Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
226,367 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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A complete of 103 signs/symptoms occurred. The team with signs/symptomFor rMSSD, SD1 and SD1/SD2, the lower the values of those HRV indexes, the higher the possibility of appearance of signs/symptoms. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20 853-859.Customers with lower HRV are more likely to have signs/symptoms. The rMSSD, pNN50, HF (indicated as ms2 ), SD1 and SD1
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We aimed to investigate the association between cerebral arteriosclerosis stenosis (CAS) and the short-term prognosis of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) related cardioembolic stroke treated by reperfusion therapy.
The data of 195 consecutive NVAF related cardioembolic stroke patients were retrospectively collected. We defined poor functional outco
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Linking population trends to species’ traits is informative for the detection of the most important threatening factors and for assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures. Although some previous studies performed such an analysis at local to continental scales, the global-scale focus is the most relevant for conservation of the entire species. Here we evaluate information on global population trends of
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ed women randomized to receive maternal TDF-ART during breastfeeding compared to those mothers whose infants received nevirapine prophylaxis.Evidence-based models emphasizing on lifestyle behaviours for the treatment of drug use is still in its infancy. The development of multicomponent effective drug use intervention programs as part of health promotion is crucial to decrease risk of relapse. This s
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Complete blood cell analysis revealed eosinophilia and altered neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios as a consequence of lewisite exposure. Mean platelet volume and RBC distribution width, which are predictors of lung injury, were also increased in the lewisite group. These data demonstrate that cutaneous lewisite exposure causes ALI and may contribute to mortality in exposed populations. © 2020 New York Academy of Sciences.INTRODUC
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To assess whether connective tissue disorder is evident in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection and therefore identify patients at risk of recurrence using a cutting-edge quantitative proteomics approach.
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Then, each model is validated, calculating their receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) value. For those features whose models presented an AUC value higher than 0.650, a new multivariate model is constructed, in order to validate its behavior in comparison to the univariate models. In addition, a comparison between this multivariate model and a model developed b
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Rationale High-salt diet (HSD) is one of the most important risk factors for hypertension. Intestinal flora has been reported to be associated with high salt-induced hypertension (hSIH). However, the detailed roles of intestinal flora in hSIH pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Objective To reveal the roles and mechanisms of intestinal flora in hSIH development. Methods and Results The above-mentioned iss
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Infectious diseases have been responsible for an increasing number of deaths worldwide, being Staphylococcus aureusone of the most notable causative agent of severe infections, while efflux pump (EP) expression is one of the main mechanisms associated with S. aureus resistance to antibiotics.
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The collected responses can be further analysed by considering other demographic and socioeconomic covariates.The article describes thermal datasets collected in a two-story concrete building of the Sense-City equipment during various controlled climatic scenarios. Using the Sense-City climatic chamber, we reproduced stationary thermal conditions, a typical winter climate of the south of France and Paris 2003 heat wave
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Nanozymes or enzyme mimetic nanostructures possessing intrinsic catalytic activity circumvent various limitations of natural enzymes and hence have emerged as their promising alternative. Gold nanostructures or their hybrids with other metals are popular nanozymes because of their easy synthesis, facile surface modifications, stability, and possessing excellent peroxidase activity. Since 2004, when peroxidase activity was
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Yeast cells reacted to the presence of furan aldehydes by overproducing Hsp60 involved in the control of intracellular protein folding. The results may be helpful in optimizing the process parameters of second-generation ethanol production, in order to reduce the formation and toxic effects of fermentation inhibitors.Treatment-induced neuropathy in diabetes (TIND) is defined by the occurrence of an acute neuropa
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PKCε inhibition changed the metabolism of PGCs toward glycolysis, increasing the proportion of inactive mitochondria. This metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), given we found upregulation of both HIF1α and HIF2α in the first 48 hours of culturing. PKCε inhibition did not change the classical pluripotency gene expression of PGCs, Oct4, or Nanog. PKCε inhib
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Microstate B displayed a decrease in FEP compared to both UHR patient groups, and thus may represent a state biomarker specific to psychotic illness progression. Microstate D was significantly decreased in UHR-T compared to UHR-NT, suggesting its potential as a selective biomarker of future transition in UHR patients.Heterogeneity is an important concept in psychiatric research and science more broadly. It negatively impacts ef
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The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease which is characterized by memory loss and cognitive disorders. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is not known at present but toxicity of amyloid-beta is one of the central hypotheses. Amyloid-beta can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause oxidative stress, damage mitochondrial, cause inflammatory reactions and act
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Seagrass meadows, algal forests and mussel beds are widely regarded as foundation species that support communities providing valuable ecosystem services in many coastal regions; however, quantitative evidence of the relationship is scarce. Using the Baltic Sea as a case study, a region of significant socio-economic importance in the northern hemisphere, we systematically synthesized the primary literat
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Conclusions CG may be a safe and effective adjuvant in the treatment of symptomatic knee OA.Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an aggressive malignancy that can originate from various organs. TP63 is a master regulator that plays an essential role in epidermal differentiation. It is also a lineage-dependent oncogene in SCC. ΔNp63α is the prominent isoform of TP63 expressed in epidermal cells and SCC, and ov
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Purpose To report a case of displacement of retained subretinal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) through therapeutic retinal detachment (RD) induced by balanced salt solution (BSS) injection. Methods This is a surgical case report. We present a case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with subretinal PFCL at the papillo-macular bundle with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/2
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Investigating green and effective means for ammonia synthesis is an important but challenging task. Electrochemical ammonia synthesis (EAS) from an indirect route (N2 → NOx → NH3) provides a feasible alternative strategy. The key step in this route is the reduction of NOx to NH3 instead of N2, which requires the investigation of efficient catalysts with high selectivity of NH3. Herein, we initially demonstrate a highly ef
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