Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
274,513 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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After endorsement by the AHNS Endocrine Section and Quality of Care Committee, it received final approval from the AHNS Council.
After endorsement by the AHNS Endocrine Section and Quality of Care Committee, it received final approval from the AHNS Council.Laboratory electroencephalography (EEG) studies have already provided important insights into the neuronal mechanisms of performance monitoring.
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The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) derived by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) can be an index of biological tumor aggressiveness, which is assessed using noninvasive tools before the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the pretreatment SUVmax in patients with EOC.
We review
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The alignment is realized by cascaded regression of extremely randomized trees. Since EC sensors perform temporal differentiation, we characterize the performance of the alignment in terms of different levels of head movement speeds and face localization uncertainty ranges as well as face resolution and predictor complexity. Our method obtained 2.7% alignment failure on average, whereas annotator disagreement was 1%.
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Haemosporidians (Apicomplexa, Protista) are obligate heteroxenous parasites of vertebrates and blood-sucking dipteran insects. Avian haemosporidians comprise more than 250 species traditionally classified into four genera, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Fallisia. However, analyses of the mitochondrial CytB gene revealed a vast variety of lineages not yet linked to morphospecies. This study aimed to anal
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Eighty-seven percent of patients underwent free-tissue transfer from an anterolateral thigh donor site. Ninety-seven percent of patients had successful free-tissue transfer with a viable flap during the follow-up period; only one patient experienced flap failure attributed to vascular insufficiency. Average length of stay was 4.7 days, and the most common length of stay was 3 days. CONCLUSIONS The angular vessels provide exce
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This is the first study that reports a specific humoral response in RMS plasma samples and proves the value of blood-based biomarkers in improving risk assessment and outcome of metastatic RMS patients.Nitrogen is one of the essential plant nutrients and a major factor limiting crop productivity. To meet the requirements of sustainable agriculture, there is a need to maximize biological nitrogen fixati
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Overall, earlier acquisition was predicted by features representing frames that select for nouns and verbs, and by thematic content related to food and face-to-face play topics; later acquisition was predicted by features representing frames that select for pronouns and question words, and by content related to narratives and object play.Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induces peroxisome-proliferator-act
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Strategies to accelerate the rate of axon regeneration would improve functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury, in particular for cases involving segmental nerve defects. We are advancing tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) comprised of long, aligned, centimeter-scale axon tracts developed by the controlled process of axon “stretch-growth” in custom mechanobioreactors. The current study used
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The major steps of the procedure, demonstrated in this video article, are (1) placement of portals for the arthroscopic procedure, (2) suture anchor insertion into the distal aspect of the fibula, (3) needle insertion into the ATFL remnant, (4) a lasso-loop stitch using a suture relay technique, (5) reattachment of the ATFL remnant, and (6) postoperative protocol. Complications are rare, and earlier return to daily a
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Coronary artery disease in palliated hypoplastic left heart syndrome is uncommon. Myocardial infarction from a coronary thrombus, serving as a substrate for ventricular arrhythmia in Fontan physiology, is under-reported despite known hypercoagulopathic state. Traditional risk factors for coronary artery occlusion include intracardiac thrombi, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Baffle leaks and abnormal ventriculocorona
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Video capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy are complementary technologies. Capsule endoscopy is a highly acceptable technology with high diagnostic yield that can guide a subsequent enteroscopy approach. This article aims to focus on the role of video capsule endoscopy as a prelude to deep enteroscopy with a focus on the strengths and limitations of either approach.The cause of small intestinal bleedin
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[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00086.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00082.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00119.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00070.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00151.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.parepi.2018.02.002.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016
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47 (-0.74 to -0.20)) and intervention (-0.48 (-0.76 to -0.19)). The intervention group maintained HbA1c levels after month 6, whereas control group HbA1c levels slightly increased (adjusted mean from 9.83% at month 6%-9.90% at month 12). Also, HbA1c was examined by level of participant engagement. The high engagement group showed a decreasing trend over the study period, while control and lower engagement groups f
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Compared with filgotinib, adalimumab (4.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-16.66), etanercept (6.04; 95% CI, 1.79-20.37), peficitinib (7.56; 95% CI, 1.63-35.12), tofacitinib (4.29; 95% CI, 1.43-12.88), and upadacitinib (4.35; 95% CI, 1.46-13.00) have an increased risk of herpes zoster infection. Risk differences between the drugs became statistically nonsignificant when the sensitivity analysis was conducted
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic thoracic pain, even though not as prevalent as low back and neck pain, appears in approximately 30% of the general population. The severity of thoracic pain and degree of disability seems to be similar to other painful conditions. Despite this severity, interventions in managing chronic thoracic pain are less frequent, and there is a paucity of literature regarding epidur
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Results suggested that trees may exhibit more complex physiological responses to the changing environmental conditions over multidecadal periods, and complicating the parameterisation of Earth system models and the estimation of future carbon sink capacity and water balance in midlatitude forests and elsewhere.Xanthatin (Xa) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene lactone identified from the plant Xanthium L. with imp
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In this article, we discuss our response to one research ethics committee which had suggested that for a qualitative study for which we were seeking ethical approval (investigating experiences of pregnancy and childbirth having previously survived childhood sexual abuse), any disclosure of non-recent (historic) childhood sexual abuse which had not been previously reported would result in the researcher being
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