Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
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Pasture-based livestock farming generates income in regions with limited resources and is key to biodiversity conservation. However, costs derived from fighting disease can make the difference between profit and loss, eventually compromising farm survival. Animal TB (TB), a chronic infection of cattle and other domestic and wild hosts, is one of the primary limitations of beef cattle farming in some parts of Eur
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The marine ciliate Mesodinium rubrum is famous for its ability to acquire and exploit chloroplasts and other cell organelles from some cryptophyte algal species. We sequenced genomes and transcriptomes of free-swimming Teleaulax amphioxeia, as well as well-fed and starved M. rubrum in order to understand cellular processes upon sequestration under different prey and light conditions. From its prey, the ciliate a
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, representing 31% of all global deaths. HIV and long term anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are risk factors for development of CVD in populations of people living with HIV (PLHIV). CVD risk assessment tools are currently being applied to SSA populations, but there are questions about accuracy as well as implementation challenges of these tools
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[Liu et al. Phys. Rev. B 2018, 98, 134416]]. In Sr2CrO2Cr2As2, electron diffraction and high resolution powder X-ray diffraction data show no evidence for a structural distortion that would allow the two Cr2+ sublattices to couple, but high resolution neutron powder diffraction data suggest a small incommensurability between the magnetic structure and the crystal structure, which may account for the coupling of the two
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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading types of fatal cancer worldwide. Epigenetic manipulation of cancer cells is a useful tool to better understand gene expression regulatory mechanisms and contributes to the discovery of novel biomarkers. Our research group recently reported a list of 83 genes that are potentially modulated by DNA methylation in GC cell lines. Herein, we further explored the regulation of one of these
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Participants were asked to fill out the PACIC at baseline and two weeks later.
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The synthesis of truffle ectomycorrhizae and the ecology of truffle-colonized seedlings in the early symbiotic stage are important for the successful truffle cultivation. In this study, two black truffle species, Tuber melanosporum and Tuber indicum, were selected to colonize Pinus armandii seedlings. 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after inoculation, the growth performance of the host and the rhizosphere soil properties were detec
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According to the results of this study, even though the WP ratios that were utilized in the clinical setting vary, microhardness and compressive strength values of MTA was not significantly affected.
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Despite aggressive treatment with steroids, tocilizumab and other supportive measures, the patient died of cardiac arrest. Our case highlights that acute stroke could manifest as an isolated dysarthria, which is an indicator of increased severity and high mortality with COVID-19 infection. Public awareness about the stroke symptom awareness should be emphasized.Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder c
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許多商人繼續使困惑關於概念SEO。他們可能問“什麼是SEO？”簡而言之，seo是搜索引擎營銷。排名，因此提高流量與網站你對香港SEO服務和SEO解決方案其他地區，這是至關重要的理解的意義SEO關鍵字。這些關鍵字是詞彙使用潛在的前景在Google上搜索時或其他任何搜尋引擎。適當的選擇並僱用的關鍵字可以很大提高曝露與網站。
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CONCLUSIONS In general, the recommended strategies of the KMAP-BP were similar to those of other guidelines, but differed in terms of the emphasis on rapid effectiveness, which is often desirable in actual clinical situations. The major limitation of the KMAP-BP is that it is a consensus-based rather than an evidence-based tool. Nevertheless, it may confer advantages in actual clinical practice. © 2020 John Wiley &am
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Advances in this important area of plant biology will inform rational crop engineering and breeding for enhanced stomatal defense without disruption of other pathways that impact crop yield.Anthocyanins are a group of secondary metabolites that protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The research on anthocyanins has been well-received due to their colorfulness and human health benefits. In this study,
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In brief, hBD3 and LL-37 induce a similar response in pneumococci and especially, changes in proteins with annotated transporter and virulence function have been identified. However, LL-37 causes changes in the abundance of cell surface modification proteins that cannot be observed after treatment with hBD3. Interestingly, CTAB induces unique proteomic changes in S. pneumoniae. Though, the detergent seems to activate a two-c
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Introduction Early adolescence is a time of increased social interaction with peers. Social competence is related to pretend play ability in younger children, but a lack of pretend play ability in childhood may also be associated with social challenges in early adolescence. Adolescents who find social situations challenging experience alienation from peers resulting in lowered self-regard. This paper presen
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The total viable count of the control sample exceeded 7 logarithms of the number of colony forming units per gram (log CFU/g) after 11 days of cold storage (7.01 ± 0.14 log CFU/g) versus 15 days for the ε-PL-g-PLA film (7.37 ± 0.06 log CFU/g) and the nisin-g-PLA film (6.83 ± 0.10 log CFU/g). The results showed that covalent immobilized antibacterial packaging films had positive impacts on the shelf life and quality of fre
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Maize plants containing event DP-2Ø2216-6 (DP202216), which confers herbicide tolerance through expression of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and enhanced grain yield potential via temporal modulation of the native ZMM28 protein, were developed for commercialization. To address current regulatory expectations, a mandatory 90-day rodent feeding study was conducted to support the safety assessment. Diets containing
