Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
377,214 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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FreemanHogan4426
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of malignancy of synchronous Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 lesions identified by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with breast cancer that were followed up rather than biopsied.
From electronic medical records, we identified 99 patients treated in our institution for whom
RobertsonFunch8662
Santacruzamate A clinical trial
igarette debates occupy this ‘middle ground’ and express concerns that can be empirically assessed, implying evidence has the potential to play a more important role in settling e-cigarette debates than previous research suggests.
E-cigarette debates are likely to reconcile only if a clear majority of participants in the uncertain ‘middle ground’ settle on a more
BarnesBay4240
selleck inhibitor
Despite the importance of immunity against neuraminidase (NA), NA content and immunogenicity are neglected in current influenza vaccines. To address this, a recombinant N1/N2 NA vaccine (NAV) was developed. Stability assays were used to determine optimal temperature and buffer conditions for vaccine storage. The effect of divalent cation-related enhancement of NA stability and activity on N
JohnsonBloom9871
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ive week-one, final follow-up and preoperatively determined valgus of 2.34 ± 0.26° (
> 0.05). The postoperative week-one and final follow-up FFAs were 90.34 ± 1.53° and 90.33 ± 1.52°, respectively, and no significant difference was found compared with the preoperatively determined value of 90.12 ± 1.72° and the intraoperative setting value of 90.25 ± 1.67° (
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Together, key genes unraveled by genetic profiling may provide targets for precisely early risk diagnosis and prophylactic design to relieve severe COVID-19. The confounding epigenetic mechanisms may be key to understanding the clinical broadness of COVID-19 illness.Trigonella stellata has used in folk medicine as palatable and nutraceutical herb. It also regulates hypocholesterolemia, hypoglycemia, and has
McdowellKristensen4137
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80 ± 0.92 μg⋅g-1 dry weight (dw)); the Lesser black-backed gull had intermediate concentrations (0.61 ± 0.18 μg⋅g-1 dw); and the European herring gull had the lowest (0.37 ± 0.26 μg⋅g-1 dw). Individuals with the highest trophic position showed consistently the highest Hg concentrations. The positive relationship between Hg concentrations and the feeding habitat (marine vs terrestrial) indica
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There were significant differences in normalized torque at 5-25 and 40Hz and in normalized torque fluctuation at 15-30 and 40Hz between the two stimulus intensities. Extracted parameters showed no significant difference between the intensities.
The results suggest that force-frequency relationships during neuromuscular electrical stimulation are influenced by
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Although animal health surveillance programmes are useful for gaining information to help improve global health and food security, these programmes can be challenging to establish in developing economies with a low-resource base. This study focused on establishing a national surveillance system initiated by the Lao PDR government using a passive surveillance system of abattoir samples as a pilot model, and to gain informa
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The model also indicated that racial/ethnic associations with psychological mediators and outcomes are evident in the context of SES, but these effects might be suppressed when the model does not consider SES. Findings highlight the critical role of SES and race/ethnicity in determining the psychological and social well-being of sexual minority men. Specification of mediating variables-collective self-efficacy, everyda
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Although many nephrologists see value in maximizing clearance and time on dialysis, clinical trials have failed to show a clear and consistent benefit of increasing clearance above the minimum threshold level recommended in clinical practice guidelines or of increasing dialysis session length or frequency. Available evidence suggests that patients and clinicians do not necessarily agree on what matters most when it com
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05). Conversely, pair-feeding foz/foz mice failed to reduce HCC incidence. In these insulin-resistant foz/foz mice, exercise failed to activate hepatic AMPK or Akt/mTORC1. Instead, it improved insulin sensitivity, ameliorated steatosis and liver injury, activated p53 to increase p27 expression, and prevented JNK activation. This was associated with suppression of hepatocellular proliferation. DEN-injected Jnk1-/-.foz/foz m
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Nearly one in three postpartum VTEs are missed by the current quality metrics, with significant implications for outcomes and quality. For-profit hospitals have a significant portion of their VTE readmissions hidden, falsely lowering their readmiss
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5days, p = 0.01, adjusted for vomiting and ED severity). Laxative use days during past 28days was associated with current SI, adjusted for vomiting in the same period (p = 0.017).
