Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
291,519 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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In this study, the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was initiated in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). Then the reactor was operated under different IC/N ratios. The total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency (TINRE) at IC/N ratios of 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 and 2.0 were 37.0 ± 11.0%, 58.9 ± 10.2%, 73.9 ± 3.2%, 73.6 ± 1.8% and 72.6 ± 2.0%, respectively. The suitable ra
NikolajsenPorterfield5738
Selleck Thiazovivin
Depression is intimately linked with oxidative stress in the brains. Peroxisome plays vital roles in the regulation of intracellular redox balance by keeping reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Available evidence indicates a possible relationship between peroxisomal ROS and depression. Even so, the underlying modulation mechanisms of peroxisomal ROS in depression are still rudimentary due to the limit
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All patients had been examined with CARIFS score at enrollment, after 48 hours, 7 and 30 days by doctors and parents. Nasal swabs were obtained at registration, after 48 hours and after one week. Outcomes CARIFS score improved in both groups. Episodes of sneezing and cough were fewer in study team after seven days of follow-up (p less then 00
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Moreover, the expression of TUSC7 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while it facilitated apoptosis through competitively binding miR-23b. We also found that TUSC7 decreased the expression of phosphodiesterase 7A (PDE7A), a downstream target of miR-23b, through the TUSC7/miR-23b/PDE7A axis.
We demonstrated the expression of TUSC7 suppress
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The correct packing motifs in the two polymorphs could not be identified without calculations of the pairwise interaction energies. The triclinic structure has a higher density and a lower (by 0.60 kcal mol-1) lattice energy according to periodic calculations compared to the orthorhombic structure. This allows us to presume that the triclinic form of 3-cyclopropyl-5-(2-hydrazinylpyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole is the more s
MyrickMichaelsen0613
Smad cancer
ome quicker, more efficient, and develop critical thinking skills. In other words, the ability to objectively evaluate patients in order to form a proper disposition of sick and injured soldiers during training, in the field, as well as in garrison. When utilized properly, the ADTMC application ensures that soldiers reporting to sick call are expeditiously routed to the appropriate level of care, and is a vehicle for further tr
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UMI-77 cell line
004). No significant differences were observed between TZ and donepezil. No significant differences of adverse events were found. CONCLUSIONS TZ and donepezil could bring symptomatic benefit for mild to moderate VaD. Trial registration The protocol had retrospectively registered at clinical trial.gov, Unique identifier NCT02453932, date of registration May 27, 2015; https//www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT024
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Treatment of Add in Adults
Adults with add are typically treated by a combination of medication therapy, psychotherapy and life-skills training. Most patients respond to stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamines such as Lisdexamphetamine (Adderall XR) or extended-release mixed amphetamine salts.
BarreraBendtsen4716
NX-5948
The addition of Brazil nut extract in the cryoprotective medium as a substitute of egg yolk for freezing bovine semen negatively affects sperm quality and fertility.
Dorper sheep is an ideal breed for improvement, with higher meat production and increased adaptability. Artificial insemination is an efficient technique for Dorper genetic improvement and reproduction management. However, there is no unifor
DouglasFriedrichsen9743
PI3K inhibitor
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (US) in determining the surface irregularity of carotid artery plaques. Material and methods This study included 50 patients (20 females and 30 males) aged between 56 and 82 years with plaques in the carotid artery which were detected during routine neck ultrasound. Simultaneously these cases were evaluated in terms of plaque echo
GallagherRiley9324
VPS34 inhibitor 1
272-2.704] for mortality in PD cohort. Comorbidities, such as ischaemic stroke [odds ratios (OR) = 2.314, 95% CI, 1.895-2.824], haemorrhagic stroke (OR = 2.281, 95% CI, 1.466-3.550) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 1.307, 95% CI, 1.048-1.630) were associated with increased mortality, whereas dyslipidemia (OR = 0.285, 95% CI, 0.227-0.358) was negatively correlated with mortality.
