Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
101,435 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Our blinded results based on two independent data sources confirm that simulations with the optimized population of human ventricular cell models enable efficient in silico drug screening, and also provide direct observation and mechanistic analysis of repolarization abnormality. Our results show that 1) the minimum set of ion channels required for reliable TdP risk predictions are Nav1.5 (peak), Cav1.
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Hence, in situations resembling the circumstances of this case study, the encapsulation of DNA in a gel nail prior to the attack of interest must be considered.Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photochemical reactions induced by a photosensitizer and light in the target tissue and is used to treat various cancers. There is a high degree of anticipation of success regarding the application of PDT with
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RESULTS The cohort included 1 098 935 men and 939 520 women. Hazard ratios (HRs) indicated null or inverse relationships comparing high probability to no exposure for prostate cancer HR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91-1.02; breast cancer HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90-0.99; and ovarian cancer HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.87-1.13. CONCLUSIONS This study showed inverse and null associations between shift work exposure and in
JosephsenHobbs2093
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In this review, we summarize and focus on the recent discoveries of promising macromolecules and cell-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer and provide implications for therapeutic strategies.In our investigation, the chemical composition and bioactive potential of leaf buds of raspberry, blackberry, and a raspberry-blackberry hybrid were determined. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties wer
TorpClemons5908
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A detailed description of the radiographic appearance of deciduous incisors and dental germs of permanent incisors will help clinicians to expand their knowledge for diagnostic or treatment purposes.Saliva is a biofluid that can be considered as a “mirror” reflecting our body’s health status. Vibrational spectroscopy, Raman and infrared, can provide a detailed salivary fingerprint that can be used for disease bioma
SniderKorsholm8467
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A novel biological approach using ark shell bivalves as potential species for remediation of effluents was studied to determine the microbial community interspecies interaction and nutrient cycling in a restoration system of mariculture effluents. A field study showed that Scapharca subcrenata was the main driver of the microbial community’s interspecies-interaction (PERMANOVA, R = 0.0572, P = 0.00
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Finally, there was agreement that current standard of care therapy for some forms of DCIS is overtreatment (median 4) and that active surveillance as an alternative management strategy should be studied (mean 4), but felt that ultrasound (median 4) and MRI (median 4) should be used to exclude women with occult invasive disease before active surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Breast radiologists’ opinions about DCI
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Choosing a 4 Seater Grey Leather Sofa
A four-seater leather sofa is a great option for any living space. It’s important to choose the right one for your space, however. It must not take up too much space or make the space feel tight.
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1 mmHg, 95% CI -7.4 to -2.4) and lower diastolic blood pressure (-4.0 mmHg, 95% CI -5.6 to -2.5). We did not observe differences in the odds of hypertension by CD4 count, viral load or ART among HIV positive individuals in this sample.
Hypertension was prevalent in one third of HIV negative individuals and in one fourth of HIV positive patients. While access to
MercadoRooney0720
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Two-dimensional grating couplers are important components for silicon photonic circuits to achieve light coupling from/to a fiber for both polarizations. A two-dimensional grating coupler structure with a high coupling efficiency and a low polarization dependent loss is demonstrated. Using two crossing ellipses as the grating scatter and a diamond-like grating lattice, the polarization dependent lo
MackRivera1410
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Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) causes caudalization of the patellar ligament insertion in canine medial patellar luxation, which can lead to increases in patellofemoral contact pressure.