Current and lifetime laxative misuse were associated with SA history and current SI in patients with ED, at least in part independently of other suicid
EgelundThybo7102
A-1210477 concentration
They also exhibited antifungal potential against carbendazim-resistant Botrytis cinerea. Cyclodepsipeptides 7-9 showed moderate nematicidal activities against the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). This study constitutes the first report on the antagonistic effects of metabolites from T. Longibrachiatum against soil-borne pathogens, also highlighting the integrated antagonistic potential
HardyWalsh9450
alk signals
The original article happens to be fixed.With the arrival of digital dentistry, we much more precise intraoral scanners (IOSs) than in the past. Conquering different difficulty with main-stream effect strategies, optical IOSs are actually widely used inside the restorative and orthodontic specialities. In the last few years, IOSs being steadily integrated into
StricklandFranks2988
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Onboard aircraft medical emergencies are on the rise as commercial air traffic is increasing. However, thoracic injury secondary to air travel is extremely rare and, most reported injuries are cases of pneumothoraces. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium have been barely reported in the medical literature as a complication of air travel. We are reporting a case of spontaneous pneumopericardium a
WootenLiu4263
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Impaired modulation of paretic gait kinetics during slow walking places people post-stroke at high risks for slip-related falls. These findings suggest the need for developing gait retraining paradigms for slow walking in individuals chronically post-stroke that target the ability of the paretic limb to modulate braking forces.Carriers of genetic material are divided into vectors of viral and non-viral origin. Viral carriers are alread
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deltoides WV94, the current assembly had some significantly improved qualities the contig N50 increased 3.5-fold and the proportion of gaps decreased from 3.2% to 0.08%. This high-quality, well-annotated genome assembly provides a reliable genomic resource for identifying genome variants among individuals, mining candidate genes that control growth and wood quality traits, and facilitating further application of
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Liberty-restricting measures have been implemented for centuries to limit the spread of infectious diseases. This article considers if and when it may be ethically acceptable to impose selective liberty-restricting measures in order to reduce the negative impacts of a pandemic by preventing particularly vulnerable groups of the community from contracting the disease. We argue that the commonly accepted explanation-that l
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New-onset AF is frequently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with sepsis. This is a clinical issue that warrants more attention and should be managed appropriately to prevent poor prognosis.
New-onset AF is frequently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with sepsis. This is a clinical issue that warrants more attention and should be managed appropriately to prevent poor progno
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There has been a recent surge in interest in predicting biological effects associated with genomic alterations in order to implement personalized cancer treatment strategies. However, no reports have yet evaluated the utility of profiling blood-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with lenvatinib (LEN).
We retrospectively per
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The persistence of this strain in the veterinary hospital represented a risk of further a
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Coupling skin colour with the light/dark cycle helps regulate body temperature in ectotherms. In X. laevis, nocturnal release of melatonin from the pineal complex induces pigment aggregation and skin lightening. This nocturnal blanching is initiated by a sensor (type II opsin) that triggers melatonin release when light intensity falls below a minimum threshold, and an effector (melatonin receptor) in the sk
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The implant survival rate was 100%. The prosthetic success was 93.3%.
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CSS seems to represent a viable option for capturing accurate intraoral digital impressions for the fabrication of precise long-spa
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Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is routinely diagnosed by cardiac imaging, mostly by echocardiography, and shown to be a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias. While MAD is associated with mitral valve (MV) prolapse (MVP), it is unknown which patients with MAD are at higher risk and which additional imaging features may help identify them. The value of cardiac computed tomography (CCT) for the diag
BankBrantley6851
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Positive experiences with the introduction of solid food in infancy may lead to positive associations with feeding in both parent and infant. During this transitional period, parental feeding behavior and infant eating behavior might mutually reinforce each other. A feeding style that is found to be associated with positive child eating behavior, is sensitive feeding. In the present study we tested bidirectional
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0±4.3°; range 1.0-18.3°) or reconstruction (5.0±3.6°; range 1.3-14°; p=0.53). Overall knee outcomes were good; the mean Lysholm score at final follow-up was 75.5±16.8 (range 36-100). No significant differences were identified in any of the sub-groups. Conclusions We were unable to identify any differences in knee proprioceptive acuity between injured knees and controls nor between the types of surgical treatment,
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Saliva facilitates feed ingestion, nutrient circulation, and represents an important pH buffer for ruminants, especially for cattle fed high-concentrate diets that promote rumen acidification. This experiment evaluated the short-term effects of nine phytogenic compounds on salivation, saliva physico-chemical composition as well as ingested feed boli characteristics in cattle. A total of nine ru
