Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states.
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
70,809 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on neonates remains largely unknown in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We provide an epidemiologic and clinical report of SARS-CoV-2 infections in neonates hospitalized in Bangladesh.
Outborn neonates admitted to Dhaka Shishu Hospital, a tertiary-care referral hospital, between 29 March and 1 July were screened for SARS-CoV-2. We reviewed clini
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The correlation analysis of skin lipid alterations with the microbiome showed that Staphylococcus colonization in AD is positively correlated with ceramide subspecies AS, ADS, NS and NDS.
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Rod-shaped gold-silver core-shells (AuNR@Ag) were synthesized for an analysis of the amplification of Raman scattering (surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS). The microscopy characterization confirmed a hierarchically structured nanoparticle with well-defined size and morphology, however, with a degree of dispersion in terms of shell thickness and symmetry of Ag deposition. In this paper, we analyze the possibl
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The general factor was positively associated with motivation for military service, indicating some measurement bias. The openness scale is less clearly psychometrically defined, compared to the other scales, and both extroversion and openness show some evidence of multidimensionality. The scales also showed scalar invariance between genders except for the openness scale. Overall, the results support the use of NMPI-
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Conclusion We profiled human milk mycobiota in a well-characterised cohort of mother-infant dyads and provide evidence of possible host-environment interactions in fungal inoculation. Further research is required to establish the role of breastfeeding in delivering fungi to the developing infant, and to assess the health impact of the milk microbiota in its entirety, including both bacterial and fungal components.Back
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Our findings point to the clinical significance of in-ICU glucose control in severe COVID patients.
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Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) identification is one of the most meaningful approaches towards early cancer diagnosis. However, effective and practical methods for analyzing this emerging class of biomarkers are still lacking. In this work, a biosensor based on nitrophenyl functionalized black phosphorus nanosheets (NP-BPs) is fabricated for sensitive and selective detection of ctDNA. In this work, a nitrophenyl function
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Affinity maturation of U33, a recombinant Fab inhibitor of uPA, was used to improve the affinity and the inhibitory effect compared to the parental Fab. Arginine scanning of the six CDR loops of U33 was done to identify initial binding determinants since uPA prefers arginine in its primary substrate binding pocket. Two CDR loops were selected to create an engineered affinity maturation li
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To determine the frequency and association of single nucleotide polymorphism of transcription cell factor7-like2 rs7903146 (C>T) in metabolic syndrome patients with and without acute coronary syndrome.
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Antibiotics that use novel mechanisms are needed to combat antimicrobial resistance1-3. Teixobactin4 represents a new class of antibiotics with a unique chemical scaffold and lack of detectable resistance. Teixobactin targets lipid II, a precursor of peptidoglycan5. Here we unravel the mechanism of teixobactin at the atomic level using a combination of solid-state NMR, microscopy, in vivo assays and molecular d
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OBJECTIVES Increasing antimicrobial resistance has renewed interest in older, less used antimicrobials. Cotrimoxazole shows promise; however hyperkalaemia and acute kidney injury (AKI) are potential complications. Identifying risk factors for, and quantification of, these events is required for safe-use. This study aims to evaluate predictors of cotrimoxazole-associated AKI and hyperkalaemia in a clinical setting. METHOD Pa
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Alopecia areata (AA) is the most common immune-mediated hair loss disorder with a life-time prevalence of 2%. The pathogenesis of AA is not completely understood, but interferon gamma (INF-γ) and Janus kinases (JAK) may play a key role. Here, we present a case involving a male patient with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, who exhibited a rapid hair loss, diagnosed as AA, during ciclosporin treatment. As ciclosporin wa
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Relational aggression-or behavior intended to harm the relationships of its victims-has been the focus of interdisciplinary study across developmental, clinical, personality, and social psychology in the last several decades. One of the primary measures used to assess relational aggression in youth is the Children’s Social Behavior Scale (CSBS; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995), but despite its common usage,
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