Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
323,954 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Desistence was less common, ranging from 35% of those who transitioned from sexual harassment to non-perpetration to 20% for those who transitioned from multiple perpetration to sexual harassment, and from multiple perpetration to non-perpetration. Escalation was least common, ranging from 2% who transitioned from non-perpetration to multiple perpetration to 26% who transitioned from non-perpetration to sexual hara
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Upon excitation with vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, diamond with nitrogen vacancies (DNV) emits strong photoluminescence (PL) in the wavelength region of 550-800 nm. The spectral profiles of the DNV in the PL spectra appear to be strongly dependent on the temperature of the diamond. Moreover, all PL spectra intersect at one isosbestic point, 570 nm; this result is evidence that the
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lar organization of the PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCI supercomplexes from the freshwater green alga Chlorella sorokiniana, which belongs to Trebouxiophyceae. The obtained results showed that the supramolecular organizations of the photosystem supercomplexes in C. sorokiniana were essentially the same as those of the model green alga C. reinhardtii, which belongs to Chlorophyceae, namely PSII-LHCII supercomplex formed the C2
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Bartonella bacilliformis a gram-negative facultative aerobe responsible for the Carrion’s disease widely distributed in Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia with a high mortality rate when no specific treatment is received. B bacilliformis is transmitted by Sand fly (Lutzomyia verrucarum) to healthy individuals. Immunoinformatic and subtractive proteomics approaches were employed in this study to prioritize the best
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This approach demonstrates significant computational savings when approaching the full nonlinear inverse problem of optical property estimation using stochastic methods.
This approach demonstrates significant computational savings when approaching the full nonlinear inverse problem of optical property estimation using stochastic methods.Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a dis
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Epileptic seizures, sleep, and circadian timing share bilateral interactions, but concerted work to characterize these interactions and to leverage them to the advantage of patients with epilepsy remains in beginning stages. To further the field, a multidisciplinary group of sleep physicians, epileptologists, circadian timing experts, and others met to outline the state of the art, gaps of knowledge, and suggest wa
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Experiments 2 and 3 examined item-context (i.e., source) associative memory with participants studying words in different spatial positions continuously intermixed with source-monitoring tests (presented on top vs. on bottom vs. new?) across interference-filled lags (Experiment 3 controlling for delay/decay-based effects). In all experiments, item memory declined from the first lag on. In contrast, associative memory initia
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In the future, the entire society will fully understand the special role of older adults and increase their value through social engagement to achieve active and healthy aging in China.Captopril challenge test (CCT) is a simple and safe confirmatory test for primary aldosteronism (PA). We investigated the effectiveness of the indices after captopril administration for prediction of unilateral hyperaldosteronism (UHA) on adrenal v
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This article reminds urologists and oncologists that haemangioma can involve the vas deferens and, in addition to spermatic granuloma, might be a cause of post-vasectomy pain syndrome. Cauterization of the vas deferens might have a potential relationship with haemangioma.The main aim of current pediatric male fertility preservation programs is storing spermatogonia stem cell (SSC) prior to starting cancer tr
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To update our prior multi-institutional experience with robotic ureteroplasty with buccal mucosa graft and analyze our intermediate-term outcomes. Although our previous multi-institutional report provided significant insight into the safety and efficacy associated with robotic ureteroplasty with buccal mucosa graft, it was limited by small patient numbers.
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A thrombin-induced thrombus was pre-injected into the right distal external carotid-maxill
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State-of-the art selection methods fail to identify weak but cumulative effects of features found in many high-dimensional omics datasets. Nevertheless, these features play an important role in certain diseases. We present Netboost, a three-step dimension reduction technique. First, a boosting-based filter is combined with the topological overlap measure to identify the essential edges of the network. Second,
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Furthermore, the increase in the CD8 percentage was inversely correlated with the reduction in pVL (r = -0.77, p = 0.0013).
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Thiourea can effectively inhibit the formation of highly toxic chlorinated aromatics in postcombustion zone. However, was still not adequately understood. In this study, naphthalene was adopted as a model aromatic compound to investigate the inhibition effect and mechanism of thiourea on the formation of chlorinated aromatics via electrophilic chlorination over Cu and Fe chlorides. Thiourea addition
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The importance of behavioral evolution during speciation is well established, but we know little about how this is manifest in sensory and neural systems. A handful of studies have linked specific neural changes to divergence in host or mate preferences associated with speciation. However, the degree to which brains are adapted to local environmental conditions, and whether this contributes to reproductive isolation betwee
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