Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
189,123 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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There is a need to standardize the protocols in neuro-oncology. This could be achieved by strengthening the formal training process in surgical neuro-oncology.
There is a need to standardize the protocols in neuro-oncology. This could be achieved by strengthening the formal training process in surgical neuro-oncology.
The human calvaria harbors a variety of pathology and majority o
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It is known that the gut microbiota, the numerically vast and taxonomically diverse microbial communities that thrive in a symbiotic fashion within our alimentary tract, can affect the normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Further, disturbances of the microbiota community structure from both endogenous and exogenous influences as well as the failure of host responsive mechanisms have
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Interleukin 15 (IL-15) has been evaluated as a potential treatment for solid tumors in clinical trials, but the effectiveness of systemic IL-15 administration as a monotherapy has not been realized. IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) can stabilize IL-15 and enhance its bioactivity. The goal of this study was to examine the activity of IL-15/IL-15Rα complex (IL-15cx) to CD8+ T cells and evaluate its
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There continue to be advances in mental health interventions for PLWH with mental illness in LMICs. However, more research is needed to elucidate how intervention components lead to intervention effectiveness. We recommend scale up of culturally appropriate interventions that have been successfully evaluated in low- and middle-income
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The quantitative meta-analysis showed a better outcome comparing surgical vs other treatments. Two studies showed statistically significant risk differences in the 5y OS favoring complete resection. After pooling results of seven studies using the random model, the combined 5y OS risk difference was 0.39, with lower and upper limits of 0.16 and 0.62, respectively (
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The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Phellinus igniarius in lowering uric acid and changing the gut microbiome in hyperuricemia rats. A total of 36 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, positive drug control group, and high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose P. igniarius ethanol extract groups, with 6 rats in each group. Hyperuricemia rats were es
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Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a known complication which may occur in the setting of patients undergoing lumbar punctures (LP) for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The gold standard for treating a PDPH is an epidural blood patch (EBP). There have been few publications evaluating the long-term outcomes of PDPH treated with EBP. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the incidence of chronic headaches
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the SVM classifier and the effects of the second hidden layer in ANN, are also reported. The results demonstrate that the proposed method performs reasonably compared with the majority of existing state-of-the-art methods, including the convolutional neural network-based feature extractors.
Left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a key compensatory feature in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR)
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Rationale The primary aims of this study were to determine the correlation between absolute quantitative 99mTc-pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) metrics and traditional measures of cardiac amyloid burden and to measure intra-observer repeatability of the quantitative metrics. Methods We studied 72 patients who underwent 99mTc-PYP SPECT/CT using a novel general purpose CZT-based SPECT/CT system (Veriton, Spectrum Dynamics I
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Restoring partial flow of oxygenated blood is a fundamental goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The ideal devices used for this purpose should have features such as low incidence of complications, high survival rate, rapid control of the airway, and adequate ventilation. Besides limiting the frequency and duration of interruptions in chest compressions, they can improve the survival and clinical o
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Importantly, HexaBody-DR5/DR5 mediated the highest cytotoxic activity in samples from relapsed/refractory MM patients, including those who are refractory to daratumumab. This improved cytotoxic activity was observed only in patients who received their last anti-MM treatment less then 1 month ago, suggesting that anti-MM drugs sensitized MM cells to HexaBody-DR5/DR5. Supporting this, bortezomib combined with HexaBody-DR5
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me autistic students preferring to focus their self-determination efforts on academic success, while others treasured the novel social experiences including peer support and friendship at university. Compared to greater flexibility endorsed by typically developing students, autistic students perceived establishing a routine at university to be a necessity and were self-determined in maintaining stability
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Deformities in human soft tissue caused by trauma or burn present a difficult problem in plastic surgery. In this study, we encapsulated troglitazone and angiotensin 1-7 mimetic AVE0991 in gelation microspheres with the goal of inducing epithelial transformation for potential applications in tissue reconstruction. After troglitazone or AVE0991 were encapsulated to gelation microspheres, their release kinetics and bi
