Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
86,616 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein that is critical for effective innate antiviral and antitumor immunity. The activity of STING is heavily regulated by protein ubiquitination, which is fine-tuned by both E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Here, we report that the deubiquitinase OTUD5 interacts with STING, cleaves its K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, and promotes its stability. Consist
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Exercise levels are very low among Korean cancer patients and are correlated with age, educati
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Ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) is a key indicator that depicts the carbon-water coupling relationship in terrestrial ecosystems. Separating the effects of climate change and human activities to the variation in WUE are essential for water resources and ecosystem management, especially for fragile ecosystems such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, we introduced an analytical framework that combined the attrib
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Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a dominant member of healthy human colon microbiota, regarded as a beneficial gut bacterium due to its ability to produce anti-inflammatory substances. However, little is known about how F. prausnitzii utilizes the nutrients present in the human gut, influencing its prevalence in the host intestinal environment. The phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)carbohydrate phosphotransferase syste
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Overall, clinical relapse was observed in 131 patients (66%), surgical relapse in 31 (16%), endoscopic recurrence in 149 (75%) and ultrasonographic recurrence in 132 (66%), without significant differences in frequencies between subgroups. By Cox proportional hazard regression, endoscopic recurrence was a significant predictor of clinical recurrence overall (HR=2.31, P = 0.002) and in the Early (HR=3.85, P = 0.00
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emergent pathophysiological aspects of TECs with a particular focus on their potential role as regulators of immune cell function in the TME. It is a main future challenge to deeply characterize the phenotypic and functional profile of TECs to illuminate their complex role within the TME. The ultimate goal is the identification of TEC-specific drug targets to improve cancer (immuno-)therapy.Rett Syndrome
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Despite recent advances in chronic heart failure management (either pharmacological or non-pharmacological), the prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients remains poor. This poor prognosis emphasizes the need for developing novel pathways for testing new HF drugs, beyond neurohumoral and hemodynamic modulation approaches. The development of new drugs for HF therapy must thus necessarily focus on novel approaches su
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Nonetheless, many studies make no or minimal utilization of the information’s spatial construction and feasible non-linear outcomes of the chance elements. The data used in this research had been obtained from the 2015 Nigeria Demographic and wellness Survey (NDHS). A full Bayesian semi-parametric regression design was fitted to data to complete the goals for
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在景觀中這當然是金融經濟挑戰可能會遇到每當你想要的時候，很多人結果抓斗利用財務義務的重量。感覺存在不知所措也許是全部太常見了是否是由於意外成本，損失收入，甚至是累積後效應借用。儘管如此，有希望在那裡的人。通過探索諸如個人自願安排（IVA）之類的選項，信用卡債務減免計劃（DRP）和破產，有可能圖表應用程式致力於財務穩定和恢復。
了解IVA債務重組：一個有組織的方法
一個人自願安排（IVA）提供一種技術那是有組織的管理金額你是從那裡借來的。本協議那是與債權人進行正式談判覆蓋後退一部分為了指定期限的財務義務，通常為五到六年。IVA通過合併您的財務困境一筆可管理的付款是按月。這個系統不僅保護你從債權人騷擾但此外啟用開始那是新鮮的付款期限完成。幾個，ivas變成希望的燈塔在他們的內部經濟旅程。
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No light perception and opthalmoplegia continued in the right eye. This case demonstrates that although very rare, orbital compartment syndrome can occur without compression of the eye or an intra-orbital mass. Visual loss is a devastating complication and preoperative informed consent of this complication is imperative. Constant vigilance to ensure adequate arterial and venous supply to the orbit,
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001). Heart rate was unchanged over the course of the experiment (P=0.09), however, respiratory rate increased with increasing IAP (P<0.001). Arterial blood pressure also increased with insufflation (P<0.001), with a significant difference at an IAP of 15mm Hg (P=0.04).
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The highest percentage of volatile compounds was observed in IN microparticles, followed by OL and MD microparticles. The major group of compounds identified in CEL were terpenes (88%). The Korsmeyer-Peppas mathematical model allowed to describe the controlled release behavior of ascorbic acid and anthocyanins in the powder extracts. The controlled release followed a Fickian diffusion mechanism (n ≤ 0.43). The increase
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The Hippo signaling pathway has important role in the pathogenesis of some tumors. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females in the world. In recent years, various articles referred to inhibiting effect of quinacrine, a derivative of 9-aminoacridine, on the growth of several types of cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of quinacrine on expression of LATS1, LATS2, and YAP genes of the Hippo
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DNA nanosensors are easy to design and have good sensitivity. DNA component and nanomaterials can be designed in a controlled manner to detect various environmental pollutants. This review identifies the recent advances in DNA nanosensor designing and opportunities available to design nanosensors for unexplored pathogens, antibiotics, pesticides, GMO, heavy metals, and other toxic pollutant.
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The persistent activation of intestinal mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) triggered by mucosal stress has been linked to deregulation of the gut immune response resulting in intestinal inflammation and cell death. The present study investigated the regulatory properties of food-derived mTORC1 modulators, curcumin, and piperine, toward the polarization of stimulated macrophages and the differentiation of monocyt
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在景觀中這當然是金融經濟挑戰可能會遇到隨時，許多人結果抓斗利用財務義務的重量。感覺是不知所措全是太常見了是否是由於意外成本，損失收入，也許是累積效果借用。儘管如此，有希望在那裡的人。通過探索諸如個人自願安排（IVA）之類的選項，信用卡債務解決方案計劃（DRP）和破產，有可能圖表應用程式致力於財務穩定和恢復。
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一個人自
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