Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states.
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
187,759 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Physicochemical properties of the free and complexed ligand differ substantially.A library of 14 heterobis(carbene) complexes of the general formula [Au(iPr2-bimy)(ADC)]BF4 (7-20) containing the N-heterocyclic carbene reporter iPr2-bimy and various protic acyclic diaminocarbenes (ADCs) have been prepared to estimate their stereoelectronic properties by 13C NMR spectroscopy and percentage buried volume (%Vbur) determinations
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11; anxiety, V = .06; and depression, V = .10. Adolescents reported exposure to more trauma types than younger children, d = 0.23, and were more likely to endorse elevated PTSS, V = .07; anxiety, V = .13; and depression, V = .16. Undergoing a frightening medical procedure, OR = 2.30; female sex, OR = 1.92; witnessing domestic violence, OR = 1.70; and experiencing war between gangs, OR = 1.61, were strong predictors
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Defining type of diabetes using survey data is challenging, although important, for determining national estimates of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the percentage and characteristics of US adults classified as having type 1 diabetes as defined by several algorithms.
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Selleckchem Omilancor
Taken together, the HA-PDA@IQ/DOX HG could be served as a theranostic tumor vaccine for complete photothermal ablation to trigger robust antitumor immune responses.
Taken together, the HA-PDA@IQ/DOX HG could be served as a theranostic tumor vaccine for complete photothermal ablation to trigger robust antitumor immune responses.
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This work not only indicates that CoMOFs are promising OER electrocatalysts but also provides a reference system to understand how metal coordination in MOFs affects the OER process.The thermal degradation and conversion of waste polyethylene (PE) using a two-step process including hydrothermal oxidation (HO) and aqueous phase reforming (APR) were investigated. The objective of this study was to achieve efficient dispo
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In truth, the rationale why the Japanese public has turn out to be so fond of the foolish wanting Sacabambaspis could additionally be that it gives off a yuru-chara-like energy. Yuru-chara are Japanese mascot characters distinguished by their cute and unsophisticated designs. Among , slighly dumb and uncanny-looking ones generally tend to turn out to be well-liked because of their meme-potential.
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High-certainty evidence shows that SI-IVC, such as MMC, after NMIBC resection reduces recurrences. This evidence underpins international guidance. The number of eligible patients receiving SI-IVC is variable indicating suboptimal practice. Improving SI-IVC adherence requires modifications to theatre instilling policies, delivery and storage
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At most universities, teaching general chemistry to fresh(wo)men is a challenge as the audience is usually composed of students of different backgrounds and interests. On one hand, the lecture is meant to bring all students to a basic level of chemistry required for future studies, on the other hand, certain concepts are discussed in much more depth than what students know from school. While it is already a ba
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In recent decades, the prevalence of childhood depression and obesity has increased worldwide. African American (AA) children are more obese than White peers and experience many factors that can influence the onset of depressive symptoms. While depression and obesity have been examined in adolescents, there is a paucity of research in AA children. This study examined the relationships among depressive symptoms, obe
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The presence of the same clones throughout her disease course suggests cellular reprogramming and differentiation following chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This is the first reported case of lineage switch of B-ALL with t(1;11) and also the first report of a lineage switch case that used ClonoSEQ® to define the clonality of the original B-ALL, lineage switched AML, and relapsed B-ALL.The abdominal cocoon syndrome is a ra
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Results from trials and nonexperimental studies are often directly compared, with little attention paid to differences between study populations. When target and trial population data are available, accounting for these differences through transporting trial results to target populations of interest provides useful perspective. We aimed to compare two-year risk differences (RDs) for ischemic stroke, mortality, and
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The risk of metabolic abnormalities in menopausal women increases significantly due to the decline in estrogen level. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is an important oxidative stress sensor that plays regulatory role in energy metabolism. Therefore, an ovariectomized menopausal model in Nrf2-knockout (KO) mice was applied to evaluate the effect of Nrf2 deficiency on metabolism in menopausal females. Th
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Electronic resonances commonly decay via internal conversion to vibrationally hot anions and subsequent statistical electron emission. We observed vibrational structure in such an emission from the nitrobenzene anion, in both the 2D electron energy loss and 2D photoelectron spectroscopy of the neutral and anion, respectively. The emission peaks could be correlated with calculated nonadiabatic coupling elements for vibr
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The likelihood that hospitalization was recommended for pregnant women involved in traffic accidents increased with gestational age. Patients with minor trauma who refused hospitalization had no complications.
The likelihood that hospitalization was recommended for pregnant women involved in traffic accidents increased with gestational age. Patients with minor trauma who refused hospitalization had no c
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s support the further development of texture analysis as a quantitative biomarker for characterizing adrenal tumors.