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Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) is characterized by improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) following arrhythmia treatment. Predictors of recovery in LVEF are not well understood.
We evaluated predictors of AIC recovery in a large multicenter cohort.
In total, 243 patients (age 65 ± 11, 73% male) with AIC caused by
SamuelsenSnyder4111
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McLainBowden4670
Autophagy activator
The motor imagery (MI) paradigm has been wildly used in brain-computer interface (BCI), but the difficulties in performing imagery tasks limit its application. Mechanical vibration stimulus has been increasingly used to enhance the MI performance, but its improvement consistence is still under debate. To develop more effective vibration stimulus methods for consistently enhancing MI, this study proposes an EEG ph
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OAGB is a valid alternative for complete DM2 remission no matter if it is not accompanied by some degree of obesity, since in this case the length of the biliopancreatic limb and common channel is modified to make a less malabsorptive procedure.Crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from the supercooled liquid state is an important issue in determining the stability of amorphous pharmaceutical disper
SherwoodBarton7136
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ssion and improves CBSC survival/retention, similar to gCTRP9. Moreover, CTRP9-281 stimulates VEGFA-rich exosome production by CBSC, exerting superior pro-angiogenic, anti-fibrotic, and cardioprotective actions.
We identified a CTRP9 polypeptide that upregulates SOD2/SOD3 expression and improves CBSC survival/retention, similar to gCTRP9. Moreover, CTRP9-281 stimulates VEGFA-rich exosome production by
DudleyThybo8302
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MPP antagonist
Conclusion MDS 3.0 depression and behavioral symptoms had high overall and negative agreement, but low positive agreement with clinician diagnoses. MDS 3.0 data may be useful in ruling out depression and behavioral symptoms. Confirmation of the findings in a representative sample of nursing homes is warranted.Diosgenin (DI) and trigonelline (TRG) are the main bioactive compounds of fenugreek seed. A micro
SvenningsenGammelgaard3773
selleck compound
By the end of December 2019, 26 countries had undergone formal benchmarking, and a further 54 countries had used the GBT to conduct self-benchmarking exercises assisted by WHO.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, with a prevalence of 25-30%. Since its first description in 1980, NAFLD has been conceived as a different entity from alcoh
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MS177 Histone Methyltransferase inhibitor
Both HDACs and Mnks play important role in translating multiple oncogenic signaling pathways during oncogenesis. As HDAC and Mnk are highly expressed in a variety of tumors; thus simultaneous inhibit HDAC and Mnk can increase the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and provide a new way of inhibiting tumor growth. Based on the previous work and the merge pharmacophore method; we designed a
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Astroblastoma is a very rare glial tumor derived from astroblasts. It has been controversial in terms of its features and diagnosis. The objective of this report is to present the findings of the high-grade astroblastoma with a good prognosis in a 21-year-old female who presented to us with diplopia and headache. While imaging led to the foremost differentials of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and Ganglioglioma which are l
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Psychotic symptoms are a common and debilitating feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are associated with a more rapid course of decline. Current evidence from postmortem and neuroimaging studies implicates frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, with reported disruptions in monoaminergic pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this remain unclear. In the presen
McCallumVilhelmsen1760
PCO371 in vivo
Objectives To assess the acceptability and validity of the 3 levels of the EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L) compared with the Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Diseases (QoL-AD) in patients living with dementia. Methods The analysis was based on 560 dyads of persons with dementia and their caregivers of the multicenter observational study of dementia care networks in Germany (DemNet-D). Health-related quality of life was assessed by fac
FarleyFloyd7078
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Bunk beds are an excellent option for families with multiple children and can make space in smaller spaces. But, you’ll need to consider your room’s size and ceiling height and whether or not you’d like a trundle bed to sleepovers.