The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of patellofemoral contact mechanics after craniolateral and caudolateral transposition of tibial tuberosity in normal canine hindlimbs
HolbrookBorre4653
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A novel internal circulation contact oxidation membrane bioreactor (ICCOMBR) was constructed to investigate a three steps startup strategy of single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (SPNA) system. A stable nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) of 86.60% was achieved with NH4+-N over 250 mg/L in nitritation process. The partial nitritation process could be effectively achieved by reducing th
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BlackburnBriggs5137
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Cattle showed also only partial protection when vaccinated with Romania SPPV and were fully protected with Neethling LSDV vaccine. This study showed that SPPV and GTPV vaccines are closely related with cross-protection, while LSDV protects only cattle against the corresponding disease, which suggests that vaccination against LSDV should be carried out with homologous strain.Moringa seeds have been used traditionall
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Mechanical thrombectomy is now the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusions, and can be performed with several devices and techniques. One of these techniques, direct aspiration (DA), consists of navigating a large-bore catheter up to the face of the clot and initiating forceful suction. This comprehensive review has three objectives (1) to describe the direct aspiration technique
MelgaardCase1972
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During mitotic chromosome segregation, the protease separase severs cohesin between sister chromatids. A probe for separase activity has shown that separase undergoes abrupt activation shortly before anaphase onset, after being suppressed throughout metaphase; however, the relevance of this control remains unclear. Here, we report that separase activates precociously, with res
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1 mg/kg according our previous study. Additionally, promethazine was showed a dose-dependent inhibition of writhes. The combination of different doses of promethazine (2, 4, 6 mg / kg) with diclofenac ED50 (9.1 mg / kg) was injected to mice. Promethazine 4 and 6 mg / kg in combination with diclofenac had significantly led to increase analgesic effect of diclofenac. Conclusion In concl
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75; 95% CI -5.68 to -1.83; p<0.0001; I
99.2%), visual processing (SMD -0.85; 95% CI -1.23 to -0.46; p 0.009; I
11.0%) and short memory (SMD 0.85; 95% CI -1.21 to -0.49; p<0.0001; I
0%) tests.
Normal cognitive development requires access to good and safe nutrition.
Normal cognitive devel
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g HCA, characterization of Gd-EOB uptake was found to provide the strongest discriminatory power in differentiating HCA from FNH. Furthermore, a lobulated appearance and a central scar are more frequently seen in FNH than in HCA.
Positive blood cultures showing Gram positive cocci in clusters signifies either Staphylococcus aureus or the less-virulent coagulase-negative sta
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tomy by the total extraperitoneal approach, showing that the short-stay ambulatory with extended recovery approach is safe, feasible and with a high success rate. Total extraperitoneal surgical approach is a critical factor for the success of the ambulatory with extended recovery protocol.
Genetic polymorphisms in the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase gene ERAP2 has been attri
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A wood burning fireplace can bring warmth and coziness to any room. Gas or electric fires simply can’t achieve this. They also look fantastic and can be the focal point of any living space.
It is important to use dry, well-seasoned wood. A fast burn is
SlaterNixon4881
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COVID-19 has attracted global attention due to its rapid spread around the world with substantial morbidity and associated mortality. Severe COVID-19 can be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock leading to death. These complications are thought to result from an overactivation of the immune system, leading to a cytokine storm syndr
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The results show that spectra preprocessing enhanced the quantitative predictive ability. For MPA I, RPD > 3.5, which expresses some very good to excellent quantitative predictions of the models. For SCiO, RPD > 2.5, which expresses a good quantitative predictive ability for quality control purposes. Thus, RPD statistics confirm that an SCiO could be used as a quality control tool.Glycoalkaloids (GAs) are toxic second
DavisDuckworth8836
AMI-1
Immune activation at the maternal-fetal interface is a main pathogenic factor of preeclampsia (PE). Neutrophils (PMNs) are activated in PE patients, but the mechanism and consequences of PMN activation need to be further explored. Here, we demonstrated that interleukin-32 (IL-32) expression was significantly upregulated in syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and that IL-32β was the major isoform with increased expression in the placent
HansonWeinstein6228
Usp22iS02
In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that a number of learning processes are at play in visuomotor adaptation tasks. In addition to implicitly adapting to a perturbation, learners can develop explicit knowledge allowing them to select better actions in responding to it. Advances in visuomotor rotation experiments have underscored the important role of such “explicit learning” in shaping adaptation to kinem
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OBJECTIVE Regional anesthesia (RA)-induced vasodilation increases the proportion of patients with vein anatomy suitable for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation. The functional outcomes of AVFs created with veins initially small for size on preoperative duplex ultrasound mapping (≤2.4 mm) that are recruited under RA have not been clearly defined. We aimed to evaluate freedom from revision or thrombosis
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Buying a Modern Leather Sofa
If you’re looking for a contemporary leather sofa that will last make sure you choose a durable framework and sustainable materials. Full-grain or top-grain leather is the most durable, however it’s also expensive.