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OBJECTIVES Genome-wide meta-analyses of clinically defined gout were performed to identify subtype-specific susceptibility loci. Evaluation using selection pressure analysis with these loci was also conducted to investigate genetic risks characteristic of the Japanese population over the last 2000-3000 years. METHODS Two genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of 3053 clinically defined
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to various degrees of lifelong functional deficits. Most individuals with incomplete SCI experience a certain degree of functional recovery, especially within the first-year postinjury. However, this is difficult to predict, and surrogate biomarkers are urgently needed.
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Model-based reconstruction methods have emerged as a powerful alternative to classical Fourier-based MRI techniques, largely because of their ability to explicitly model (and therefore, potentially overcome) moderate field inhomogeneities, streamline reconstruction from non-Cartesian sampling, and even allow for the use of custom designed non-Fourier encoding methods. Their application in such scenarios, however, often com
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Generally, the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with advancing age, so they are usually diagnosed in late adulthood. A primary mechanism underlying the onset of neurodegenerative diseases is neuroinflammation. Based on this background, the concept of “neuroinflammaging” has emerged. In this deregulated neuroinflammatory process, a variety of immune cells participate, especially glial cell
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Disilenes with differently coordinated silicon atoms are not known. Here, we have shown the high yield synthesis of a range of disilenes (2-4 and 6) upon reaction of a hypersilyl silylene PhC(NtBu)2 SiSi(SiMe3 )3 (1) with aliphatic chlorophosphines. The most striking characteristic of these disilenes is the presence of two differently coordinated Si atoms (one is three-coordinated, the other four-coordinated). The analogous reactio
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Small non-coding RNAs play critical regulatory roles in post-transcription. However, their characteristics in Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of human sexually transmitted trichomoniasis, still remain to be determined.
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Nonetheless, there was no difference between baseline and follow-up measurements of the patients, including heart rate, cardiac rhythm, electrocardiographic intervals, blood pressure, pulse pressure, and postural blood pressure changes.
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Synthetic pyrethroids are a group of insecticides frequently used in public health and agriculture, and 3-PBA is a common metabolite of them. Although the liver is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing many compounds including pesticides, to the authors’ knowledge there have been no studies on the direct hepatotoxic effects of 3-PBA. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible hepatoto
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Suramin attenuated P2×7R expression but did not affect urinary excretion of nucleotides. Urinary excretion of albumin, nephrin, NGAL, and 8-OHdG were increased in diabetic rats and were not affected by suramin. TBARS was higher in diabetic rats and suramin attenuated the excretion dynamics in this group. KIM-1 excretion was higher in diabetic rats and suramin further increased excre
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We conclude that a short, structured workshop can help improve the confidence and knowledge of pre- and postdoctoral writers, preparing them to better meet the writing challenges of their professional careers. ©2020 Author(s). Published by the American Society for Microbiology.During the preclinical years, single-best-answer multiple-choice questions (SBA-MCQs) are often used to test the higher-order cognitive proce
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Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, and how this relationship will change in a warming world is a major and well-examined question in ecology. Yet, it remains understudied for pico-phytoplankton communities, which contribute to carbon cycles and aquatic food webs year-round. Observational studies show a link between phytoplankton community diversity and ecosystem stability, but there is only
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Chronic pain is a common and costly condition, and some people with chronic pain engage in problematic opioid use. There is a critical need to identify factors underlying this co-occurrence, so that treatment can be targeted to improve outcomes. We propose that difficulty with emotion regulation (ER) is a transdiagnostic factor that underlies the co-occurrence of chronic pain and problematic opioid use (CP-POU). In this
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ADC Cytotoxin inhibitor
OBJECTIVE To evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated with anxiety. METHODS Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with parallel-groups were included after searching through electric-databases from inception to May, 2017. Meta-analysis was undertaken with RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS Twenty-three RCTs enrolling 1654 pat
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In addition, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed for the synthesized optically active APIs furnishing by this manner a first crystal structures of nicotinic acid salt of xanthinol.A new series of pyrrole analogs were developed via the microwave irradiation synthesis. Consequently, got a high yield of the products. As pyrroles are familiar for showing various biological properties, all obtai
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Instead, this reflects differential dynamics of intracellular signaling such as ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Since primary human mast cells respond differentially to anaphylatoxin stimulation, and that IL-33 is a key regulator of mast cell responses to complement anaphylatoxins, this is likely to aggravate Th2 immune responses. This newly identified cross-regulation may be important for controlling exacerba
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ACC could develop in the pituitary gland as a form of salivary gland-like tumor derived from the ectopic salivary gland rests. ACCs rarely arise from the pituitary gland; however, the accurate determination of primary occurrence is difficult because of the invasive nature of these tumors, and the anatomical relationship with the sphenoid sinus and the cavernous sinus. Excessive bleeding from the tumor or unexpected
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