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) can be understood as emotion-regulation strategies. We further argue that this perspective contributes to reconciling fragmented (and sometimes contrary) viewpoints present in the literature on dissonance reduction. In addition to proposing the general model of dissonance reduction, we illustrate at the hand of empirical data how research on dissonance reduction can be performed withou
StaalDaley2019
TNG260
To determine the best control technology for dioxin in waste incineration flue gas, a three-level comprehensive evaluation index system with environment, economy, and technology as the first-level indexes was constructed. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used to evaluate ten dioxin pollution control technologies or technology groups including “double bag activated carbon
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat, and inappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) in food animal production can contribute to the global burden of AMR in humans. This study was conducted to understand knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of smallholder livestock owners regarding antimicrobial use, residue, and resistance in three agro-ecological zones and production systems in Ethiopia. A cross-
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Thus, our results show that MYOD1 and MYOG act in a feed forward loop to maintain each other’s expression and also show that it is MYOG, and not MYOD1, that is required to load TBP and activate gene expression on late muscle gene promoters bound by both factors.Insect Olfactory Receptors (ORs) are diverse family of membrane protein receptors responsible for most of the insect olfactory perception and communication
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Circulating biological markers, such as miRNAs, hold the greatest possibilities to complement tissue biopsy and clinical diagnostic tests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative abundance of three circulating miRNAs in serum from 17 HPV16-positive patients with early cervical lesions known as Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSILs). The expression of circulating microRNAs miR-15b, miR-34a
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Objective Smoking suppresses PD-1 expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we assess if smoking changed the epigenetic control over CD8+ T cell memory formation through a microRNA (miR) dependent mechanism. Methods Phenotypes of CD8+ T cells from smokers and non-smokers, RA and healthy, were analyzed by flow cytometry. A microarray analysis was used to screen for differences
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Early introduction oral immunotherapy (E-OIT) in the first year of life can be a safe treatment for infants with cow’s milk allergy (CMA). Once the protocol is completed, doubts remain whether children achieve tolerance or remain desensitized. According to current guidelines, this is determined by an avoidance period followed by a re-exposure to the food allergen during an in-hospital
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In recent years, Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis has gradually become an important pest of several crops including grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and peach (Amygdalus persica L.) in Xinjiang, China. Toward improving trapping efficacy as part of a management program, various colors, types, and placement of traps and the use of an attractant were evaluated in field and laboratory studies. Laboratory color-choice tests and
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The M17 human NB cell line were also cultured. A specific type of miRNAs, i.e., miR-124 was successfully delivered to M17 NB cells with the aid of hAD-MSCs using the direct or indirect (exosome-based) contacts. Results It was shown that indirect delivery of miR-124 considerably decreased the proliferation of NB cells and induced their differentiation. Conclusion The results suggest the use of delivered exog
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Complex chemical mixtures found in soils at contaminated sites typically includes polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), thus posing potential environmental and human health risks. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by silica clean-up is one of the most often used extraction methods for PACs in soil. While silica clean-up provide satisfactory recovery of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydroca
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Markedly, the strong interactions consistently maintained by S1-S4 (K4) complex revealed their conformational transition over the harmonic motion period. Moreover, S1-S4 (K4) peptide complex showed a higher energy deformation profile compared to S1-S4 (K4K20), where the higher energy deformation suggests the rigidity of the docked complex and thus it’s harder deformability, which is also substantiated by molecu
RamseyMcMahon4262
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Conclusion Due to the heterogeneity of the experimental procedures and study design, it is not possible to evidence any specific celiac signature in the fecal and/or duodenal microbiota of CD children. However, some specific components of the fecal microbiota and, in detail, Bifidobacterium spp. (e.g., Bifidobacterium longum) may deserve additional research efforts, in order to understand their potential valu
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In many parts of the nervous system, experience-dependent refinement of neuronal circuits predominantly involves synapse elimination. The role of sleep in this process remains unknown. We investigated the role of sleep in experience-dependent dendritic spine elimination of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the visual (V1) and frontal association cortex (FrA) of 1-month-old mice. We found that monocular deprivation
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