Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
190,178 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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l communitybased health research efforts.Why compare Aby Warburg, talented cultural and art historian, creator of the eponymous library, and Leo Frobenius, pioneer of primitive art studies and the father of modern Africanism? Not merely for biographical reasons. The work of Warburg and Frobenius offers two clear examples of a cultural and scientific trend between the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentie
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22). Progression rate was not significantly different in patients who either underwent pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) or not in each respective group.
RP alone is an effective treatment in the majority of patients with HRPC and PLND did not affect the progression rates after RP. According to the number of pre-operative high-risk features, as the number
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The incubation with wastewater does not change the microplastics’ size, surface charge, and structure. Consistent with the literature, we assume that the adsorption of dissolved organic matter is a key aging process reducing the toxicity of microplastics. Consequently, toxicity testing using pristine microplastics may overestimate the effects of plastic particles in nature.The anaerobic bacterium Chrysiogenes arsenatis
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will successfully recruit 24 participants and the intervention will be acceptable to the participants. It will also improve medication adherence (assessed by question Medication Adherence Questionnaire scores) and blood pressure control.
Our study was funded in July 2020. As of May 2021, we have enrolled 6 participants.
Our findings will help
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Human mesenchymal stem cells have been explored for their application in cell-based therapies targeting stroke. Identifying cell lines that stand as safe, accessible, and effective for transplantation, while optimizing dosage, timing, and method of delivery remain critical translational steps towards clinical trials. Preclinical studies using bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells show the cells’ ability to confer fun
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caemic control and common use of ACE inhibitors, ARBs and NSAIDs.
Patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 were significantly more obese and had high prevalence of comorbidities than those without diabetes. Other features of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection included long duration of diabetes, less tight glycaemic control and common use of ACE inhibitors, ARBs and NSAIDs.Prevalence
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For the analysis, it is found that drivers are more likely to commit speeding on long multilane road with median strip, and road with non-motorized vehicle lane, bus-only lane and viaduct or road tunnel. Roads with low speed limit, and work zone are associated with increasing speeding as well. In terms of serious speeding, bus-only lane is not a contributor, while road speed camera number and one-way orga
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We present a short review of the advances that have been reported recently, highlight promising work and important studies, and give a perspective of potential future endeavours.On-site, instrument free quantitative analysis of pesticides is of significant importance for food safety control. However, it is still a great challenge for pesticide detection in food via the current visual detection
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It is often difficult to determine if you are buying genuine leather couches because of misleading product descriptions and price tags. It is important to get close and personal to smell, feel and then turn over a cushion to check the fabric.
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Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is a deadly disease that was first seen in Wuhan, China, and primarily affects the respiratory system, but also has different systemic involvements. It has caused 89 million cases and 1.9 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 positive renal transplant recipients have a higher mortality rate than COVID-19 patients in the normal population. There is no specific treatment and follow-
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More than half of patients with acute ischemic stroke have minor neurological deficits; however, the frequency and outcomes of reperfusion therapy in regular practice has not been well-delineated.
Analysis of US National Inpatient Sample of hospitalizations with acute ischemic stroke and mild deficits (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score 0-5) from October 1, 2016, to De
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With an increasing number of cases and future prospective studies, the exact mechanism by which these cerebrovascular events occur and attribute to the poor outcome will be better understood.Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a powerful imaging system for monitoring the state of metallic materials. Tomographic methods enable automatic inspection of metallic samples making use of multi-sensor measurements and data pr
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Moreover, (iv) we observed a decreased dopamine sensitivity in the NAc shell and core, but not in the mPFC, to a first chocolate exposure; conversely, after a second exposure, dialysate dopamine fully increased in the NAc shell and core but not in the mPFC. Finally, selected dopamine brain areas showed (v) astrogliosis (mPFC, NAc shell and core, VTA), microgliosis (NAc shell and core), and downregulation of CB
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The sluggish kinetics and unclear mechanism have significantly hindered the development of Li-CO2 batteries. Here, a Li-CO2 battery cathode catalyst based on a porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (TTCOF-Mn) with single metal sites is reported to reveal intrinsic catalytic sites of aprotic CO2 conversion from the molecular level. The battery with TTCOF-Mn exhibits a low overpotential of 1.07 V at 100 mA/g as well as
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While our results support the idea of snake venom being a key innovation, the innovation of venom chemistry lacks clear mechanisms that would lead to reproductive isolation and thus adaptive radiation. Therefore, the extent to which venom directly influences the diversification process is still a matter of contention.Until the fifteenth century, the knowledge about anatomy and function of the nervous
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The median follow-up period for survivors was 86months. The 5-year OS, CSS, and PFS rates were 20.2%, 25.7%, and 18.4%, respectively. On univariate analysis, only the performance status score was significantly associated with better overall survival (p=0.026). Grade 3 or higher late adverse events were observed in 12 (15%) patients, and these included cardiopulmonary adverse events in 6 (8%) patients. Treatment-related de
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Effort and advantage seems to be unbalanced, but new less invasive techniques may upgrade this method in future.The oscillatory features of non-REM sleep states have been a subject of intense research over many decades. However, a systematic spatial characterization of the spectral features of cortical activity in each sleep state is not available yet. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings du
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Hirsutism and hyperandrogenism in premenopausal women are most often associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome. We present a case of progressive, severe hyperandrogenism with negative imaging identified on surgical histopathology as being due to a Leydig cell tumor (LCT), thus illustrating localization challenges associated with these small tumors.
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In this study, we present the clinicopathologic features of fifteen myelolipomatous adrenal adenomas, the largest series published thus far.Colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI) accounts for 15-18 % of all CRCs and represents the category with the best prognosis. This study aimed at determining any possible clinical/pathological features associated with a higher risk of nodal meta
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The nasogastric tube advanced up to 60 cm. Surgery was performed, and the patient was discharged with no complications on postoperative day 8.Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have low level of adiponectin, however, till now the role of adiponectin in progression of ‘T2DM with cardiac dysfunction’ in animal model has not been characterized. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to
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Far field single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has been established as a powerful tool to study biological structures with resolution far below the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy. In recent years, the applications of SMLM have reached beyond traditional cellular imaging. Nanostructured interfaces are enriched with information that determines their function, playing key roles in applicat
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In the United States, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, and non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (NHAIAN) populations experience excess COVID-19 mortality, compared to the non-Hispanic White (NHW) population, but racial/ethnic differences in age at death are not known. The release of national COVID-19 death data by racial/ethnic group now permits analysis of age-specific mortality rates for these gro
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and surgical results were feasible compared with the CP. This procedure might be a promising novel strategy for properly selected ipsilateral second NSCLC.
Delirium after cardiac surgery is associated with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay and elevated rates of mortality. The Society of Thoracic Surgery National Database (STS-ND) includes delirium in routine data collection
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The most effective local anaesthetic for the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars appeared to be 4% articaine, with significant differences when compared with 2% lidocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine, and 1% ropivacaine. Lidocaine is the safest local anaesthetic, although all investigated solutions can be used safely.Introduction In Australia and Sweden, orthodontic treatments may be performed by either a general
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Adults with add/adhd could not exhibit the same symptoms as children, however the condition can affect them in a significant way. The first line of treatment is typically medications such as stimulants, which can improve the quality of attention span, improve academic achievement and enhance soc
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