Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
214,199 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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The lack of an association between ROP and IGF-1 in Latin America supports the observation that growth-based predictive models do not perform as well in this setting where more mature babies still develop severe ROP.
Low IGF-1 was not associated with ROP in these infants. The lack of an association between ROP and IGF-1 in Latin America supports the observation that growth-based predictive mod
MacDonaldNymand9111
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This study describes a series of cases best explained by invoking the left septal fascicle (LSF) as a critical component of the arrhythmia circuit.
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This paper presents 5 cases that i
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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging serious global health problem. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients, and SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in stool specimens. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and disease remains to be established. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 COVID-19 patients, 24 influenza A (H1N1) patients, and 30 matched healt
SalehCarey5875
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Burn survivors may be at increased risk for suicide due to the nature of their injury and psychiatric comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence as to the prevalence of suicidal ideations and behaviors (attempts and completed suicides) in burn survivors as well as evaluate risk and protective factors. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Web Science databases were searched usi
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Adherence to treatment was higher in the experimental group. Adding aerobic exercises in an unloaded position to a conventional exercise program produced superior effects over time for self-reported knee pain, knee pain and disability and quality of life compared to loaded aerobic exercises in overweight subjects with knee osteoarthritis.Cisplatin is widely used to treat various types of cancers, but it is often
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Expression of DKK1 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and partially rescued osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. In summary, our results suggest that gastric cancer cells might cause bone damage prior to the occurrence of bone metastasis via cilia-dependent activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Brain-specific SIRT6-KO mice present increased DNA damage, learning impairments, and neurodegenerative pheno
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The effects of IGF-1 in this process may depend on its function in regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY IGF-1 expression was downregulated by sevoflurane anesthesia in rats and could be rescued by intravenous IGF-1 injection, which alleviated sevoflurane-caused cognitive injuries and enhanced inflammatory responses in aged rats. Intravenous injection of IGF-1 rescued sevoflurane-depressed Akt ph
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The results of autophagic flux using chloroquine and RFP-GFP-LC3 analysis showed that the accumulation of autophagosome was not caused by the formation but by the impaired degradation. PFOS was capable of blocking the fusion between autophagosome and lysosome. PFOS caused dysfunction of lysosomes because it down-regulated Lamp2a and cathepsin D, but it did not induced lysosome membrane permeabilization. Me
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This technique may be an alternative to combination of multiple graft techniques; with advantages of practical performing and less complication risks.
Whether the direct aspiration approach of thrombectomy for recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke has a similar efficacy and safety compared to the stent-retriever still remains uncertain.
A retrosp
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Pyridostatin
Injury to nerves results in motor or sensory loss, pain, or a combination of these, leading to significant morbidity or functional impairment.Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) of the newborn is a rare, self-limited panniculitis that typically occurs in full-term or post-term newborn infants within the first few weeks of life. SCFN is clinically characterized by firm, red or purple subcutaneou
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Natural killer (NK) cells represent innate effector cells potentially able to play a role during the immune response against multiple myeloma (MM). To better define the distribution and the specific properties of NK cell subsets during MM disease, we analyzed their features in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of newly diagnosed MM patients. Our findings revealed that, in both compartments, NK cells we
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Health technology assessment provides a means to assess the technical properties, safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and ethical/legal/social impact of a novel technology. An important component of health technology assessment is the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), which can be performed using model-based CEA. This study used the CEA model to compare the cost-effectiveness of a novel ligament augmentation dev
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This can expand the applicability of collagen hydrogels to tissues subject to a continuous load. GF delivery has also been explored, mathematically and experimentally, through the development of direct loading, chemical cross-linking, electrostatic interaction, and other carrier systems. This comprehensive article explores the ways in which these parameters, mechanical properties and GF delivery, have been optimized in
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These data represent the most comprehensive proteomic map of the normal mouse brain and they might further be used in studies related to brain diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Pregnancy up-regulated non-ubiquitous calmodulin kinase (PNCK) is a member of calmodulin kinase, and overexpression of PNCK with involvement in carcinogenesis have
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All groups experienced similar improvements in functional outcomes, rates of minimal clinically important difference attainment, and patient satisfaction (P > .05). Older patients were more likely to gain weight (P < .05). Patients with higher preoperative BMI were more likely to gain weight (P < .05) and less likely to lose weight (P < .05). Patients with greater preoperative comorbidities were less li
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Selleckchem BI-2852
Cutin and suberin are hydrophobic lipid biopolyester components of the cell walls of specialized plant tissue and cell-types, where they facilitate adaptation to terrestrial habitats. Many steps in their biosynthetic pathways have been characterized, but the basis of their spatial deposition and precursor trafficking is not well understood. Members of the GDSL lipase/esterase family catalyze cutin polymerization
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However, Sdc1 does not support Lm attachment or invasion of host cells, indicating that Sdc1 does not promote pathogenesis as a cell surface Lm receptor. Instead, Sdc1 inhibits the clearance of Lm before the bacterium gains access to its intracellular niche. Large intravascular aggregates of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) embedded with antimicrobial compounds are formed in Sdc1-/- livers, which
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Across clerkships there is a need for better use of evidence based pedagogies to support emotional development.
