Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
297,371 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Grazing exclosure (GE) is used to improve rangelands in the dry area of the world, so it is important to investigate its effects on soil physicochemical and erodibility properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of long-term GE on the physicochemical and erodibility properties of soil and vegetation as compared with open grazing (OG) areas in Bozdaghi region of North Khorasan province, Iran
SnowLindholm8251
Apalutamide
This study explores the pattern of cutaneous malignancies seen in albinos in South East Nigeria. Objective To determine the pattern of cutaneous malignancies among albinos in Anambra state, Nigeria. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study conducted in Anambra State, Nigeria. Ninety albinos from the Albino foundation Anambra state were recruited. Malignant dermatoses were characterized clinically and confirmed by h
ArmstrongWoods2858
selleckchem
Objectives Sexual minorities face significant psychosocial stressors (such as discrimination and violence) that impact their health. Several studies indicate that sexual minority women (SMW) and bisexual men may be at highest risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but limited research has examined physiological CVD risk or racial/ethnic differences. This study sought to examine racial/ethnic differences in physiological ri
KirkegaardYork6724
SU5402 in vitro
Fear and exploration are crucial traits determining how animals behave in novel situations, and thus, they influence animal welfare. The aim of this study was the characterization of these behavioral traits among different strains to identify interesting alternatives for future poultry production. Whereas the Novel Object Test (NOT) focuses on fear and exploration of novel objects, the Avoidance Distance Test (ADT) a
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5% CI 1.60-2.81).
Educational interventions that increase the awareness of health risks associated with inadequate hay fever management and measures to increase self-efficacy might be beneficial for the promotion of appropriate hay fever management among allergic individuals.
Educational interventions that increase the awareness of health risks associat
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Perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) has proximate relation to the aortic and tricuspid valves as well as the conduction tissues. Transcatheter closure utilizes various off-label device designs.
Perimembranous VSD without aortic margin were classified as group A, with thick aortic margin as group B, with membranous septal aneurysm as group C and defects restricte
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The accuracy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy to assess gallbladder function remains controversial. National supply shortages of pharmaceutical-grade cholecystokinin led to the use of an oral fatty meal to stimulate gallbladder contraction during hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The goal of this study was to compare the predictive indices of cholecystokinin and fatty meal ingestion for stimulation of gallbladder contra
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Besides, HF-L showed a reduction in the genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress Chop, Atf4, and Gadd45 coupled with reduced apoptotic nuclei immunostaining. CONCLUSION Linagliptin caused a marked reduction in hepatic steatosis as a secondary effect of its glucose-lowering property. NAFLD countering involved reduced lipogenesis, increased beta-oxidation, and relief in endop
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Moreover, some of them were associated with different dressings and were tested for clinical purposes, including pluronic gel, nano-capsules, collagen films and matrices, and polymeric bandages. Therefore, future research is still needed to evaluate these dressing technologies in association with different bioactive fatty acids in a wound healing context. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review sum
DealPritchard0963
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According to the wavefront phenomenon described in the late 1970s, myocardial infarction triggered by acute coronary occlusion progresses with increasing duration of ischemia as a transmural wavefront from the subendocardium toward the subepicardium. However, whether wavefront progression of necrosis also occurs laterally has been disputed. We aimed to assess the transmural and lateral spread of myocardia
PollockKok0061
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vibration stimulation application in ventrogluteal region on intramuscular injection pain and patient satisfaction.
Intramuscular injection pain caused distress for the patients and affected their compliance with the treatment.
This was a prospective, single-blind, cross-over study. The st
CormierHopkins3616
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administrative registries, this is a valuable data source for epidemiological research on SARS-CoV-2.
The Danish COVID-19 cohort includes all Danish residents with an RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Through individual-level linkage with existing Danish health and administrative registries, this is a valuable data source for epidemiological research on SARS-CoV-2.Previous studies have shown a strong co
GibbsBunn1700
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However, 33% of the participants completing the study (9/27) experienced reductions in fatigue above the minimal important change. On Plenadren, we found larger between-person variances and smaller within-person variances. Finally, we identified diurnal fatigue curves for both treatments.
