Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
190,257 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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The increasing awareness of the importance of patient-centered care reflects the need of educators to design experiences that both simulate care and stimulate problem-solving. Kudos to all the educators out there who are re-examining their approach to learning.The recent pandemic has led to lockdowns in numerous facilities caring for older people, and the lack of socialization can lead to an increased risk of depression. Inte
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We theoretically investigate microscopic origins of vibronic coupling (VC) contributing to singlet fission (SF) dynamics in pentacene and its halogenated derivatives. The features of VCs related to diabatic exciton states and interstate electronic couplings (Holstein and Peierls couplings, respectively) are interpreted by the VC density (VCD) analysis, which allows one to clarify the relationship between the c
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OBJECTIVE To determine whether sleep state maturity can be estimated accurately using conventional electroencephalography (cEEG) or amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) features concerning sleep in neurologically unimpaired preterm infants. METHODS A total of 51 preterm infants were monitored with cEEG-polygraphy and simultaneous aEEG. Sleep state maturity of EEG corresponded to specific postmenstrual age (PMA). P
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In addition, AD extract suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species in caudal fin of wounded zebrafish. Antioxidant activities of AD appeared to be related to its total anthocyanin content, Cy3-G, Cy3-Sam, and TPC. Our findings indicate that TB, particularly the AD cultivar, would be an attractive source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activities, and can improve both nutritional v
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To re-analyze one of the oldest cases of malignant bone neoplasm with different analytical techniques.
The available skeletal remains of grave 138 (G138) from the Iron Age necropolis of Münsingen-Rain (Switzerland, 420-240 BC).
The bones are analyzed by means of morphological, radiographic, histological, and biogeochemical methods
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The coronavirus disease pandemic has disproportionately affected poor and racial/ethnic minority individuals and communities, especially Indigenous Peoples. The object of this study is to understand the spatially varying associations between socioeconomic disadvantages and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in
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BACKGROUND Despite advances in targeted kinase inhibitor development for patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), most patients develop resistance and would benefit from alternative approaches. Immune-based therapies are now considered for patients with progressive MTC. This study is the first comprehensive assessment of the immune milieu, immune suppressive molecules, and potential tumor antigens in pati
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With the growing threats related to environmental hazards, it is vital to prepare youth leaders to understand, communicate, and act.The decision-making process about when an athlete may safely return to training and competition after an injury is a difficult decision. Safe return to training and competition is characterised by physical and psychological readiness to return to the sport. The objectives of this study ar
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Chronic heavy alcohol use is often associated with reduced bone mineral density and altered bone turnover. However, the dose response effects of ethanol on bone turnover have not been established. This study examined the effects of graded increases of ethanol consumption on biochemical markers of bone turnover in young adult male cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). For this study, 6.6-year-old (95% CI 6.5, 6.7) mal
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Carbon-based materials have attracted research interest worldwide due to their physical and chemical properties and wide surface area, rendering them excellent carrier molecules. They are widely used in biological applications like antimicrobial activity, cancer diagnosis, bio-imaging, targeting, drug delivery, biosensors, tissue engineering, dental care, and skin care. Carbon-based nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and
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This study compares the effect of age at the time of surgery on clinical and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes at 10-year follow-up in pediatric patients with congenital scoliosis (CS). Several studies have evaluated the outcomes of surgical treatments of CS during the growth period; however, age at surgery and its long
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When it comes down to newborn sleeping, parents have many options. Some parents may consider co-sleeping which the AAP warns against because of the risk of suffocation. Others would like to be capable of reaching their baby to change diapers or feeds during the night.
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Matrix degradation is an important event in the progression, invasion and metastasis of malignant head and neck lesions. Imbalances, mutations and polymorphisms of MMPs and their inhibitors are observed in several cancer subtypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the MMP-7 gene promoter (181 A/G) and MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) polymorphisms in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
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e results, where the constructs of the theory of planned behavior play an essential role in the betterment of women’s intention. Conclusion This study showed that women’s intention to screen for cervical cancer was low. Positive attitudes towards cervical cancer screening (CCS), subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were predictors of women’s intention to screen for cervical cancer. Thus, effort
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Spending on drugs provided by the Brazilian Public Health System (BPHS) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increased substantially with the beginning of the supply of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARD). This study aims to perform a cost-utility analysis of the most used biological drugs for the treatment of RA in Brazil.
a M
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Collective migration of epithelial cells plays crucial roles in various biological processes such as cancer invasion. In migrating epithelial sheets, leader cells form lamellipodia to advance, and follower cells also form similar motile apparatus at cell-cell boundaries, which are called cryptic lamellipodia (c-lamellipodia). Using adenocarcinoma-derived epithelial cells, we investigated how c-lamellip
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Our data suggests diminished vascular Calr expression with age can contribute to the detrimental effects of aging on endothelial calcium regulation and vasodilation.Tobacco cigarette(TC) smoking is associated with increased sudden death risk, perhaps through adverse effects on ventricular repolarization(VP). The effect of electronic-cigarettes(ECs) on VP is unknown. Objective To test the hypothesis that TCs and
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In vivo, pEGFP-N1-mir-331-3p could significantly reduce viral replication and pathological changes in PRRSV-2 infected piglets. Taken together, Mir-331-3p/mir-210 have significant roles in the infection and lung injury caused by PRRSV-2, and they may be promising therapeutic targets for PRRS and lung injury/inflammation.Low-zone IL-2 signaling is key to understanding how CD4+ CD25high FOXP3+ regulatory T cells
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Disruptions of white matter microstructure have been widely reported in schizophrenia. However, the emergence of these alterations during preclinical stages remains poorly understood. 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) represents a unique model to study the interplay of different risk factors that may impact neurodevelopment in premorbid psychosis. To identify the impact of genet
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Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) originate from monocytes and differentiate into mature macrophages. The interaction between cancer cells and TAMs promotes tumor growth and suppresses immunosurveillance. However, this phenomenon has seldom been observed in ampullary cancer.
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CONCLUSION Fetus with mosaic r(13), monosomy 13 and idic r(13) may present IUGR on prenatal ultrasound, and fetoplacental cytogenetic discrepancy may exist under such a circumstance. V.OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 8 by amniocentesis in a fetus with central nervous system abnormalities. CASE REPORT A 39-year-old woman was found to have fetal bilateral ventriculomegal
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To explore whether risk stratification based on ultrasound elastography of liver background assists contrast-enhanced ultrasound liver imaging reporting and data system (CEUS LI-RADS) in diagnosing HCC.
In total, 304 patients with focal liver lesions (FLLs) confirmed by pathology underwent CEUS and ultrasound elastography were included in this retrospective study. Patients with chronic hepatitis
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In mammals, DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification necessary for the maintenance of genome stability, regulation of gene expression, and other processes. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by multiple changes in the DNA methylation pattern and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes; these changes are often associated with poor disease prognosis. Human DNA methyl
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More importantly, we summarize the translational regulation of uORFs in plant metabolic pathways, morphogenesis, disease resistance, and nutrient absorption, which open up an avenue for precisely modulating the plant growth and development, as well as environmental adaption. Additionally, we also discuss prospective applications of uORFs in plant breeding.To design novel polymer materials with optimal properties relevant t
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Staff health and wellbeing is an important area for employers. Leading a healthy life, both physically and mentally, helps the individual health of employees, but also benefits employers through boosting productivity in the workplace. The Five Year Forward View strategy, published by NHS England in 2014, underscores the importance of staff health and wellbeing as a crucial factor in improving the performance of the NHS
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To study a role of central sensitization (CS) in patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) after decompression of the lumbar and/or sacral roots.
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