Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states.
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
78,127 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Although the Diabetes Specific Dementia Risk Score (DSDRS) was proposed for predicting risk of dementia at 10 years, its usefulness as a screening tool is unknown. For this purpose, the European consortium MOPEAD included the DSDRS within the specific strategy for screening of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients attended in a third-level hospital.
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ment.C-reactive protein (CRP) is a major acute-phase protein, and it is produced by the liver in response to a pro-inflammatory stimulus. Given that human and canine CRP have a similar molecular structure, the assays used for human CRP detection have been used to measure CRP concentrations in dogs. We evaluated the use of a human CRP assay (Biotecnica CRP assay) and validated its application in dogs. We analyzed 91 canine serum samples with
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train is derived from standard native cine imaging, such parameters can be time efficiently and reliably calculated, giving them the potential to be a powerful addition to the currently developing multiparametric native diagnostic approaches.
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A series of octahydroquinazoline-5-ones (OHQs 1-50) were designed and synthesized via an improved five-component reaction (5CR). Their bioactivities against dengue virus (DENV) were evaluated by determining lacate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the BHK-21 cells infected with DENV-2. Primary structure-activity relationship showed that six of OHQs with suitable substituents displayed good activities with EC50 = 1.31-1.85 μM. Th
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The stability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols does not vary greatly among currently circulating lineages, including B.1.1.7, suggesting that the increased transmissibility associated with recent SARS-CoV-2 lineages is not due to enhanced survival in the environment.
The stability of SARS-C
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26) and 2.16 (1.08-4.30), respectively. In sigmoidoscopy participants, current smoking was associated with proximal AL; 4.58 (2.24-9.38), and current smoking and obesity were associated with referral for colonoscopy; 2.80 (2.02-3.89) and 1.42 (1.01-2.00), respectively.
Current smoking, obesity and high alcohol intake were associated with screen-detected proximal colorectal AL. Cur
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In addition, precautionary control strategies were also proposed to effectively reduce the clustering cases of COVID-19 in large-scale wholesale markets.Tree taxa are often planted beyond their native range to increase the provision of some ecosystem services. Yet, they can disrupt ecosystem processes in their new ranges, causing changes in the provision of other services. Here we review the effects of five widespread
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) are also produced, which have direct/indirect industrial applications. In present review, various emerging technologies that highlight biohydrogen production methods as effective and sustainable methods on a large scale have been critically reviewed. The possible future developments are also outlined.Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the level of motor development and the quality of motor performance durin
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The change from baseline to post-intervention corresponded to a medium effect size (d = 0·55).
Findings generally support the feasibility of implementing taste testing and point-of-purchase prompting to increase the selection of healthy food items from food trucks; implications for future research in this novel setting are discussed.
Findings generally support t
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The similarities in the tomograms demonstrate the significant clinical potential for further integration of optical coherence tomography on a chip system.Sacral reflexes are important to allow the SCI practitioner to gain information about the state of the sacral spinal cord segments. The presence of the bulbocavernosus and/or the anal wink reflex indicate an intact spinal reflex arc and reflex conal autonomi
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From a root bark of Lespedeza bicolor Turch we isolated two new (7 and 8) and six previously known compounds (1-6) belonging to the group of prenylated polyphenols. Their structures were elucidated using mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy. These natural compounds selectively inhibited human drug-resistant prostate cancer in vitro. Prenylated pterocarpans 1-3 prevented the
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Although the physical and biological functions of the skin layer of spider dragline have been studied and partially clarified, the morphology and elemental contents of the skin layer of silk fibers have not been investigated in detail to date. Here, the surface of Nephila clavata spider dragline was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to o
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Conclusion The transfissural Glissonean approach for laparoscopic anatomic resection of segment 4 b is a feasible and effective technique. The opening of the umbilical fissure allows the surgeon to dissect the target portal pedicles of segment 4b directly.The objective is to review the literature related to lower urinary tract (LUT) conditions in children to conceptualize general practice guidelines for the g
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The study of ion channels dates back to the 1950s and the groundbreaking electrophysiology work of Hodgin and Huxley, who used giant squid axons to probe how action potentials in neurons were initiated and propagated. More recently, several experiments using different structural biology techniques and approaches have been conducted to try to understand how potassium ions permeate through the selectivity filter of pota
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Following head trauma, anxiety-like behaviour and depression tests did not change; empathy-like behaviour deteriorated on the 3rd day and improved gradually on the 6th and 12th days. Oxytocin, vasopressin and vasopressin v1b receptor levels decreased in the amygdala; morphological damage and apoptosis were significant. Magnesium acetyl taurate effectively ameliorated histopathological deteriorations and improved va
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All models adjusted for age, sex, education, race, and apolipoprotein ɛ4. Similar models explored the association between the biomarkers and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Participants with elevated tau were twice as likely to be depressed. Antidepressant use modified this relationship where participants with elevated tau who were taking antidepressants had greater odds of being depressed. Relatedly, elevated a
JunkerMccarthy0284
SBEβCD
Four patients who had a preserved ARM node did not develop lymphedema. One patient whose ARM node was not preserved due to SLN identification failure did not develop postoperative lymphedema. One patient who underwent ALND without ARM node conservation because of metastatic SLN on frozen section examination developed postoperative lymphedema.
ARM is oncologically safe, decreases the i
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) based image segmentation approaches. Four different indices Davies-Bouldin, Xie-Beni, Dunn and β index are used for the comparison and evaluation purpose. For the GA, PSO, ACO, EMO and the proposed FEMO approach, the optimal average value of the Davies-Bouldin index is 1.833578359 (8 clusters), 1.669359475 (3 clusters), 1.623119284 (3 clusters), 1.647743907 (4 clusters) and 1.456889343 (3 clusters) respectively.
