Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
76,221 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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An increasing use of beta-blockers in dermatology has been described over the last 10 years, despite the fact that their use in diseases other than infantile hemangiomas is off-label. This review discusses the emerging role of topical beta-blockers in the treatment of infantile hemangioma, but also pyogenic granuloma, Kaposi sarcoma, wounds and nail paronychia. Data in literature demonstrate that topical beta-blockers
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We investigated the aluminium-salen complex MBR-8 as a potential anti-cancer agent. To see apoptotic effects induced by MBR-8, alone and in combination with common cytostatic drugs, DNA-fragmentations were studied using the flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analysis and measurement of the mitochondrial membrane potential with a JC-1 dye were employed to identify the pathway of apoptosis. An impressive overcoming of multidrug-
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RESULTS Ninety-one influencing factors were identified fourteen in “dosage forms”, five in “product characteristics”, twelve in “dosage schemes”, nine in “additional instructions”, thirty-one in “patient characteristics” and twenty in “process characteristics”. CONCLUSIONS Although the findings are limited by the non-systematic search process and the heterogeneous results, the search shows the influence o
HarderKragelund0029
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CONCLUSIONS This study implied that letrozole combined with a higher fat diet for 27 days could induce the PCOS-IR rat model which includes the qualities of ovarian polycystic modifications and endocrine and metabolic disorders.BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of mind and neck disease epidemic in south China and southeast Asia. LeiGongTe
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orts various formats of input data and produces high-quality figures suitable for publication. Y-LineageTracker is coded with Python3 and supports Windows, Linux, and macOS platforms, and can be installed manually or via the Python Package Index (PyPI). The source code, examples, and manual of Y-LineageTracker are freely available at https//www.picb.ac.cn/PGG/resource.php or CodeOcean ( https//codeocean.com
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alata or S. grayanoides. By contrast, the global scale cpDNA phylogenetic tree demonstrates that the eastern North America/Caribbean clade is sister to a clade comprising the three eastern Asian species. In addition, the monophyletic S. takesimensis is deeply embedded within paraphyletic S. alata, sharing its most recent common ancestor with populations from Japan/Sakhalin. Two divergent, geographically structured c
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The thermal conductivity (κ) of nonmetals is determined by the constituent atoms, the crystal structure and interatomic potentials. Although the group-IV elemental solids Si, Ge and diamond have been studied extensively, a detailed understanding of the connection between the fundamental features of their energy landscapes and their thermal transport properties is still lacking. Here, starting from first principl
CooleyPhilipsen1949
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談到搜索引擎優化（SEO），這不是只是一個技術過程，但是策略那應該理解市場及其操作方法。SEO的目的會增強排行與網站進入搜索引擎結果頁面（SERP），因此增加可見性和流量與網站。因此，幾乎任何公司渴望蓬勃發展數字世界，了解SEO的基本概念和實踐真的很重要。
在香港，尤其是與數字化的加速度，很多公司有開始意識到的意義seo.hong kong seo提供各種服務，包括關鍵詞研究，內容創建，網站優化等提供幫助公司改善他們的排名搜尋引擎例如Google。這些服務是不限進行簡單的技術優化，但另外包括對市場趨勢和用戶行為的分析，進一步改善總體表現的網站。
香港SEO專家通常使用許多SEO查詢和分析工具確保這
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The aim of this study was to assess 1-year clinical outcomes among high-risk patients with failed surgical mitral bioprostheses who underwent transseptal mitral valve-in-valve (MViV) with the SAPIEN 3 aortic transcatheter heart valve (THV) in the MITRAL (Mitral Implantation of Transcatheter Valves) trial.
