method is proposed based on whole-chest computed tomography (CT) and CT-fluoroscopy (CTF) scans. A weighted sparse statistical modeling (WSSM) method that can accurately capture lo
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One case from group B with macroscopically normal-appearing GB had invasive carcinoma on microscopy. In our study, we found a sensitivity of 85.71% and specificity of 95.44%, while positive predictive value (PPV) was 91.11% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 99.65% of macroscopic abnormality in the diagnosis of invasive carcinoma. Conclusion All cholecystectomy specimens must be examined by histopathologists wh
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less access to appropriate care during pregnancy for immigrant/ethnic minority women can lead to worse health outcomes and higher costs for health services.
to conduct a systematic review of studies on the economic evaluation of maternal and child healthcare among immigrants and racial/ethnic minority groups in advanced economy countries.
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Anxiety disorders form the most common group of mental disorders and generally start before or in early adulthood. Core features include excessive fear and anxiety or avoidance of perceived threats that are persistent and impairing. Anxiety disorders involve dysfunction in brain circuits that respond to danger. Risk for anxiety disorders is influenced b
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Crucial oil supplemented groups did actually contain the greatest (P less then 0.05) villus level in ileum and villus height/crypt depth ratio in ileum and jejunum among all the groups. Meanwhile, among most of the groups, breast muscles of crucial oil-supplemented teams did actually retain the lowest (P = 0.012) boiling reduction but greatest (P less then 0.001) focus of inosinic
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In two autumns, individuals with large brains were captured later compared to individuals with small brains, consistent with the hypothesis that such individuals survived for longer. Avian prey of pygmy owls had smaller heads than live birds in autumn 2018 when predation risk by pygmy owls was high. This difference in head size was not significant in 2017 when predation risk by pygmy owls was reduced. Finally,
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This work presents a bibliographic review about almond kernel non-lipid components, in particular about the protein fraction, the carbohydrates and the mineral fraction. In addition, other fat-soluble phytochemicals which are present in minor concentrations but show important antioxidant activities are reviewed. Almond kernel is a rich protein food (8.4-35.1%), in which the globulin-albumin fraction dominates,
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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies are valued for the pollination services that they provide. However, colony mortality has increased to unsustainable levels in some countries, including the United States. Landscape conversion to monocrop agriculture likely plays a role in this increased mortality by decreasing the food sources available to honey bees. Many land owners and organizations in the Upper Midwest
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uidelines for managing children with large CDR and interocular CDR asymmetry.
Several randomized controlled studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of 0.01% atropine eye drops on myopia progression in children. However, treatment effects may be different in a routine clinical setting. We performed a retrospective analysis of our clinical data from children to investigate the effect of 0.01% at
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The results suggest that Deep Learning with X-ray imaging may extract significant biomarkers related to the Covid-19 disease, while the best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained is 96.78%, 98.66%, and 96.46% respectively. Since by now, all diagnostic tests show failure rates such as to raise concerns, the probability of incorporating X-rays into the diagnosis of
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Introduction Although educational attainment and income are protective against tobacco use, Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory posits that the protective effects of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators may be smaller for marginalized groups than mainstream social groups. We aimed to compare the effects of educational attainment and income on current smoking status of Chinese American and Europea
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Incubation at 37°C enhanced adherence after 30 s or 5 days of contact time, and adherence after 1 h of contact time was increased in low-salt medium. Broth inoculum cultures were highly influenced by medium salinity and incubation temperature, whereas plate and biphasic inoculum cultures were only minimally affected. Therefore, inocula prepared from bacteria grown on plates or in biphasic culture would be most suitable for eval
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The present study aimed to identify the systemic risk indicators associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in individuals with implant-supported fixed prostheses.
In this cross-sectional study, clinical evaluations of periodontal and peri-implant conditions were performed by a single examiner in a sample of 71 volunteers with 360 implants. Peri-
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Sahrmann five-level core stability test protocol has been used to evaluate the ability of the core muscles to stabilize the spine. However, validation studies on the Sahrmann protocol are limited.
The purpose of this study was to compare the different levels of Sahrmann five-level core stability (levels 1-5) on the muscle activity of rectus abdominis (R
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Why Landlords Need to Get a Gas Certificate
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This cross-sectional electronic online or telephone survey assessed the attitudes and behaviors regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and the effect of different factors among a nationally representative random sample of 349 general practitioners (GPs) in Italy. A semi-structured interview was performed between September 2018 and October 2020. Almost all respondents considered the HPV vaccine safe with an
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Tracheoesophageal puncture with voice prosthesis placement remains the gold standard for voice restoration following total laryngectomy, but may cause various complications. This study aims to summarize patient-related and device-related adverse events associated with tracheoesophageal puncture and voice prosthesis placement.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Manufacturer and User Facility
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