Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
220,934 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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05). Moreover, IL-1, IL-6, IL-17 and immunoglobulin E levels in serum were positively related to wheezing duration, but the vitamin D level was negatively associated with wheezing duration. Infantile asthma with rickets is closely correlated with vitamin D, inflammatory factors and immunoglobulin E, which are major risk factors in infantile asthma with rickets.Cardiac fibrosis is involved in adverse cardiac remodeling
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Future studies with daily mortality data are needed to verify our study estimates.Bacillus cereus can survive in the form of spores for prolonged periods posing a serious problem for the manufacture of safe shelf-stable foods of optimal quality. Our study aims at increasing knowledge of B. cereus spores focusing primarily on germination mechanisms to develop novel milder food preservation strategies. Ma
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BACKGROUND Increasing evidence shows that advance care planning is effective in improving outcomes. However, its applicability and acceptability outside Western cultures remain unknown. Examination of relevant cultural adaptations is required prior to wider adoption. AIM To examine the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted advance care planning intervention in a Taiwanese inpatient hospital for adva
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Many adults with ADHD are unaware of their condition. They often struggle to stay organized, track their appointments or show up for work on time.
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Case Battles in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO)
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If space is a concern some parents opt to share a bed with twins. This is in line with medical guidelines and can aid in calming and harmony during sleep.
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Post-stroke spasticity is a major factor disturbing rehabilitation and functional recovery in stroke survivors. Clinical predictors of post-stroke spasticity have often been discussed, but brain image predictors for spasticity have been insufficiently researched. The aim of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging data to identify early brain imaging predictors for potential development of spastici
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Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) have been used for fifty years to treat moderate-to-severe psoriasis. However, recent case reports of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, associated with FAE-induced lymphopaenia, have been a cause for concern (J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2009;7603).
We report six cases of persistent lymphopaenia following cessation of treatment
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ErYAG laser debonding treatment did not affect the mechanical properties, but changed the optical properties of dental ceramics.
Chronic scrotal content pain (CSCP) is a complex condition with multiple etiologies that requires a thorough understanding of its pathophysiology, workup, and treatment options. We performed a comprehensive and contemporary review
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財務義務經常會感覺到錨點那是沉重的人和家庭都重量。作為賬單堆積，力量發現一種補救措施加強。幸運的是，有很多路徑同意導航使用此困境。在本文中，我們將探索四個關鍵思想：特定的自願計劃（IVA），債務減免計劃（DRP），破產的複雜性，雖然不斷發展領域借用。通過了解這些選擇，您可以輕鬆只是拿賦予經濟安全行動。
在債務管理的最前沿可能是人自願安排（IVA）。此合同這當然是正式的人們合作和他們一起債權人幫助製作付款計劃這當然是實用和可持續性。通常持久5年，IVA使債務人定居一部分的債務依據他們的能力是經濟的。這個過程那是有組織的只能提供一條清晰的路徑遠離債務還有保護來自激烈的效果破產。有一個IVA，你會恢復控制你辛苦的錢在朝著更光明的未來努力的同時。
財務義務救濟計劃（DRP）另一個選擇這當然是那些強大的尋找擺脫壓倒性的債務。這些程序努力與債權人協商較低的還款數
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hing conversations performed helped the cancer survivors to process many of these difficult thoughts and feelings.
The P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitor ticagrelor is widely used in patients following acute coronary syndromes or in those who have received coronary stents. Bentracimab is a monoclonal antibody-based reversal agent that is being formally evaluated in a Phase 3 clinical trial. Here,
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This study aimed to examine the health service use and healthcare costs of adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) in Taiwan.
AN and BN cases between 2002-2013 were extracted from a national health insurance database. For each AN and BN case, we randomly selected 10 controls with no eating disorder, matched for sex, age, urbanization of residence, and y
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How to Choose the Right Oven and Hob for Your Kitchen
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Additionally, Akt signaling and Agr2 were identified as ROS targets, suggesting that ROS/H2 O2 is likely to regulate epimorphic regeneration through these signaling pathways. In addition, ROS/H2 O2 -dependent-Yap1 activity is required during tail regeneration.A novel mass spectrometric method for probing the flash chemistry of electrogenerated reactive intermediates was developed based on rapid collision mixing of elect
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in English, German EINLEITUNG Schaftprothesen stellten bei der Endoprothetik des Schultergelenkes über Jahrzehnte den Goldstandard dar. In den letzten Jahren wurden für das Schultergelenk knochensparende Endprothesendesigns entwickelt. Aktuelle Studien konnten zeigen, dass die native Krafteinleitung auf den proximalen Humerus am besten durch schaftfreie Implantate imitiert werden kann. Es bestehen jedoch Bedenken bezügli
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To evaluate the impact of oral alterations on the quality of life (QoL) of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
A case-control study in 32 individuals with RA, 28 with SLE, and 29 in the control group (CG). The questionnaire SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36) was used to evaluate the health-related quality
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Membranes with a wave pattern on the membrane surface are now proposed for the first time to alleviate microalgal fouling and increase the membrane flux. The membrane morphology was observed via scanning electron microscope, and the clean water permeance, microalgae harvesting efficiency and membrane flux in a real broth were determined to investigate the effects of polysulfone (PSF) and polyethylene g
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Central precocious puberty (CPP) severely affects children’s physical and mental health and needs to be treated promptly and effectively. This article aimed to research the therapeutic effect of Shugan Xiehuo Formula (SXF) on CPP. A female CPP rat model was established and then treated with leuprolide and different doses of SXF. Sex organ volume and index were measured. Ovaries and uteri were visualized by hematoxylin-eosi
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404-0.750) were independently associated with sICH. Patients with subrachnoid CA had a poorer collateral status and a larger final infarct size than those without subarachnoid CA although initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and recanalization rate were comparable between the groups. CA ASPECTS ≤ 5 predicted sICH with a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 92.6% (area under the c
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This paper reviews the past history, the current tobacco landscape and controversies, and an approach that might rapidly reduce the yearly half-million deaths associated with cigarette smoking in the U.S. The objectives of this study were to 1) examine longitudinal predictors of JUUL and other tobacco product initiation, 2) compare these predictors across product type, and 3) describe cross-sectio
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As a general comment, these strategies have the potential to promote nursing students’ engagement. Among the strategies discussed in this review, the use of technology, particularly the response system and online learning, was more common among nursing educators, which is in line with today’s advances in smart technologies. The collection presented in this review can be used as a starting point for future research
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To investigate if inflammation detected by MRI or ultrasound at rheumatoid arthritis (RA) onset is predictive of erosive progression or poor response to methotrexate monotherapy, and to investigate if subclinical inflammation in remission is predictive of future treatment escalation or erosive progression.