The MITRAL trial is the first prospective study evaluating transseptal MViV with the SA
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HyperDocs are interactive, digital teaching and learning materials created, disseminated, and remixed by educators. To date, HyperDocs have not been the subject of published, peer-reviewed research. To address this research gap, we engaged in exploratory, primarily qualitative research to systematically examine how and why teachers use HyperDocs. We used an online survey to gather data on educators’ (N = 261) uses
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There is no clear recommended treatment at this time, although intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids and plasma exchange have been used. Intensive therapies and rehab services have shown benefit in maximising function, and surgical interventions may be considered in cases without optimal response to therapies. Close attention should also be paid to psychosocial factors. Prognosis is generally guarded, and add
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After data normalization, we observed that incubation with EBV(+) exosomes induced CXCL10 and CCL2 secretion by MDMs. MDMs differentiated from patients with active disease were better secretors of CXCL10 and other interferon-γ-inducible chemokines, including CCL2 and CXCL9, than MDMs from healthy and stable MS groups. MDMs from active patients had a higher frequency of a CD14(++) subset that correlated with the
BuckRitchie7846
Tacrolimus mouse
BACKGROUND Autologous osteochondral grafting (OG) is an option in the treatment of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (COCD). However, radiographic healing after this procedure has not been well documented. PURPOSE To develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based scoring system specific for evaluating healing after single-plug OG in COCD and to evaluate correlation between radiographic healing and
WeinreichRosenthal6888
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Plumbing emergencies can take a variety of forms. Some examples include leaky pipes, toilets that are flooded, and boiler problems. Other issues can be more serious like a carbon monoxide or gas leak.
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Reducing exposure to cigarette smoke is an imperative for public health and for patients with diabetes. Increasingly, combustion-free nicotine delivery systems (C-F NDS) such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products are substituting conventional cigarettes and accelerating the downward trends in smoking prevalence. However, there is limited information about the long-term health impact in patients with diabetes wh
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Also, it is equally important to maintain our immunity, and natural products and Ayurvedic medicines are indispensable in this regard. In this review, we discuss recent updates regarding various therapeutic approaches to combat COVID-19 pandemic and enlist the major pipeline drugs and traditional medicines that are under trial for COVID-19. Also, possible mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis are discussed, which furth
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An explanation of this phenomenon was found in the complex effect of changing the ratio of grain volume/grain boundaries and increasing the concentration of thermally activated diffuse gold atoms from the sublayer to the NiFe film.Background Predictive biomarkers of response to chemotherapy plus antiangiogenic for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are lacking. The objective of this study was to test
McLambCrawford0214
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The low-lying vibrational levels up to 550 cm-1 are obtained variationally for J = 0. Two series of sublevels of the ground vibrational state are obtained eight components localized in G1 lying between 0.0 and 0.3 cm-1 and eight sublevels localized in G2 lying between 138.1 and 138.4 cm-1. The gap between both sets is lower in CH2OD-CH2OD and more dispersed in the monodeuterated variety.Oral Squamous Ce
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replication studies in external datasets are warranted.Double lipoxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids having at least three methylene-interrupted double bonds can be made by two lipoxygenases, e.g. 5- and 12-LOX, or 15-LOX only, followed by reduction of the hydroperoxide products through the glutathione peroxidase action. Several biological activities have been reported for such a double 15-LOX p
RandolphRobbins5131
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The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in cell proliferation, immunoinflammatory response, hypoxia and angiogenesis, which are critical biological processes in lung cancer. Our aim was to study the association of putatively functional genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for proteins involved in RAS, hypoxia and angiogenesis with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis.
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Identification of somatic mutations in key oncogenes in melanoma is important to lead the effective and efficient use of personalized anticancer treatment. Conventional methods focus on few genes per run and, therefore, are unable to screen for multiple genes simultaneously. The use of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies enables sequencing of multiple canc
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Most prostate cancers are classified as acinar adenocarcinoma. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a distinct histologic entity that is believed to represent retrograde spread of invasive acinar adenocarcinoma into prostatic ducts and acini. We have analyzed the impact of IDC-P in hormonal naïve and castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer patients.
