Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
386,410 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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The microbial community in the plant rhizosphere is vital to plant productivity and disease resistance. Alterations in the composition and diversity of species within this community could be detrimental if microbes suppressing the activity of pathogens are removed. Species of the insect-pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium, commonly employed as biological control agents against crop pests, have recently been identified as pl
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Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamping evokes the obligatory global myocardial ischemia and dysfunction with a significant inflammatory response. The discrepancy about cardioprotective effects of erythropoietin still exist. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical immunomodulatory effects of Erythropoietin (EPO) on serum inflammatory biomarkers (YKL-40, IL-6) and cardiac biomarkers, (pro-BNP, CK-MB and trop
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product of the carA gene is necessary for δ-toxin production in USA300. This work lays a foundation for future work on understanding toxin regulation in S. aureus and prediction of phenotypes from genomic sequences. ©2020 Su et al.Background Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections among women worldwide. The current study’s main objective is to repor
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© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.Testes and vasa deferentia are parts of the male reproductive system of decapod crustaceans. Both organs show morphological differences among decapod species in terms of anatomical and histological patterns reflecting the diversity of this group. Describing these features may assist in systematics, phylogenetics, and studies of reproductive behavior, especially for species of commerci
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is crucial for HBX-mediated EMT and hepatocarcinogenesis, and may serve as a potential target for HBV-related HCC treatment. Video abstract.
Bone metastasis is the leading cause of mortality and reduced quality of life in patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Long non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) has been observed to have an abnormal expression in various cancers. This articl
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In carvedilol, indacaterol was associated with a higher peak heart rate (119 ± 34 vs. 113 ± 30 bpm, with indacaterol and placebo) and a lower prevalence of hypopnea during sleep (3.8 [0.0;6.3] vs. 5.8 [2.9;10.5] events/hour, with indacaterol and placebo). Inhaled indacaterol is well tolerated in HF patients, it does not influence lung diffusion, and, in bisoprolol, it increases ventilation response to exercise.Speci
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Pain is a public health problem with negative impact on quality of life.
To analyze the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated occupational factors among Pilates instructors, and to compare their quality of life relative to Brazilian reference values.
A total of 166 Pilates instructors from Rio Grand
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Heavy metals have caused widespread concern due to their adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, there are few studies on their tolerance mechanism. In this study, the tolerance mechanisms of Cyclotella sp. to Cr(VI) were explored. The increase of antioxidant enzymes activity acting as a defense mechanism could help Cyclotella sp. to reduce the oxidative damage caused by the heavy metal Cr(VI).
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Treatments targeted at reducing emergent hernia repair, stopping perforation of peptic ulcer disease, increasing outlying infrastructure for reaction to significant injury, and increasing NHI coverage may improve POMR in rural Ghana. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s).Background/Objectives Diabetes is an international general public health condition, and
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Reptiles are popular as pets and it is, therefore, important to understand how different aspects of housing and husbandry impact on their behaviour and welfare. One potential cause of stress in captive reptiles is interaction with humans; in particular, the effect of handling. However, little research on handling has been carried out with reptiles, particular
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Specifically, we propose a boosting GAN (BoostGAN) for occluded but profile face frontalization, deocclusion, and recognition, which has two aspects 1) with the assumption that face occlusion is incomplete and partial, multiple images with patch occlusion are fed into our model for knowledge boosting, i.e., identity and texture information and 2) a new aggregation structure integrated with a deep encode
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Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) is a method used for assessing the interaction of ligands with proteins. In most cases binding of a ligand to proteins tends to increase the melting temperature (Tm) of the protein involved. However, in the case of strigolactone receptors (e.g., D14, AtD14, DAD2, RMS3) from plants, the Tm tends to be reduced in the presence of strigolactones. This is likely due to increased flexibility
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Tumor metastases to regional lymph nodes are associated with worse outcome for patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but there is a wide variation in survival. We hypothesized that infiltration of tumor-involved lymph nodes with activated effector T cells would impact subsequent outcome. A total of 54 lymph nodes (27 N+ and 15 N- collected from 12 patients with Stage IIB (T2N1M0) and 12 N- ly
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While zoonotic transmission of non-human malaria parasites is generally considered to not be possible for the vast majority of Plasmodium species, failure to consider the feasibility of its occurrence may lead to the emergence of a potentially life-threatening blood-borne disease of humans. Here, we argue that recent trends in behavior among what were hitherto considered to be non-human malaria parasites to
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The central complex (CX) in the insect brain is a higher order integration center that controls a number of behaviors, most prominently goal directed locomotion. The CX comprises the protocerebral bridge (PB), the upper division of the central body (CBU), the lower division of the central body (CBL), and the paired noduli (NO). Although spatial orientation has been extensively studied in honeybees at the beh
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Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is one of the malignant tumors with a high mortality rate worldwide, which seriously affects people’s health. Calcium-activated chloride channel 4 (CLCA4) was reported to be a tumor inhibitor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, the role of CLCA4 in ESCA is still unclear.
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Using a mobile research facility, we enrolled 141 opioid users from a neighborhood of Philadelphia, an urban epicenter of the opioid epidemic. Nearly all (95.6%) met DSM-5 criteria for severe opioid use disorder. The prevalence of HIV infection (8.5%) was more than seven times that found in the general population of the city. Eight of the HIV-positive participants (67.0%) re
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To evaluate the safety in cochlear implantation without preoperative computed tomography diagnostics, which was implemented into the protocol of cochlear implantation in 2013, since in the year before, new evidence concerning the risks of ionizing radiation especially in children arose.
In this retrospective data analysis 89 children under 36 months, which were cochlear imp
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Microparticles (MPs) are vesicular structures that derive from multiple cellular sources. MPs play important roles in intercellular communication, regulation of cell signaling or initiation of enzymatic processes. While MPs were characterized in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients, their contribution to SSc pathogenesis remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate the potential role of MPs in SSc pathophysiology and
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Percutaneous microwave ablation may potentially be a safe, effective, and promising technique for controlling tumor volume and improving the quality of life in patients with desmoid fibromatosis.
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This study investigated a novel SPECT agent for the noninvasive imaging of EGFR-overexpressing tumors.
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Conclusions This study demonstrates that H2S promotes cell proliferation and melanin synthesis in HEMs, which indicates pharmacologic regulation of H2S may be potential treatment for skin disorders caused by loss of melanocytes or dysfunction of melanogenesis.Introduction Tadalafil improves lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) including nocturia. However, the effect of tadalafil on the nocturia-related quality of life (Qo
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Secondly, this paper assesses the performance of the machine learning techniques in existing research for fuzz testing. The results of the evaluation prove that machine learning techniques have an acceptable capability of prediction for fuzzing. Finally, the capability of discovering vulnerabilities both traditional fuzzers and machine learning-based fuzzers is analyzed. The results depict that the introduction of
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Findings from this study can inform future parent involvement programs, strategies for community engagement and practice with Latino caregivers, and research.Stromal cells organize specific anatomic compartments within bone marrow (BM) and secondary lymphoid organs where they finely regulate the behavior of mature normal B cells. In particular, lymphoid stromal cells (LSCs) form a phenotypically heterogeneous compartme
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Background and objectives An Italian nationwide pre-participation screening approach for prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes (SCD-A) in competitive sportspeople showed promising results but did not achieve international consensus, due to cost-effectiveness and the shortfall of a monitoring plan. From this perspective, we tried to provide an epidemiological update of SCD-A in Italy through a year-long internet-based search.
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