In a 2-year study, 218 patients with disease-modifying antirheumatic dr
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在景觀中那是金融經濟挑戰可能會遇到隨時，很多人找到自己抓斗利用財務義務的重量。印象是不知所措也許是全部太常見了是否是後果意外成本，損失收入，或累積效果借用。儘管如此，有希望在地平線上。通過探索諸如個人自願安排（IVA）之類的選項，信用卡債務減免計劃（DRP）和破產，您可以輕鬆圖表一個程序致力於財務穩定和恢復。
了解IVA債務重組：一個有組織的方法
一個人自願安排（IVA）提供一種技術這當然是有組織的管理錢你欠。本協議那是與債權人進行正式談判支付後退一部分為了指定期限的財務義務，通常為五到六年。IVA通過合併您的財務狀況一筆可管理的付款是按月。這個系統不僅僅是保護你從債權人騷擾但另外啟用開始這當然是新鮮的付款期限已完成。對於許多人，ivas發展成希望的燈塔在他們的內部經濟旅程。
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numerical increase in serious cardiovascular adverse events was demonstrated with romosozumab in randomized trials with no discernable etiology. Until more real-world evidence is available, romosozumab should not be used in patients with a recent cardiovascular event and should be used cautiously in patients with high cardiovascular risk. Romosozumab’s place in therapy is likely patients with severe postmenopausal osteopo
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The CYP3A5 gene polymorphism accounts for the majority of inter-individual variability in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics. We found that the basal expression of CYP3A5 in donor grafts also played a significant role in tacrolimus metabolism under the same genetic conditions after pediatric liver transplantation. Thus, we hypothesized that some potential epigenetic factors could affect CYP3A5 expression and contrib
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Methylene blue (MB) is a commonly used dye that can be used for near-infrared (NIR) imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) by producing reactive oxygen species after light exposure, inducing apoptosis. The limiting factor of MB is its poor penetration through cell membranes. Its decreased cellular uptake can be prevented by encapsulation in drug delivery systems such as liposomes. Additionally, the enhanced
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The electrical conductance, electrical thermal conductance, and the Seebeck coefficients with carrier doping are examined, and the analytical form of the Seebeck coefficient is briefly described. For the third application, we analyze the electron transport properties of polyaniline molecular wires under structural deformations,i.e.rotations around the transport direction. The thermally averaged current-voltage characteristics are
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We describe the characterisation and validation of an androgen receptor (AR) transactivation assay for detection of AR agonists and antagonists using a stably transfected human prostate cancer cell line. This 22Rv1/mouse mammary tumour virus glucocorticoid knock-out cell line based AR transactivation assay was validated by criteria in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Guidance Document 34 to de
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Strategies deployed include concurrently addressing and minimizing anticipated challenges across domains including medical, psychosocial, vocational as well as economic, thereby aiding in recovery of the family unit as a whole.
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Atmospheric pollution could significantly alter tree growth independently and synergistically with meteorological conditions. North China offers a natural experiment for studying how plant growth responds to air pollution under different meteorological conditions, where rapid economic growth has led to severe air pollution and climate changes increase drought stress. Using a single aspen clone (Populus euramericana N
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Dysfunction of apoptosis and DNA damage response pathways often drive cancer, and so a better understanding of these pathways can contribute to new cancer therapeutic strategies. Diverse discovery approaches have identified many apoptosis regulators, DNA damage response, and DNA damage repair proteins; however, many of these approaches rely on indirect detection of DNA damage. Here, we describe a novel discovery plat
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User feedback shaped the final version, which can be accessed free from the App Store and Google Play. Early implementation has demonstrated patient and provider satisfaction. Obstacles to full implementation of Decide + Be Ready remain within the Military Health System. We lay out a roadmap for dissemination, implementation, and evaluation and explore the applications of the decision aid for health profession
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These studies showed that the positive effect of T. terrestris on the female reproductive system was due to the presence of a secondary metabolite called protodioscin; a steroidal saponin compound, as the dominant active component of this plant.
These studies showed that the positive effect of T. terrestris on the female reproductive system was due to the presence of a secondary metabolite called protodioscin
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0156) and B cell memory induction (p=0.0078) in normal B cells in contrast to other B cell activation pathways (CD40, BCR). These BTLA functions were impaired in SLE B cells. Inhibition of SYK was found to mimic the effects of BTLA activity in vitro. Thus, is it possible that reduced BTLA expression and function of CD27-IgD+ antigen- and T cell-inexperienced SLE B cells could be overcome by SYK inhibition which should be test
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