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CarrilloDavidson2945
Selleck Saracatinib
Trabeculectomy has been performed since the mid-1960s and remains the gold standard for glaucoma surgery. Newer surgical options have evolved, collectively referred to as minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS). Despite producing large intraocular pressure decreases, full-thickness procedures into the subconjunctival space may be limited by fibrosis. Application of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C (MMC) have
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The application of the capability, opportunity and motivation behaviour model facilitated identifying important factors influencing adherence to heart failure self-care recommendations. The model served as a comprehensive guide for the selection and design of interventions for improving heart failure self-ca
BlalockMckinney1815
selleck kinase inhibitor
If we can get a better grip on these factors, HS has the potential to become a part of circular agriculture.Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental filamentous fungus that can be pathogenic for humans, wherein it is responsible for a large variety of clinical forms ranging from allergic diseases to life-threatening disseminated infections. The contamination occurs by inhalation of conidia present in the a
AyersLinde1986
Epacadostat
Objectives To assess perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 infections during pregnancy and the possibility of vertical transmission. Methods An analysis was performed using Stata 15.0, and Q-test was used to evaluate the heterogeneity of the included studies. Results The most common symptoms were found to be fever (64.78%), cough (59.81%) and shortness of breath or dyspnea (23.86%). Of this 88.73% patients demon
HoffmannKirkpatrick3949
ONO-7300243 mouse
ROC analysis showed that the combination of perivascular infiltration, interface dermatitis and spongiosis detected by ex vivo CLSM has the potential to distinguish between CLE and controls. Basement membrane immunoreactivity with IgG, IgM and IgA was identified in 88.8% (n = 15), 55.5% (n = 10) and 55.5% (n = 10) of the CLE samples using ex vivo CLSM, respectively, whereas DIF showed IgG, IgM and IgA positivi
ElliottHoppe0877
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2419144, first posted April 17, 2015.
The legal criteria for medical assistance in dying (MAiD) for adults with a grievous and irremediable medical condition were established in Canada in 2016. There has been concern that potentially reversible states of depression or demoralization may contribute to the desire for death (DD) and requests for MAiD. However, little i
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FGFR inhibitor
1 ± 1.5 vs. - 1.7 ± 1.6, P = 0.074), and so is the lowest lumbar BMD of DXA (0.83 ± 0.16 g/cm2 vs. 0.88 ± 0.19 g/cm2, P = 0.054). The HU value was lower in the loosening group (106.8 ± 34.4 vs. 129.8 ± 45.7, P less then 0.001). The HU value (OR, 0.980; 95%CI 0.968-0.993; P = 0.002) was the independent influencing factor of screw loosening. The AUC of predicting screw loosening was 0.666 (P less
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This study may help develop new methods for detection of HLB or find new attractants or repellents of ACP for prevention of HLB.Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes, are increasing worldwide and cause 65% to 78% of deaths in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). A random sample of 477 healthy adults were recruited in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the period March-J
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GSK-3 inhibition
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ICIs provide higher rates of CR compared to SOC, even higher in patients with PD-L1 positive tumors.
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There was a considerable increase in EHI fatalities reported in the literature over the last three decades in American football and an increased reporting of EHI incidence in endurance type events during the last 5-years. CONCLUSION Use of different terminology and injury definitions in most studies have resulted in an inconsistency in reporting EHI incidence data, and also likely underreporting of less-s
McCallumKumar6119
Omilancor
Furthermore, Anthocerotibacter has one of the most reduced gene sets for photosystems and phycobilisomes among Cyanobacteria. Despite this, Anthocerotibacter is capable of oxygenic photosynthesis under a wide range of light intensities, albeit with much less efficiency. Given its key phylogenetic position, distinct trait combination, and availability as a culture, Anthocerotibacter opens a new window to further illuminate t
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In conclusion, colistin plus vancomycin was no significant differences in 30-day mortality, clinical response, microbiological response compared to colistin alone for infections due to CRAB. The nephrotoxicity rates were similar for both groups, so colistin combination with vancomycin was not necessary for the management of infection caused by CRAB.First-principle calculations were carried out to simulate the three decomposition g
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