Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
295,146 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Nutrient reuse and recycling is a key strategy towards more circular and sustainable food systems and depends on the specific conditions of the area under study, such as geography and the type of agricultural system. In this study we analysed nutrient flows and assessed the circularity of a livestock-dominated and export-oriented agro-food system at different system levels and spatial scales. We quantified the nitroge
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Ruboxistaurin clinical trial
The reference equations currently used in lung function laboratories predicted higher
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ted that women hold positive beliefs and perceive PA as beneficial to their health and the baby; however, they received most of their information from the Internet. Most women regarded pregnancy as a period to relax and rest. Interventions to promote PA during pregnancy are needed.
Sulfamethazine (SMZ) exposed in the environment can enter the human body through the food chain and pose a serious threat to human healt
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The rapid emergence of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic that presents an urgent human health crisis. Many SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were developed with efficient therapeutic potential. NAbs-based therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 are being expedited to preclinical and clinical studies with two antibody drugs
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In summary, m6A RNA methylation regulators play a potential role in the progression of gliomas. YTHDF1 may have an essential function in glioma diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.Aim Standards for health care quality, access and evaluation of early intervention in psychosis services are required to assess implementation, provide accountability to service users and funders and support quality assurance. The aim of this
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BACKGROUND Complications, especially delayed alveolar healing, are common following equine cheek teeth extraction, however limited objective information is available on the prevalence and nature of these problems. OBJECTIVES To document the type and prevalence of complications that occur following equine cheek tooth extraction and to identify possible risk factors for these complications that could be used to predic
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Firefighters face numerous challenges and dangers when responding to emergency situations, and one critical aspect of their work is ensuring proper ventilation at the scene of a fire. Effective ventilation techniques can help improve visibility, reduce heat and smoke buildup, and increase overall safety for both firef
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In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the expressions of two cancer testis antigens (CTA), LY6K (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus K) and CDCA1 (cell division cycle associated 1), in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumors and the long-term outcomes of pati
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0. Meanwhile, most soil fertility was preserved ammonium nitrogen was increased 3.9 times; the increase in exchangeable potassium was 33%; and the reduction in available P was only 10%.As one of the most important paradigms of recurrent neural networks, the echo state network (ESN) has been applied to a wide range of fields, from robotics to medicine, finance, and language processing. A key
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In recent years, analytic philosophers have begun to recognize the value of the French school of historical epistemology (as embodied by figures such as Jean Cavaillès, Gaston Bachelard, Georges Canguilhem, and Michel Foucault) for contemporary debates in the history and philosophy of science. This tradition, which some characterize as a ‘French’ approach to the philosophy of science, however, remains largely un-read by main
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Only 2 patients required revision surgery. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 24 months. The survival rate was 68.2% overall and 73.5% for diabetics alone. The difference in outcomes with a single surgery versus multiple surgeries was not significant (p = 0.09) CONCLUSION A surgical protocol involving bilateral FESS along with debridement of visibly affected areas and antifungal therapy avoids repeated surgery in pati
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The sources of the assessed HMs were inferred based on a correlation analysis and principal component analysis, which identified both natural and anthropogenic sources. A higher pollution potential was associated with Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn in the midstream and downstream areas due to higher organic and carbonate content, urbanization, agricultural activities, and leisure activities (e.g., boating and cruises). In
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This finding will require rethinking current concepts concerning the central thermoregulatory pathways based on the MnPOEP3R neurons being GABAergic.Significant StatementBody temperature is regulated by the central nervous system. The rise of the body temperature, or fever, is an important brain-orchestrated mechanism for fighting against infectious or inflammatory disease, and is tightly regula
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Azadirachtin exhibits excellent bioactivities against several hundred arthropods. However, current knowlege of its biochemical effect on B. dorsalis larvae is not deep enough. In this study, integrated LC-MS and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics were used to analyze the changes of endogenous metabolites and the biochemical effects of azadirachtin on B. dorsalis larvae. Azadirachtin has excellent bioactivitie
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These results suggest that the single-egg is not only a reduction of reproductive output per clutch, but it may provide negative effect on ontogeny.
To evaluate cardiovascular safety of two new inhaled fixed-dose combinations for treatment of asthma (i) the inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2-agonist (ICS/LABA) mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate (MF/IND), (ii) the ICS/LABA/long-acting muscari
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The prevalence of obesity continues to grow rapidly worldwide, posing many public health challenges of the 21st century. Obese subjects are at major risk for serious diet-related noncommunicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying obesity pathogenesis is needed for the development of ef
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OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between menopausal status and mental well-being, and whether this relationship varies as a function of physical activity (PA). METHODS Based on a hormonal analysis and bleeding diary, women aged 47 to 55 were categorized as pre (n = 304), early peri (n = 198), late peri (n = 209), or postmenopausal (n = 387). Mental well-being was assessed using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies De
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The time-frequency analysis revealed that mu rhythm suppression in response to scratching images was significantly prominent in patients with AD, but not in HCs.
Patients with AD exhibited increased susceptibility to contagious itch. This phenomenon might be related to enhanced mu rhythm suppression in sensorimotor areas of the brain in these patients. Our findings provide new insi
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To derive a clinical prediction rule for early recovery of knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty.
This prospective cohort study evaluated the data of 273 individuals undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty. The individual factors, the physical and motor function data were assessed preoperatively upon admission as a baseline survey. The knee joint extension angle and kn
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Generation, storage, and management of waste coming from industrial processes are a growing worldwide problem. One of the main contributors is the mining industry, in particular tailings generated by historical mining, which are barely maintained, especially in developing countries. Assessing the impact of a mining site to surrounding soils and ecosystems can be complex, especially when determining mobility a
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Immunology inhibitor
BACKGROUND Government of India is introducing new and relatively costly vaccines under immunization program. Monitoring of vaccine wastage is needed to guide the program implementation and forecasting. Under pilot introduction of rotavirus vaccine in two districts both 5- and 10-doses vials were used, which was considered as an opportunity for documenting the wastage. The wastage rates for other r
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The family of human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MRs) is characterized by a high sequence homology among the five subtypes (M1R-M5R), being the reason for a lack of subtype selective MR ligands. In continuation of our work on dualsteric dibenzodiazepinone-type M2R antagonists, a series of M2R ligands containing a dibenzodiazepinone pharmacophore linked to small basic peptides was synthesized (64 compounds).
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Immobilization of enzyme based on combination of adsorption and cellulose derivative membrane coating was established in this work for the first time. Laccase, a commonly used enzyme in varied fields, was chosen as the model enzyme to demonstrate this method. After investigating operational conditions, the optimal process was obtained as follows diatomite or HPD-417 as the adsorption carrier, 0.5% (w/v) methylce
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A lattice Boltzmann (LB) model with an efficient and accurate interface treatment for conjugate heat transfer across a thin wall between two different media is developed. The proposed interface treatment avoids fine meshing and computation within the thin layer; instead, the energy balance within the thin layer and the conjugate conditions on each interface are utilized to construct explicit updating sch
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Previous research has documented that children count spatiotemporally-distinct partial objects as if they were whole objects. This behavior extends beyond counting to inclusion of partial objects in assessment and comparisons of quantities. Multiple accounts of this performance have been proposed children and adults differ qualitatively in their conceptual representations, children lack the processing sk
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The Z + NS group had an increased visceral hypersensitivity as compared to control group. Rats treated with BSES (Z + BSES group) had decreased AWR scores and amplitude of bladder detrusor-EMG. Besides, BSES treatment improved overactive bladder with significant effects on the extend of micturition interval and increase of storage of urine.
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