Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
85,933 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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53, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.58 and adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.56, respectively). At birth, 8% and 2.2% of the neonates were found to be small for gestational age in the CAH and the control groups, respectively (adjusted OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.86 to 6.11). Congenital anomalies were encountered in 2.7% and 0.4% in the CAH and control groups, respectively (adjusted OR 5.24, 95% CI 2.31 to 11.90).
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Moreover, three A. suum serpin proteins were identified as candidates to inhibit this host coagulation factor. To the best of our knowledge, this study shows, for the first time, the anticoagulant potential of the infective larvae of A. suum, which could be used by the parasite as a mechanism to facilitate its invasion and survival in the host.A screening method using the 35S promoter and nos terminator fo
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5′-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine clinical trial
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Online questionnaire administration was valid therefore facilitating large cohort recruitment and being relevant to remote service evaluation and research. The physical and ultrasound examination revealed the expected differences between groups, while the graded loaded challenge progressively increases load and war
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Misdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is common and often occurs due to misattribution of non-MS magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions to MS demyelination. A recently developed MRI biomarker, the central vein sign (CVS), has demonstrated high specificity for MS lesions and may thus help prevent misdiagnosis.
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Four fungal and one bacterial isolates were isolated from a liquid waste sample of Nuclear Material Authority. Those dried biomasses were screened for uranium (U) and thorium (Th) adsorption efficiency where the most potent isolate was identified according to sequence similarities and phylogenetic analysis as Aspergillus niger LBM 134. Using U or Th synthetic solutions many factors were investig
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Therefore, the purpose of this article is to discuss the contribution of behavior analysis to addressing systemic oppression, as well as the pivotal role leadership communication plays in occasioning social change. It is our hope that this conceptual work will inspire behavior scientists to advance the field of behavior analysis and social movements in the direction of equitable, proso
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OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between skin moisture and the incidence of medical devices related to pressure injury (MDRPI). METHOD This was a prospective study in an intensive care unit. Measurement of changes in skin moisture is measured every two days until thirteenth. The skin moisture status between no MDRPI and presence of MDRPI analyzed using independent t-test. RESULT The independent t-test confirmed no
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We demonstrate that PCSK9 and LRP5 contribute to lipid uptake. We also show that LRP5 participates in PCSK9 transport to the plasma membrane and that PCSK9 inhibition protects against agLDL-induced inflammation associated to the TLR4/NFκB pathway. These results offer new targets to prevent the progression of inflammation and hypercholesterolemia and their increased
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Eligible studies will be critically appraised for methodological quality. Prevalence estimates will be statistically pooled in a meta-analysis after heterogeneity interpretation; data not appropriate for pooling will be reported in a narrative review. Finally, risk of publication bias will be studied via funnel plot analysis and the Egger test.
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002). Facial swelling was lower on the test side by 72h postsurgery in comparison with the control side (P=.036). No significant difference in mouth opening was found between the groups.
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4 ± 1.5 points on a scale from 0 to 10 (p = 0.02). Online home monitoring with direct data transfer is feasible and reliable after lung transplantation and results in high patient satisfaction. Whether the implementation of online home monitoring enables the earlier detection of lung function decline and improves patient and graft outcomes will be the subject of future research.An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in December 2019 became a m
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officinalis pollen extract). The results of an in vitro ELISA revealed that 79.1% (n=19) of the patient sera were reactive to immunotherapy extracts. ELISA inhibition assay of the IgE binding to P. officinalis demonstrated inhibition values >70% in the sera of highly reactive patients, confirming the cross-reactivity between the two Parietaria subspecies. In addition, all patients
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Mechanistically, LOXL1-AS1 competitively bond to miR-28-5p, resulting in upregulation of RAP1B. Additionally, in vivo study confirmed the findings discovered in vitro. CONCLUSIONS In summary, LOXL1-AS1 exerted oncogenic roles in EC progression by sponging miR-28-5p and thereby upregulating RAP1B. This finding might provide potential targets for EC therapy. PURPOSE Paroxysmal Permeability Disorders (PPDs)
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Finally, the current challenges and future research opportunities were discussed. The purpose of this review was (1) to provide ideas to solve the problem of the reduced efficiency causing by salt deposition during saline water evaporation and (2) to promote the application of solar-driven interfacial saline water evaporation technology by providing the latest achievements in structural designs for salt removal.