The Plenadren-related reduction in fatigue was significant but not necessarily of clinic
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The study also proposed another possible mechanism of FLT3 genes in leukemogenesis.Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Pakistan faces a high epidemic of CAD, and the disease burden is increasing with the passage of time. Several genetic markers have been reported to be significantly associated with CAD; one of them is the lipoprotein A gene. The aim of the current investigation was t
TurnerMcgowan6954
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Persistent infections caused by the superbug
and its resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents are huge threats to patients with cystic fibrosis as well as those with compromised immune systems. Multidrug-resistant
has posed a major challenge to conventional antibiotics and therapeutic approaches, which show limited efficacy and cause serio
BurchMadsen0139
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Quercetin (QU) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were loaded in phosphatidic acid-liposomes (QU/RA-PA-liposomes) with surface apolipoprotein E (ApoE) using a process of thin-film hydration, followed by covalent crosslinking to activate biological pathways for penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and redeeming the neuronal apoptosis from attack of β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42) and neurofibrillary tangles. The conjugation
JantzenMathiesen6002
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TGF-β1 phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Smad2/3 to induce AmeloD expression, whereas treatment with the MEK inhibitor, U0126, inhibited AmeloD induction. Promoter analysis of AmeloD revealed that the proximal promoter of AmeloD showed high activity in dental epithelial cell lines, which was enhanced following TGF-β1 stimulation. These results suggested that TGF-β1 activates AmeloD transcription via ERK1/2 phosph
GrossmanBlake7833
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Temporal variability of plant-pollinator interactions is important for fully understanding the structure, function, and stability of plant-pollinator networks, but most network studies so far have ignored within-day dynamics. Strong diel dynamics (e.g., a regular daily cycle) were found for networks with Cichorieae, which typically close their flowers around noon. Her
FletcherKusk3808
selleck
The psychological well-being of students affects their academic achievement, social relationships and school coexistence and is something that families worry about. This aspect becomes vital when students have atypical development and/or specific needs. Studies on the impact of giftedness on students’ self-concept and self-esteem offer mixed results. Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a key factor for their well-being that must be developed by educ
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Down syndrome (DS), caused by the trisomy of chromosome 21, is one of the common chromosomal disorders, the main clinical manifestations of which are delayed nervous development and intellectual disability. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical roles in various biological processes, including cell growth, cell cycle regulation and differentiation. The roles of abnormally expressed lncRNAs have b
TravisMangum8162
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tences generated from clinical notes in the real world. It attracted a large number of international teams. The ClinicalSTS shared task could continue to serve as a venue for researchers in natural language processing and medical informatics communities to develop and improve semantic textual similarity techniques for clinical text.
Medical articles covering adverse drug events (ADEs) are systema
BruusMadden6694
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001), the number of children (P=0.01), parity (P=0.005), health status (P=0.04), and being on sick leave over last year (P=0.04) were significantly correlated with medium-high levels of burnout. Burnout scores were higher in midwives having a life partner and those without children.
Following the results, no participant obtained a critical level of BS; about one-third of th
FengerEdmondson0972
Mycro 3 clinical trial
glycines resistance. In some instances, altered COG gene expression changes the relative transcript abundance of syntaxin 31. These results indicate that the G. max COG complex functions through processes involving ETI leading to H. glycines resistance.Autophagy, an intracellular catabolic pathway featuring lysosomal degradation, is a central component of the host immune defense against various infections inc
CraneCooper1800
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Introduction Superficial venous aneurysms are uncommon entities though venous Doppler has facilitated the detection of asymptomatic small aneurysms. Thromboembolic complications are rare with superficial venous aneurysms. The data regarding optimal therapy and pathogenesis of superficial venous aneurysm is sparse and is limited to isolated case reports.Methods Here, we present an unusual case of thrombosed large great saphen
KearneyWeaver6445
Selleckchem Ricolinostat
An extremely rare case of fibrolipoma in the hard palate is presented and discussed with reference to the literature. An 85-year-old woman visited the Tokyo Dental College Chiba hospital in September 2016 with the chief complaint of a mass in the hard palate. The patient had first become aware of this mass several years earlier. An examination at another hospital in June 2009 resulted in a cli
NavarroBunn3859
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The predictive model algorithm had a c-statistic of 0.95. The model’s probability threshold of 0.60 excluded 89% (84/94) of false positives identified by the screening algorithm, with a PPV of 94% (95% CI 91%-98%). The model excluded very few true positives (15 of 178), and identified 92% (95% CI 87%-96%) of the cases selected by the screening algorithm.
Predictive
FrankBusk8286
Tideglusib chemical structure
Epidural analgesia or anesthesia is a common procedure for pain relief, especially in obstetrics. Pneumorrhachis and pneumothorax are rare complications of epidural analgesia. They are considered asymptomatic entities but have recently caused increased morbidity and mortality. As the use of epidural analgesia and anesthesia increased significantly in the last decade, clinicians must be aware of this
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The analysis of the genetic control fit with a recessive monogenic inheritance model, and after genotyping with SNPs distributed along the C. sativus genome, a QTL associated with ToLCNDV resistance was identified in chromosome 2 of cucumber.The diversity efforts disparity in academic medicine can be defined as part of the minority tax that negatively impacts faculty who are underrepresent
PaulMerrill5356
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To assess yield of elective coronary angiography and gender differences in primary care patients suspected to have stable coronary artery disease (SCAD).
Information was gathered from an angiography registry, referral texts of the general practitioners and medical records made by the cardiologists in secondary care.
