Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
198,143 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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This study aimed to verify the effects of buying television advertised food in schoolchildren eating behaviors. We performed a cross-sectional study with fourth grade students of an elementary education in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We analyzed anthropometric data, the habit of buying television advertised food/beverages, and food consumption (two 24-hour dietary recalls). Logistic regressi
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Genetic factors play an essential role in the development of cataracts, and the major intrinsic protein (MIP) gene is a type of causative genes. Our study aims to discuss the current research progress ofMIPgenes responsible for cataractogenesis in DNA and protein levels, which is essential in achieving a response to the molecular deficiencies and pathophysiologic features of cataract.
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A series of novel (R)-6,6a,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-5H-pyrazino[1,2-a][1,n]naphthyridines were identified as potent and selective agonists of the 5-HT2C receptor. Optimizations performed on a previously reported series of racemic tetrahydroquinoline-based tricyclic amines, delivered an advanced drug lead, (R)-4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-6,6a,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-5H-pyrazino[1,2-a][1,8]naphthyridine, which displ
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses are an attractive means of improving the efficiency of soil phosphorus (P) that difficult to be used by plants and may provide a sustainable way of maintaining high yields while reducing P applications. However, quantifying the contribution of indigenous AM fungi on phosphorus uptake and yields of maize (Zea mays L.) under field conditions is not particularly clear. Mesh-barrier
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Unmasking the Culprits: 7 Common Causes of Blocked Drains Perhaps you have ever experienced the irritating moment when water refuses to drain down your sink or shower It�s a problem that we all encounter sooner or later, and it can swiftly become a problem if not addressed promptly. Clogged drains are not really only inconvenient but may also lead to costly repairs if remaining untreated. Thus, what ar
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e and essential workers experienced severe anxiety around the announcement of lockdown which rapidly decreased. Younger individuals with lower incomes and previous mental health diagnoses experienced higher and increasing levels of symptoms. Recognising the likely symptom trajectories for such groups may allow for targeted care or interventions.
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11-136.11 mg epicatechin equivalent/g sorghum). Sorghum extracts exerted more potent scavenging activity on DPPH than NO radicals. In LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, sorghum extracts dose-dependently inhibited the production of NO, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), with ethanolic extracts showing greater anti-inflammatory activity. Positive correlations were noted between tannin conte
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Chronic disease is a major concern with an aging population, and arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting 10% of the population. Self-management can be appropriate to relieve the outcome of osteoarthritis as one of the most suitable approaches in people with chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-management education programs on the outcome of knee osteoarthritis in adult
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© 2020, Shah et al.Linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (LREfs) carrying optrA are increasingly reported globally from multiple sources, but we lack a comprehensive analysis of human and animal optrA-LREfs strains. To assess if optrA is dispersed in isolates with varied genetic backgrounds or with common genetic features, we investigated the phylogenetic structure, genetic content [antimicrobial resistance (AMR), vi
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Conclusions These results indicate that high serum adiponectin is associated with accelerated carotid atherosclerosis in SLE young women and it might be useful to improve vascular risk stratification in this patient setting.Background and aims Previous data show contradicting results regarding relevance of obesity on outcome in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Thus, this study aims to evaluate the predictive power
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The survival analysis and risk score analysis achieved good performances from this six-gene prognostic model. Nomogram was constructed to guide clinical decision in practice. Finally, biological experiments disclosed that NUP153 and USB1 can significantly impact cancer cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, our research provided a new insight of thyroid tumorigenesis and development based on analyses of RBPs. Mor
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Obesity-associated metabolic illnesses are increasing at an alarming rate in Asian countries. A common feature observed in the Asian population is a higher incidence of abdominal obesity-the “skinny-fat” Asian syndrome. In this review, we critically evaluate the relative roles of genetics and environmental factors on fat distribution in Asian populations. While there is an upward trend in obesity among most
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When it comes to our health, many people may overlook the importance of urology, a specialty that plays a crucial role in addressing various conditions related to the urinary tract and the male reproductive system. Urologists are highly trained medical professionals who focus on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases affecting the kidneys, bladder, prostate, and other related organs. The
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Gymnocypris namensis, the only commercial fish in Namtso Lake of Tibet in China, is rated as nearly threatened species in the Red List of China’s Vertebrates. As one of the highest-altitude schizothorax fish in China, G. namensis has strong adaptability to the plateau harsh environment. Although being an indigenous economic fish with high value in research, the biological characterization, genetic diversity, and
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Bisphenol A (BPA) metabolism has been investigated using several in vitro models, including human and rat liver microsomes and subcellular (S9) fractions, as well as human-recombinant cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) expressed in Supersomes, for a comprehensive look at all possible metabolic pathways. By an untargeted approach using liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution quadrupo
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Web-based assessments of mental health concerns hold great potential for earlier, more cost-effective, and more accurate diagnoses of psychiatric conditions than that achieved with traditional interview-based methods.
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Our data revealed that five (4.6%) of all 109 analysed ALK+ patients harboured amplification of TERT and that these patients had genetically unstable genomes.
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Modern agriculture strives to sustainably manage fertilizer for both economic and environmental reasons. The monitoring of any nutritional (phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium) deficiency in growing plants is a challenge for precision farming technology. A study was carried out on three species of popular crops, celery (Apium graveolens L., cv. Neon), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L., cv. Tapir) and strawberry (Fragari
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In this review, we present a detailed overview of miRNA/lncRNA-dependent mechanisms that control interplay between p53 and master-regulators of EMT and their importance for breast cancer.Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by ROS accumulation and devastating lipid peroxidation (LPO). The role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, in the
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FCD detection rate (Recall) of 92% was achieved for patient wise analysis.The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer retina thus is related to the pathology of various ocular diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is advantageous in visualizing and quantifying the choroid in vivo. However, its application in the study of the choroid is still limited for two reasons. (1) The lower bound
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