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Among the 61 participants, 52 (85%) agreed that the 3MMM had been helpful. Thirty-six (59%) reported using writing to help cope with stress at follow-up, compared to only 23 (38%) at baseline (P = 0.005). The majority of clinicians (87%) also continued to use the 3MMM in clinical practice following the original 3MMM study period and ranked it as both feasible (75%) and worth the time investment (75%).
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R-848 in vivo
The hazard quotient suggests a probability to induce non-carcinogenic adverse health effects in children by ingestion of Zr. Arsenic in the suburban street represents a human health risk of 1.58 × 10-4.The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ESRRA) is an orphan nuclear receptor (NR) that significantly influences cellular metabolism. ESRRA is predominantly expressed in metabolically-active tissues and regulates the tra
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Our results suggest nestin expression to be an indicator for ameloblastic carcinoma, and CD138 and alpha-SMA to be promising biomarkers for the malignant transformation of ameloblastoma. Our data showed that nestin, CD138, and alpha-SMA are novel biomarkers for a better understanding of the origins and behaviour of ameloblastic tumours.Low-load resistance exercise (LL-RE) is recommended as an adjunct therapy to aer
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牽頭式債務舒緩計劃又稱綜合債務舒緩計劃，其實與債務舒緩計劃相似，同樣無需經過法庭程序，無需律師或會計師參與，可節省堂費、律師費等高額開支，亦能保持高私隱度。他們最大的相異之處，就是債務人只需向最大債權人（即牽頭銀行）協商，討論新的還款方案。因為無需與所有債權人逐個安排談判，申請手續得以簡化。
市面上有不少提供債務重組服務的機構，例如香港債務重組協會、盈富專業方案事務所等等，服務範圍覆蓋卡數、銀行個人貸款、金融公司貸款、高利息貸款、信用社貸款、學生助學貸款、稅收等等。
申請人與牽頭債權人經過洽談，若雙方接受新的還款建議，又獲得其餘債權人的同意，債務人所有債款便將歸納於牽頭債權人下，根據新方案規定的較低的利息，日後債務人只需每月向這個單一債權人定額定息還款，直到還清債項，無需再同時與多個債務人周旋。
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149 patients (52% men) with a mean age 59.7(9.5) years were recruited. Mean (standard deviation) MBFR was 2.2 (0.51). 37% (55/149) had MBFR<2.0. Median [interquartile range] septal mitral annular e’ velocity and septal mitral annular E/e’ were 7.6cm/s [6.2, 8.9] and 9.5 [7.5, 10.8], respectively. Univariate regression analysis showed only age was a significant predictor of increasing septal mitral annular E/e’
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tabase, indicating that DD3 is a potential therapeutic target for PCa. Furthermore, this study suggests that DD3 expression could be considered as a prognostic biomarker for PCa.Repeated endoscopic access to the abdominal cavity of animal models is useful for a variety of research applications. However, repeated surgical access may affect the welfare of the animal and compromise results. We present the design and benchto
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We confirmed that exposing ApoE-/- mice to α-def-1 lowers total plasma cholesterol and decreases lesion size. However, lesion size was larger than in mice with total plasma cholesterol lowered to the same extent by inhibiting its adsorption or by ingesting a low-fat diet. Furthermore, α-def-1 levels correlated independently with lesion size in ApoE-/- mice. These studies show that α-def-1 has compet
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Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and it lacks special tumor markers. Exosomes, new noninvasive biomarkers, with the proteins on the exosome surface show potential for the diagnosis and prognosis of a tumor. However, assessing the variations of exosomal proteins still faces significant challenges. Herein, a magneto-mediated electrochemical sensor based on host-guest recognition has been developed for simultaneous
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There was a statistically significant association observed between the dilated duct diameter (p = 0.049) and presence of intraductal vascularity (p = 0.0005) with presence of malignancy. CONCLUSION Rate of malignancy is low in solitary dilated ducts, especially among asymptomatic patients. Patient’s presenting with clinical symptoms, larger dilated duct diameters, and/or intraductal vascularity may require additional evalua
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Coformycin and pentostatin are structurally related N-nucleoside inhibitors of adenosine deaminase characterized by an unusual 1,3-diazepine nucleobase. Herein, the cof gene cluster responsible for coformycin biosynthesis is identified. Reconstitution of the coformycin biosynthetic pathway in vitro demonstrates that it overlaps significantly with the early stages of l-histidine biosynthesis. Commi
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