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Determination of molecular area of each surfactant on the solution surface revealed that the structures of the surface monolayers are remarkably consistent when water is placed by the solid PVA. Incorporation of glycerol caused a decrease of molecular area for DDAO and increase in molecular area for DTAO both in solution and in PVA. This suggests that the head group interactions, which normally limit the min
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Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a significant health problem owing to its high mortality rate. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (h-FABP) is an important biomarker in the diagnosis of AMI. In this work, an electrochemical h-FABP immunosensor was developed based on Cd0.5Zn0.5S/d-Ti3C2Tx MXene (MXene Transition metal carbide or nitride) composite as signal amplificator and core-shell high-crystalline g
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A novel method known as contrast-enhanced percutaneous nephrosonography (cePNS), using an ultrasound contrast agent administered through the nephrostomy catheter, has been used to evaluate the urinary tract patency in children. Nine cePNS examinations were performed in seven children to evaluate the urinary tract patency prior to further management. The cePNS results were compared with the clinical evaluation of patent ur
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BACKGROUND Autophagy plays an important role in eukaryotes. We investigated its role in the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), to find promising control strategies against PWD. RESULTS We analysed the expression levels of PtRBOH1 and PtRBOH2, which regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, in Pinus thunbergii and the expression of three autopha
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OBJECTIVE Bullying victimization among adolescents has been well-recognized as a behavior associated with adverse psychological and mental health outcomes. Most studies on bullying victimization have focused on adolescents, but research is sparse regarding school victimization among preadolescents before they transition to adolescence. This study sought to identify latent classes of different types of co-occurring bullying
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At low (450ml) and ultra-low (230ml) tidal volumes, pulsed delivery yielded better agreement of the set target (up to 40ppm) and inspiratory NO concentrations as compared to customary modes. Pulsed delivery with NO injection close to the artificial lung yielded higher intrapulmonary NO concentrations than with NO injection close to the ventilator. The maximum inspiratory NO concentration observed in the trachea (68
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Multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the association between Core MWH Model use and ANC and PNC attendance. The total sample includes 4711 mothers. Mothers who used the Core MWH Model had better ANC and PNC attendance, family planning use, and vaccination rates than mothers who did not use a MWH. All mothers appeared to fare better across these outcomes at endline. We found an association between Core
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The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with mental health service utilization among adults with head injury with loss of consciousness (LOC) using Andersen’s model of health. This secondary data analysis used the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with data collected from 7,399 adults. Binary logistic regression was conducted to determine odds associated with predisposing, ena
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Atorvastatin significantly attenuated the activation of PKD and ERK5. Overall, this study demonstrated that atorvastatin could reverse vascular remodeling in SHRs. The PKD/ERK5 signaling pathway might be important for elucidating the beneficial pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin on vascular remodeling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM Uncontrolled donation after cardiac death (uDCD) remai
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Adequate complementary feeding practices in early childhood contribute to better food preferences and health outcomes throughout the life course.
The aim of this study was to describe patterns and socioeconomic inequalities in complementary feeding practices among children aged 6-23 mo in 80 low- and middle-income countries.
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IMPORTANCE In Chinese-speaking societies, a reliable and valid measure is needed to enable early identification of young children’s challenges in sensory processing. OBJECTIVE To examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP-C) when used with Taiwanese children. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Multiple settings. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 367 typically develo
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The KCNA1 gene encodes the α subunit of the voltage-gated Kv1.1 potassium channel that critically regulates neuronal excitability in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Mutations in KCNA1 have been classically associated with episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1), a movement disorder triggered by physical and emotional stress. Additional features variably reported in recent years include epilepsy, myokymia,
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Frontal EEG asymmetry has been investigated as a physiological metric of approach motivation, with higher left frontal activity (LFA) suggested to reflect approach motivation. However, correlations between LFA and traditional metrics of approach motivation (e.g., scores from the behavioral inhibition system/behavioral approach system [BIS/BAS] survey) are inconsistent. It is also not clear how LFA correlates to approach mo
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Patients with chronic cough are typically female and have a mean age of ~ 60years. However, initial pharmacokinetic (PK) characterization of the P2X3-receptor antagonist gefapixant, developed to treat refractory or unexplained chronic cough, was performed in healthy participants who were predominantly younger adult males. The objective of this Phase 1 study was to assess the safety, tolerability, and PK of
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Among Nigerians in an interracial relationship with Chinese women, the feeling of (un)belongingness resonates in their return consideration owing to poor experiences with access to residence permit and social welfare. While integration issues impact on return migration of married Nigerians in Guangzhou, the transnational practices of the men suggest that a return behaviour would probably accompany re
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