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Those results encourage further exploration of H2 O2 -based arresting methanogenesis for VFAs production.
Fangcang Hospitals (cabin hospitals) played a key role in isolation and control of the infection sources during COVID-19 epidemic. Many patients at Fangcang Hospitals had complications or mental stress. As the doctors, nurses and paramedics presented in the emergency, there was a growing demand f
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CSGO case battles are a fascinating new method to earn valuable skins. They provide a secure alternative to the normal game case opening and offer a huge profit margin. To succeed in a case-fight players must be aware of a number of factors.
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When buying a leather couch it is crucial to choose a good quality. real leather sofa to fabric sofas, leather is relatively easy to clean and is resistant to staining.
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Why Landlords Need a Gas Safety Certificate
All landlords must ensure that their properties are equipped with an official Gas Safety Certificate. This certificate shows that a qualified engineer has examined every gas appliance and flues in the home, and that they a
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This is a longitudinal study of changes in smoking behaviour as well as becoming overweight/obese (OW/OB) and the strength of their association with personal factors such as self-control, mental health, and socioeconomic status (SES) versus their connection with the behaviour of other household members. Furthermore, we investigate that in terms of roles within a household, who is more vulnerable t
SalinasBendtsen8409
HTH-01-015
The accessions CTA002 and CTA003 showed greater forage yield in both Chile and Australia environments. It is concluded that new breeding lines derived from crosses between cultivated alfalfa (M. sativa subsp. sativa) and wild relatives belonging to the primary (M. sativa subsp. falcata) and tertiary (M. arborea) gene pool, achieve outstanding agronomical performance in drought-prone environments.Pediatric obesity rema
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Approximately 20% of the thyroid biopsies render an indeterminate (ID) cytology. We evaluated the diagnostic value of preoperative modified systemic inflammation score (mSIS) in predicting the malignancy of ID thyroid nodules (TNs).
Data of 162 patients with indeterminate TNs were examined retrospectively. The mSIS was calculated as follows mSIS 0 [patients with albumin (AL
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Obtaining Your Driving License Certificate
A driving license certificate serves as evidence that a person has completed a state-approved driver’s education program. This is required for all drivers who are younger than 18 years old.
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A Distressed Leather Sofa Is Both Sophisticated and Rustic
A leather sofa that is distressed is a unique way to add a bit of originality to a classic material. The leather lovers will find this style to be both sophisticated and rustic.
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These differences can be mostly attributed to how each individual stiffness method calculated leg length. It is important for researchers to understand these differences when conducting future studies and comparing past studies.
We aimed to identify gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards viral hepatitis among the Hong Kong public and provide insights to optimise local effo
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After the change in recommendations, the costs of RSVH also rose among 29-34 wGA infants. The severity of the illness and expenses associated with RSVH were generally higher among 29-34 wGA infants of younger chronologic age compared with older preterm infants. Overall, these studies underscore that 29-34 wGA infants continue to be a high-risk pediatric population that could benefit from the protection provided by RSV IP. On t
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L-Shaped Leather Couch – Versatile and Elegant
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The Importance of a Driving License Certificate
It is important that you prepare by studying the New York State Driver’s Manual and passing a written exam. The test is a multiple choice exam that is administered at the DMV. You can make an appointment online to avoid lengthy wait times.
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Using stable isotope analysis of nitrogen, for the first time the hypothesis on different sources of inorganic nutrients for two groups of littoral algae in Lake Baikal was confirmed. Strongly attached filamentous algae of genus Ulothrix, which developed in the wave-braking zone at depth 0.5 m, and loosely attached filamentous algae of genus Spirogyra, which developed in deeper layers 3.0-5.0 m in a low-turbulence zone
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Angiosarcomas (AS) represent a heterogenous group of tumors with variable clinical presentation. AS share an important morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap with other sarcomas, hence the differential diagnosis is challenging, especially in poorly-differentiated tumors. Although molecular studies provide significant clues, especially in the differential diagnosis with other vascular neoplasms, a thorough hem
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