Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
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Our results substantiate that cross-linked filaments contribute, for the most part, to the mechanical strength of the cytoskeleton of the cell studied and the relaxation time is determined by the dissociation dynamics of the cross-linking proteins. The severity of biomechanical defects due to these LMNA mutations correlated with the severity of the clinical phenotype.BACKGROUND Schwannoma is an extremely r
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6%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that the probability of finding a M. iowae-positive submission was four times higher if the animals showed skeletal abnormalities (OR = 4.48, IC 95% 1.66-12.15). This is the first retrospective, cross-sectional study on M. iowae field outbreaks in commercial turkeys. These results suggest that M. iowae should be considered as a differential diagnosis when skeletal
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Breathing motion is challenging for radiotherapy planning and delivery. This requires advanced four-dimensional (4D)-imaging and motion mitigation strategies and associated validation tools with known deformations. Numerical phantoms such as the XCAT provide reproducible and realistic data for simulation-based validation. However, the XCAT generates partially inconsistent and non-invertible deformations where tumours
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Biogenic microtubular iron oxides (BIOXs) derived from Leptothrix spp. are known as promising multifunctional materials for industrial applications such as ceramic pigments and catalyst carriers. Here, we report unprecedented BIOX products with additive depositions of various metallic elements prepared by a newly devised “two-step” method using an artificial culture system of Leptothrix cholodnii strain
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Wild animals, such as rodents seem to be competent reservoir of bacteria-borne zoonotic diseases which disseminate in human. We investigated the presence of E. coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and Salmonella in the feces of six category wild rodent species (Apodemus agrarius, A. peninsulae, A. sylvaticus, Micromys minutus, Myodes regulus, and R. norvegicus) captured from different agricultural r
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The presence of semantic memory dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been widely investigated. Several studies have showed a higher degree of impairment in naming persons and objects, compared to general semantic knowledge in early stages of AD. The aim of this study was to investigate if the Famous Faces Naming Test can help to differentiate patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who will progress t
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Silicosis is an occupational respiratory disease caused by long-term excessive silica inhalation, which is most commonly encountered in industrial settings. Unfortunately, there is no effective therapy to delay and cure the progress of silicosis. In the recent years, stem cell therapy has emerged as an attractive tool against pulmonary fibrosis (PF) owing to its unique biological characteristics. However, the d
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Results Among all chitosan oligosaccharides, the COS > degrees of polymerization (DP) 4 showed anti-inflammatory activities (the activity order was chitopentaose 4). The levels of ROS/RNS had a strong relationship with cardiac parameters. Conclusions Chitoheptaose plays a myriad of cardioprotective roles in the myocarditis model via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Copyright © 2020 Qini Zha
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It is recommended that Mexican oil company calculates more precise and updated emission inventories, considering not only a higher sulfur content of the gas emitted to the atmosphere and its combustion process but also from other existing sources of SO2 emission in this region.The continuous deterioration of drinking water quality supplies by several anthropogenic activities is a serious global challenge in recen
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Iron tailings are fine, stable and complex materials, which are mainly composed of minerals and metal oxides. Residual silicon in iron tailings can be used to prepare mesoporous silica materials applied to energy storage, environmental protection and other fields. This paper reported a novel synthesis strategy from iron tailings to high-surface area hexagonally ordered mesoporous silica materials in an innovative no
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Coagulopathy related to venous malformations can be life threatening. This complication is little known and underestimated.
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There has been a pronounced increase in online shopping since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. We study the effect of the pandemic on demand for online grocery shopping specifically, using municipality-level data from a Dutch online supermarket. We find that an additional hospital admission increased app traffic by 7.3 percent and sales per order by 0.31 percent. Local hospital admissions do not correlate
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Respondents who did not conduct 100% monitoring, included 1-25% of data points for SDV, centralized or on-site monitoring. The incidence of adverse events and protocol deviations were the most likely factors to trigger a site visit for risk-based triggered (63% and 44%) and centralized monitoring (48% and 44%), respectively.
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In terms of RI, rheumatologists and RA patients viewed time with optimal QoL R 23.41%/P 35.05%; substantial symptom improvement R 13.15%/P 3.62%; time to onset of treatment action R 16.24%/P 13.56%; severe adverse events R 10.89%/P 11.20%; mild adverse events R 4.16%/P 0.91%; mode of administration R 25.23%/P 25.00%; and added cost R 6.93%/P 10.66%. Nearly 73% of RA patients were involved in treatment decision-making to
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Large animal teaching hospitals often struggle to maintain consistent teaching caseloads, which are affected by seasonal variations, economic pressures, increased abilities of local large animal practices to hospitalize large animals, and client intolerance for the operational needs of an academic mission. Non-academic large animal practices enjoy a more consistent caseload but suffer from a lack of emergency relief and a limited abili
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To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) using Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computer-adaptive testing assessments in patients undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The secondary purpose was to identify which preoperative patient factors are associated with MCID achievement.
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