Angiography registry data analyses of the Turk
HarrisBennedsen0722
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30) and 121% (95% CI 1.11-4.45) higher of HWP than the vitamin D sufficiency group. CONCLUSION Vitamin D insuffiency and deficiency were associated with a higher prevalence of HWP among children, regardless of the presence of other cardiometabolic risk factors, indicating an additional risk of inadequate vitamin D status to cardiometabolic health in childhood. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press o
KarlsenWeber9286
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This study confirms the facial candling use among patients with AR although the percentage is low. The patients a
DealHusum3282
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Diabetes is a risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Studies have demonstrated that diabetes may affect IVDD through transcriptional regulation; however, whether post-transcriptional regulation is involved in diabetic IVDD (DB-IVDD) is still unknown. This study was performed to illustrate the role of HuR, an RNA-binding protein, in DB-IVDD development and its mechanism.
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BartonMcWilliams7770
Entinostat molecular weight
ed without a pretreatment ultrasound. This method of service delivery has the potential to greatly improve access to abortion care in the United States.
Medical abortion using telemedicine and mail is effective and can be safely provided without a pretreatment ultrasound. This method of service delivery has the potential to greatly improve access to abortion care in the United States.
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HirschDuncan8514
Selleckchem HS94
Light-responsive modulation of the longitudinal (T1) and transversal relaxation times of a fluorinated cyclodextrin has been achieved by host-guest complexation with arylazopyrazole-modified metal complexes in aqueous solution. This supramolecular concept can potentially be applied to the development of contrast agents for 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Based on first-principle calculations, we proposed a one tw
HedrickLanghoff8839
ISRIB cell line
An accurate prediction of atomic diffusion in Fe alloys is challenging due to thermal magnetic excitations and magnetic transitions. We propose an efficient approach to address these properties via a Monte Carlo simulation, using ab initio-based effective interaction models. The temperature evolution of self- and Cu diffusion coefficients in α-iron are successfully predicted, particularly the diffusion acceleration ar
PriceJohannessen8369
selleck
This study was designed to explore the clinical significance of changes in troponin T (cTnT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in patients with heart failure (HF).
A total of 193 patients with HF admitted to our hospital from October 2013 to June 2019 were enrolled as the study subjects (group A). Another 191 healthy controls were included as gro
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GranthamLevy6004
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Background To investigate whether shifted timing of eating, breakfast skipping, induces alterations in the circadian clock and abnormal lipid metabolism, we have established a delayed meal timing (DMT) protocol for rats, which started eating food 4 h delay. In the present study, control and DMT rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet during zeitgeber time (ZT) 12-24 and ZT 16-4, respectively. The DMT protocol increased the hepatic lipids and
KanstrupVelez8925
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y, significant RORs of suicidality and psychological adverse events were associated with finasteride use in patients younger than 45 years who used finasteride for alopecia. The sensitivity analyses suggest that these disproportional signals of adverse events may be due to stimulated reporting and/or younger patients being more vulnerable to finasteride’s adverse effects.
In this pharmacov
MiddletonSandberg3279
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05) differences. Higher AST and lower ALP activity were recorded in the sample treated with K2EDTA compared to overall values in serum. Morphometric analysis showed an increase in the RBC perimeter area in samples treated with K2EDTA as compared to samples treated with lithium heparin. On the basis of above findings, it is recommended that in fish blood analysis heparin as anticoagulant could be
KnightHead0739
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Background Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients have a similar mortality rate. In this study, we sought to determine the short- and long-term outcome of TTS patients as compared to ACS patients both treated with beta-blockers. Objectives In the present study we described the data of 5 years of follow up of 103 TTS and 422 ACS patients both treated with beta-blockers.
CrowderFrom1713
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09 (1.05-1.13), 1.00 (0.88-1.12) and 1.08 (0.96-1.21), respectively, for PCa, BCa and CRC.
Assessing the calibration of polygenic risk scores is necessary and feasible to ensure their reliability prior to clinical implementation.
Assessing the calibration of polygenic risk scores is necessary and feasible to ensure their reliability prior to clinical implementation.Episodic memory
HuberGamble4600
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Repeated blood feedings are required for adult female mosquitoes to maintain their gonadotrophic cycles, enabling them to be important pathogen carriers of human diseases. Elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying developmental switches between these mosquito gonadotrophic cycles will provide valuable insight into mosquito reproduction and could aid in the identification of targets to disrupt these cycles, thereby
PetterssonWilliamson2633
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The present paper discusses how cultural context can be used as an essential tool in the diagnosis of mental disorders as well as in segregating individuals with normal or abnormal personality functioning. Further, such information about the culture can be used to diagnose individuals specifically with borderline personality disorder (BPD). BPD is a mental illness marked by impulsivity and instability in
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Thus, for the CER NS with the acyl chain in the central layer, this demonstrates an extended conformation. Electron density distribution profiles identified that the lipid structure remains consistent regardless of the lipid’s lateral packing phase, this may be partially due to the anchoring of the extended CER NS. The presented results provide a more detailed insight on the internal arrangement of
HubbardHealy6483
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The methylation risk was negatively correlated with innated and adaptive immune cells, and positively correlated with total mutation load, SCNA, and MATH.
We validated a multi CpG methylation panel that could independently predict the OS of BC patients. The Th2-mediated tumor promotion effect-suppression of innate and adaptive immunity-participated in the progression of high-risk BC. Patients with high m
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