Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states.
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
181,792 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Poorer, hotter countries are more vulnerable to climate change and will experience more negative impacts. The pattern of vulnerability between countries is used to impute impacts for income deciles within countries, for administrative regions, and for grid cells. Almost three-quarters of people will face worse impacts than their country average. Between-country variation is larger than within-country variation for
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Bone metastasis involves tumor-induced osteoclast activation, resulting in skeletal tumor progression as well as skeletal disorders. Aberrant expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), an essential cytokine for osteoclast differentiation, induced by the metastatic tumor cells is responsible for the pathological bone resorption in bone metastasis. A fully human anti-RANKL neutralizing ant
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OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB), the most common intraocular malignancy in children, is caused by biallelic inactivation of the human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1). We are evaluating the impact of the type of RB1 gene mutation on clinical presentation and management outcome. METHODS A retrospective case series of 50 patients with RB. Main outcomes were clinical and pathologic features and types of
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Integration, the coordination and alignment of tasks, has been promoted widely in order to improve the performance of hospitals. Both organization theory and social network analysis offer perspectives on integration. This exploratory study research aims to understand how a hospital’s logistical system works, and in particular to what extent there is integration and differentiation. More specifically, it first describ
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The current findings suggest that the endogenous IL-13 expressed in pKr-2 activated microglia/macrophages and neutrophils might be harmful to hippocampal neurons via oxidative stress.In the search for the ideal model of tumours, the use of three-dimensional in vitro models is advancing rapidly. These are intended to mimic the in vivo properties of the tumours which affect cancer development, progres
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Meanwhile, patients with PE had higher incidence of severe or critical illness and mortality rate, and longer hospital stay time compared to their counterparts without pleural effusion. Moreover, LASSO regression analysis exhibited that pleural effusion, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer and total bilirubin (TBIL) might be risk factors for critical COVID-19.
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Disagreement on gestational high blood pressure had been associated with pre-pregnancy obese and multiparity. Conclusion Self-reports of gestational diabetic issues and preeclampsia in Web-based surveys were valid, nevertheless the legitimacy of gestational hypertension appeared to be reduced due to reasonably large variety of fal
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Proximal humerus lesser tuberosity avulsions are uncommon injuries; however, when present, they can be debilitating for patients. As such, they pose a unique clinical challenge. These fractures were traditionally treated through an open approach to the proximal humerus; however, arthroscopic techniques continue to evolve and are increasingly used for these types of injuries. We describe our minimally invasi
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However, both genotypes had similar germination rates under a high-salt treatment. The two genotypes also had similar seedling survival and biomass responses to low- and high-salt treatments. Nevertheless, seedling biomass was significantly higher under low salt treatment. Soil microbial communities did not influence biomass of S. canadensis under the two salt treatments. CONCLUSIONS The results on germination rat
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Visible-near-infrared spectrum (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy technology is one of the most important methods for non-destructive and rapid detection of soil total nitrogen (STN) content. In order to find a practical way to build STN content prediction model, three conventional machine learning methods and one deep learning approach are investigated and their predictive performances are compared and analyzed by using a public datas
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The current study was undertaken to evaluate clinical-grade disposable syringes of various brands based on the identification of an extraneous impurity leaching out from the rubber gasket of the syringe during sample preparation for liquid chromatography method development. The syringes were evaluated using aqueous and organic solvents and their mixtures to understand susceptibility towards extractables. It was observe
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Our pathway analysis also indicated that the protein translational control pathways, such as the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) and the ubiquitin signaling pathways, were highly enriched in both of the acetylation and ubiquitination proteome data at the network level. This report provides the first integrative description of the protein acetylation and ubiquitination-oriented systematic regulation in human c
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The excellent osteoinduction of ZK50-H has a positive effect to growth of new bones and help the mini-pig regain heal faster in 12 weeks. CONCLUSION This study shows ZK50-H Mg alloy screw is a feasible degradation implant and can be carried out the next-step clinical experiments. V.BACKGROUND Postoperative recovery of activities of daily living after surgery in elderly patients often takes a longer time bec
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Klossiella is a genus of apicomplexan coccidian parasites with a global distribution, whose members typically infect the renal tissue of a wide variety of vertebrate hosts with a high level of host specificity. The presence of this parasite has been previously associated with kidney inflammatory processes. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence of Klossiella muris in the house mouse (Mus
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023). Age ≥40 years, ETZ and conization height are independent risk factors for margin involvement. For ages <40 years, 10 mm cone height was associated with 68.6% Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for positive margins, while for 15 mm and 25 mm, the NPV was 75.8% and 96.2%, respectively. With negative margins, the NPV for RD varied from 85.7-92.3% for up to 24 mm cone height and 100% from 25 mm.