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KGaA, Weinheim.Revealing the spatial scaling patterns of microbial diversity is of special interest in microbial ecology. One critical question is whether the observed spatial turnover rate truly reflect the actual spatial patterns of extremely diverse microbial communities. Using simulated mock communities, this study suggested that the currently observed microbial spatial turnover rates were overestim
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Escherichia coli single-strand (ss) DNA binding protein (SSB) is an essential protein that binds ssDNA intermediates formed during genome maintenance. SSB homotetramers bind ssDNA in two major modes, differing in occluded site size and cooperativity. The (SSB)35 mode in which ssDNA wraps, on average, around two subunits is favored at low [NaCl] and high SSB/DNA ratios and displays high unlimited, near
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The prevalence of ECG abnormalities was 63%. A logistic regression model showed that strain pattern and T-wave alterations were predictors of mortality (odds ratio [OR] 12.970, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.519-110.723, P = .019; OR 3.873, 95% CI 1.135-13.215, P = .031, respectively) and mRs at 90 days (OR 12.557, 95% CI 1.671-94.374, P = .014; OR 15.970, 95% CI 3.671-69.479, P less then .001, respectively) after str
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The development of single-photon counting detectors and arrays has made tremendous steps in recent years, not the least because of various new applications, e.g., LIDAR devices. In this work, a 3D imaging device based on real thermal light intensity interferometry is presented. By using gated SPAD technology, a basic 3D scene is imaged in reasonable measurement time. Compared to conventional appr
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Purpose of review This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding how environmental adjuvants promote the development of asthma. Recent findings Asthma is a heterogeneous set of lung pathologies with overlapping features. Human studies and animal models suggest that exposure to different environmental adjuvants activate distinct immune pathways, which in turn give rise to distinct forms, or endotypes, of
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The aim of this study was to compare the fractal dimensions (FDs) of peri-implant trabecular bone around 2-implant-supported overdentures with the FDs around 4-implant-supported ove
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Despite the recent advances in sequencing technologies, the complete assembly of multi-chromosome genomes of the Vibrionaceae, often containing several plasmids, remains challenging. Using a combination of Oxford Nanopore MinION long reads and short Illumina reads, we fully sequenced, closed and curated the genomes of two strains of a primary aquatic pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida isolated
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Breast cancer patients often experience symptoms that adversely affect their quality of life. It is understood that many of these symptoms tend to cluster together while they might have different manifestations and occur during different phases of the disease trajectory, the symptoms often have a common aetiology that is a potential target for intervention. Understanding the symptom clusters associated with breast canc
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Intimate partner violence, particularly against women, is widely studied owing to its high rates, based on transnational data. Colombia, where this form of violence is considerably common, is no exception, and such violence is occurring more and more often in increasingly younger couples (10-14 years old). Further, risk factors such as wide acceptance, the justification of intimate partner violence, extremely rigid tradit
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This paper reports on the trend of the stressogenic stimulus caused by a repeated exposure to 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) vapors at the nominal concentrations of 0 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (the control restrainer), 50 mg/m<sup>3</sup> or 200 mg/m<sup>3</sup> in the nose-only inhalation system, by analyzing the serum corticosterone (CORT) levels in rats.
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There were no significant direct effects for any of the proposed models. Findings are in line with research supporting the role of limbic system dysfunction as a possible pathway in the maltreatment-eating disorder link. Given that limbic system dysfunction may underlie behavioral symptoms of eating disorders, efforts targeting limbic system dysfunction associated with child maltreatment might best be undertaken at an ear
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Using three-dimensional (3D) printers can provide materials that mimic real tissues and also helps trainees to practice on a realistic model. Furthermore, 3D imaging allows better depth perception than its two-dimensional (2D) counterpart, allowing the surgeon to create preoperative plans according to tissue depth and dimensions. Although AI has some limitations, this new technology can improve the prognosis and managem
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those in non-kinesiophobia group (χ2=6.402, t=2.39, -8.05, Z=-6.68, -7.89, P less then 0.05 or P less then 0.01), and the social support level score of patients in kinesiophobia group was significantly lower than that in non-kinesiophobia group (t=5.22, P less then 0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that total burn area, pain score, social support level score, anxiety score, and
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The clinical and imaging differences between bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients with medically managed asymptomatic moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis (AS) have not been studied previously. We aim to characterize these differences and their clinical outcomes in this study. A retrospective observational study was conducted on 836 consecutive cases of isolated asymp
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A high BMI, a pancreaticojejunostomy and postoperative weight gain were risk factors for developing POPF. Diabetes or preoperative biliary drainage was protective.
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