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Patient perceptions of nurse-led gratitude intervention demonstrated helpfulness and improved hospitalization experience.
Patient perceptions of nurse-led gratitude intervention demonstrated helpfulness and improved hospitalization experience.
This pilot study investigated increasing nurse resiliency utilizing a toolkit of stress-reducing interventions on medical-surgical units at 4 ho
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The prevalence of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) failure is not uniform in India. In this study we attempted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of treatment failure among patients who were on ART for >1y.
We conducted an ambispective study from 2017 to 2019 in the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Patients and their past medical records were exam
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Corrected QT (QTc) interval is an essential proarrhythmic risk biomarker, but recent data have identified limitations to its use. The J to T-peak (JTp) interval is an alternative biomarker for evaluating drug-induced proarrhythmic risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacological effects using spatial magnitude leads and DII electrocardiogram (ECG) leads and common ECG c
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INTRODUCTION A project aimed to develop and deliver a clinical training course in Accra, Ghana, to increase patient access to physicians trained in the diagnosis, treatment and management of rheumatological conditions. METHODS We started with a scoping exercise followed by collaborative course curriculum development, co-delivered training course facilitated by both locally based rheumatologists and inter
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Objective Facial prosthetic rehabilitation using additive manufacturing technology relies on data acquisition from computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Three-dimensional (3D) photography has become widespread in craniofacial and plastic surgery due to its ability to provide more comprehensive topographical data than radiographic techniques. Despite the rising popularity of 3D photography
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Taking these considerations into account, new studies in this area are required to promote the development and construction of new perspectives and subsequent social empowerment through information, aiming at the enhancement of the mental health of school adolescents.In a context of budget constraints and fiscal austerity measures, the discussion of issues related to the efficient management of public resources is a major challeng
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The biventricular assistance devices were explanted subsequently, and the patient was discharged home on day 31. This is the first reported case of a kinked tracheal tube where transoesophageal echocardiography probe placement was suspected to have contributed. A high index of suspicion is required for this complication on the intensive care unit.The Anderson-Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked, multisystemic,
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The 24–48 h KIM-1 levels of the cases with exitus were higher (P = 0.007). The 24–48 h cystatin C and preoperative NGAL levels were higher in patients with postoperative AKI (P = 0.02).
In newborns with CCHD, high KIM-1 levels may predict mortality, whereas high cystatin C and preoperative NGAL levels may be indicative of AKI. These biomarkers deserve further investiga
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the trends concerning ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction (UCLR) for athletic injuries within the United States over the years 2003 to2014.
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Elongator is a multi-subunit protein complex bearing six different protein subunits, Elp1 to -6, that are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Elp2 is the second major subunit of Elongator and, together with Elp1 and Elp3, form the catalytic core of this essential complex. Pathogenic variants that affect the structure and function of the Elongator complex may cause neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Hypertrophic scar (HS) formation, a type of dermal fibroproliferative condition, is a frequent complication in wound healing resulting from burns, severe trauma, and surgical procedures. The effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) on the HS formation remain relatively under-explored. Hence, this study was intended to interrogate anti-apoptosis and anti-fibrosis effects of PNS on the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (H
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Our results show the therapeutic potential of priprioca residue as a low-cost antiplasmodial agent.Honey is a natural product with a long use in traditional medicine and is well recognized to regulate different biological events. It is an important source of various biological or pharmacological molecules and, therefore, there is a strong interest to explore their properties. Evidence is growing that honey may have the potential
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Chromium is a controversial element, since it has been classified as essential trace element, to chemically and biologically inert compound, to potent intoxicator. Concerns have been risen for chromium effects on human and aquatic life because chromium has been accused for genotoxicity and carcinogenesis. Metals and their ions or complexes (and thus chromium substances) are included in the indicative li
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Individual household emergency planning is the most fundamental and can be the least expensive way to prepare for natural disasters. However, despite government and nonprofit educational campaigns, many Americans still do not have a household plan. Using a national sample of Americans, this research observes factors that influence people’s likelihood of developing a household emergency plan. Based on th
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Bottom-up coarse-grained (CG) models accurately describe the structure of homogeneous systems but sometimes provide limited transferability and a poor description of thermodynamic properties. Consequently, inhomogeneous systems present a severe challenge for bottom-up models. In this work, we examine bottom-up CG models for interfaces and inhomogeneous systems. We first analyze the effect of external fields upon the man
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Although cancer screening has led to reductions in the incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) across Canada, benefits of prevention efforts are not equitably distributed. This study investigated the sociodemographic characteristics of women with ICC in British Columbia compared with the general female population in the province.
In this descriptive study, data of individu
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When children got on-task, mothers with higher cumulative risk were less likely to respond with scaffolding and more likely to respond with directives than lower risk mothers. These results suggest that parents at higher risk respond with less scaffolding regardless of child behavior and respond with more directive commands when they may be unnecessary. Findings provide novel, real-time descriptive information about how and
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As shown in our previous study, cyclosporine A (CsA) promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of villous trophoblasts, thus improving embryo implantation. In addition, the incidence of preeclampsia (PE) is decreased in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and repeated implantation failure (RIF) treated with CsA during the first trimester. Abnormal function of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) in early
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According to the similarity-attraction theory, humans respond more positively to people who are similar in personality. This observation also holds true between humans and robots, as shown by recent studies that examined human-robot interactions. Thus, it would be conducive for robots to be able to capture the user personality and adjust the interactional patterns accordingly. The present stud
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Observational studies in the wild suggest that birds select material to build their nests based on functional aspects of material that promote reproductive success. How birds select material for nest building from the variety of materials available in their environment is unclear. In the current laboratory experiment we manipulated breeding success (i.e. raising fledglings) of zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) pairs to test
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