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Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) made direct comparisons between EPA/DHA versus ALA on improving cardiovascular risk factors and have reached inconsistent findings. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of EPA/DHA vs. ALA supplementation on cardiometabolic disturbances. Databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Trials were searched until December 2019. The pooled effects (wei
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S126 has never been considered to play a role in the enzyme’s activity or stability, thus the finding showed the importance of this residue.Temperature limits the geographic ranges of several tick species. Little is known about the thermal characteristics of these pests outside of a few studies on survival related to thermal tolerance. In this study, thermal tolerance limits, thermal preference, and the impact of temp
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response to treatment, detection of tumor recurrence and possible complications.. CITATION FORMAT · Merz J, Bossart M, Bamberg F et al. Revised FIGO Staging for Cervical Cancer – A New Role for MRI. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192 937 - 944.
Ultrasound as a non-ionizing imaging procedure is one of the most important diagnostic procedures in everyday clinical practice. The technology is widely used. D
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Phragmites’ inflorescences density was also significantly reduced in Ambient Crab than Crab Exclusion plots in 2019. Together, these results highlight the significant role that crab herbivores can play in regulating Phragmites in Yellow River Delta salt marshes and suggest that the magnitude of their top-down control may be amplified, although in a non-additive manner, with spring drought stress in the region.
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The majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the event enhanced learning and confidence in working together to provide interprofessional care. Students seemed to find the OSCE to be particularly valuable. Feedback suggestions for improvement indicated a desire for more activities and time allocated to the event. SUMMARY We designed and implemented a pilot intraprofessional event that was well-
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Epidural analgesia (EA) has been the standard of care after major abdominal surgery for many years. This study aimed to correlate EA with postoperative complications, short- and long-term mortality in patients with and without EA after open surgery (OS) and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for colorectal cancer.
Patient, clinical and outcome data were obtained from the Swedish Color
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Together, these studies provide functional insight into myeloid cell-derived netrin-1 in controlling lung inflammation through the modulation of CCL2-dependent infiltration of NK cells.
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is effective in reducing HPV-related disease. The 2-, 4-, and 9-valent HPV vaccines have been approved by the Chinese FDA since 2016; however, factors associated with HPV vaccine a
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In comparison with lymphomas and leukemias, chemotherapy of solid neoplasms, i.e., cancer, has much more limited success in curing the patient. This lack of efficacy of chemotherapy has been attributed to increased interstitial fluid pressure within cancers, which obstructs convection and only permits diffusion of oxygen and nutrients about 100 μm from blood vessels. As di
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In freshwater species, metal toxicity is usually assessed through short-term exposures, hence limiting the practical usefulness of biomarkers for monitoring long-term impacts on wildlife populations. This study investigates the biological alterations elicited by chronic metallic exposures in Gammarus fossarum using multi-level biomarkers. In aquaria, gammarids were exposed for 10 weeks to field-realistic concentrations of Cd, Cu o
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The novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has caused a world-wide pandemic with devastating effects. Fortunately, most children display only mild-to-moderate symptoms, but there are a subset that will have severe symptoms warranting treatment. This review evaluates the current evidence for antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment of acute SARS-COV-2 infections, including coronavirus disease 201
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Arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are known complications of acute viral myocarditis, regardless of ejection fraction (EF) at presentation. Whether such complications confer long-term risk is unknown, especially in those who present with preserved left ventricular (LV) function. No guidelines exist to the long-term reduction of arrhythmic death in such patients.
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Our data suggest that CHPF may contribute to BRCA progression by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers and matrix metallopeptidase 2 expression.ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are a group of epigenetic regulators that can alter the assembly of nucleosomes and regulate the accessibility of transcription facto
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This article reports the results of a survey of 455 Polish primary school sixth-graders experiencing changes in the education system. The goal of the study was to identify the relationships between the Big Five personality traits, measured with the picture-based personality survey for children (PBPS-C) and locus of control, determined using the locus of control questionnaire (LOCQ). The results lead to the conclu
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More evidence shows that primary surgery for de novo metastatic breast cancer (BC) prolongs overall survival (OS) in selected cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of locoregional treatment (LRT) in BC patients with de novo stage IV bone only metastasis (BOM).
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