CaldwellMedeiros0960
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Background Hypertension is the most frequent co-morbidity in patients with covid-19 infection, and we might speculate that a specific blood group could play a key role in the clinical outcome of hypertensive patients with covid-19. Methods In this prospective study, we compared 0 vs. non-0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19 infection. In these patients, we evaluated inflammatory and throm
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2-h glucose levels improved significantly stronger in both upper tertiles (-0.9 [-1.6;-0.2] mmol/l, p = 0.047, and -0.6 [-1.6;0.3] mmol/l, p = 0.010) compared to the lowest tertile (0.1 [-1.2;1.1] mmol/l), also when adjusted for changes in bodyweight. Subjects with the highest fibre intake showed superior effects on fasting and postprandial insulin resistance, hepatic insulin clearance, leucocyte count and fatty
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Volunteer infection studies using the induced blood stage malaria (IBSM) model have been shown to facilitate antimalarial drug development. Such studies have traditionally been undertaken in single-dose cohorts, as many as necessary to obtain the dose-response relationship. To enhance ethical and logistic aspects of such studies, and to reduce the number of cohorts needed to establish the dose-response r
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INTRODUCTION In-flight medical emergencies (IFMEs) average 1 of every 604 flights and are expected to increase as the population ages and air travel increases. Flight diversions, or the rerouting of a flight to an alternate destination, occur in 2 to 13% of IFME cases, but may or may not be necessary as determined after the fact. Estimating the effect of IFME diversions compared to nonmedical diversions can be expecte
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The purpose of the present study was to quantify differences in lower extremity reach performance, static posturography and gait outcomes between young (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years) and older (60-79 years) adults using identical tests and parameters. This was a cross-sectional study with three parallel groups (young [20-39 years] vs. intermediate [40-59 years] vs. older [60-79 years] adults). In a ran
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Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies are currently used in the clinic to interupt the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint, which reverses T cell dysfunction/exhaustion and shows success in treating cancer. Here, we report a histone demethylase inhibitor, 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline (IOX1), which inhibits tumour histone demethylase Jumonji domain-containing 1A (JMJD1A) and thus down
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The mean levodopa dose was higher in the patients with posture disorders. The initial symptom was bradykinesia and the Hoehn and Yahr’s score was ⩾ 3 in the majority of the patients with posture disorder. Additionally, constipation, hallucinations, postural instability, and falls were significantly more common in patients with posture disorders.
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The proposed IMU-based targeted BBT protocol allows to assess the upper limb function during manual dexterity tasks and could be used in the future for assessing the efficacy of rehabilitative treatments.Chromosome 22q11.21 copy number variant (CNV) is a vital risk factor that can be a genetic predisposition to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). As 22q11.21 CNV affects multiple genes, causal disease genes and mechanisms a
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Electroencephalograms (EEG) performed for 32.9% of the patients (n = 50) were abnormal for 74% (n = 37). We described the world’s biggest case series of ceftriaxone-induced serious CNS ADRs. Explorations (plasma concentrations, EEG) are contributive to confirm the ceftriaxone toxicity-induced. Clinicians may be cautious with the use of ceftriaxone, especially in the older age or renal
HunterCallahan1085
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WorkmanWilliford1809
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The identification of synthetic routes that end with the desired product is considered an inherently time-consuming process that is largely dependent on expert knowledge regarding a limited proportion of the entire reaction space. At present, emerging machine learning technologies are reformulating the process of retrosynthetic planning. This study aimed to discover synthetic routes backwardly from a given desired molecul
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Mean gestational age and birth weight of the 123 PT/VLBW children were 27.8 (2.3) weeks and 939 (194) grams while that of the 74 term controls were 38.8 (1.2) weeks and 3165 (402) grams. PT/VLBW survivors had statistically significant lower full composite scores on WPPSI-III (97.0 vs 114), BSRA-3 (98.5 vs 112.3) and VMI (107.2 vs 112.9) compared to controls. The differences remained significant in preterm and childr
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RussellAycock0368
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Postoperative SNOT-22 total (17.25 [±10.81] vs. 14.85 [±14.22], p = 0.609) and subdomain scores were similar between the two groups. Conclusions Adherus dural sealant appears to be a safe alternative to Duraseal in ESBS with comparable quality of life outcomes and imaging findings. These preliminary results are promising but should be examined in a larger population with long-term follow-up.Objective Most pituitary
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The objective of this study is to determine the contribution made by knowledge of letters, phonological awareness, phonological memory, and alphanumeric and non-alphanumeric rapid automatized naming at the ages of six and seven to the ability of Spanish children to read words at 7 years of age. A total of 116 Spanish-speaking school children took part in the study, from schools loc
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