There is an educational need for developmental space for students during General Practice, greater focus on preparing students for relationship building during Paediatrics and addressing stigma and personal safety issues in students during the Psychiatry
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50, 95% confidence interval 1.20-1.87, p less then 0.001). Long-term exposure to SHS (≥10 years) was associated with dental caries in permanent dentition among Japanese young adults.The low environmental impact and high long-term performance of products are becoming imperative for the sustainable development of the construction industry. Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are one of the available low-embodied-carbon alte
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003) and maximum time delay scans (p = 0.005). We found significant higher normalized ratios for minimum post-injection time delay with respect to maximum post-injection time delay (p less then 0.001). The normalized ratios demonstrated a statistically significant negative correlation with the post-injection time delay (r = – 0.31; p = 0.006). The findings of this study suggest that washout phenomena of retai
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l movements was reverted by CB1r manipulations directly into the SNr.Spontaneous neurotransmitter release is a fundamental property of synapses in which neurotransmitter filled vesicles release their content independent of presynaptic action potentials. Despite their seemingly random nature, these spontaneous fusion events can be regulated by Ca2+ signaling pathways. Here, we probed the mechanisms
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These findings clearly emphasize that CTLA-4-Ig can effectively prevent podocyte damage, inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis, and thereby treating and preventing DN. In addition, ultrasound microbubble exposure can improve the ability of CTLA-4-Ig to pass through the glomerular basement membrane in order to access podocytes such that combination CTLA-4-Ig + microbubble exposure treatment is superior to treatment
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gy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
In the gestational-age range of 32 to 36 weeks, adjustment of CPR or UCR for gestational age is not necessary when assessing the risk of adverse outcome in pregnancies at risk of fetal growth restriction. The adoption of absolute CPR or UCR thresholds, independent
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34 [95% CI, 0.13-0.89];
=0.028). However, those with or without ILT had similar risks of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90-day death.
Among acute LVO patients receiving endovascular treatment, pretreatment ILT-positive patients may have a better 90-day functional outcome (versus ILT-negative) but similar risk of death and symptomatic intracranial hemo
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Conclusion Although renal fungal infections are rare, a strong suspicion and timely definitive management of such entities in patients with radiolucent renal calculus can prevent devastating invasive disease.Solitary renal unit with ectopic ureter with bladder agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. Urinary incontinence in such cases is dealt with various continent and noncontinent procedures. We report
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Our study shows that the unimanual and CTA methods for eyelid retraction are significantly less painful for patients compared to the speculum method. Patient comfort is of the utmost importance as intravitreal injections are performed millions of times a year with most patients requiring multiple injections.
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Moreover, the results from cycling experiments indicate the as-prepared ZnO samples exhibit good stability and long-time performance. This work provides useful information for the preparation of hierarchical ZnO photocatalysts.The antH. venatorcan engage in various labors using a pair of elongated mandibles with the ability to rotate about two orthogonal axes. This biaxial rotation
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Previous studies showed that recanalization and angiogenesis within the infarct region are of vital importance to the survival of myocardial cells during the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
In this study, EdU cell proliferation assay, Transwell assay, scratch wound assay, and tube formation assay were used. Twelve bioinformatics analysis packages were used to predict the
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COVID-19 has recently become the most serious threat to public health, and its prevalence has been increasing at an alarming rate. The incubation period for the virus is ~1-14 days and all age groups may be susceptible to a fatality rate of about 5.9%. COVID-19 is caused by a novel single-stranded, positive (+) sense RNA beta coronavirus. The development of a vaccine for SAR
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Good results were achieved by applying the established correction scheme on the experimentally measured CT number variations under different tube voltages and body sizes.Lung disease is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The onset of lung involvement in RA is not well known. The objective is to describe the features and evolution of lung involvement in early RA, its re
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There has been limited research on the positive aspects of physician wellness and to our knowledge there have been no validity studies on measures of resilience and grit among internal medicine (IM) r
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Сводному отряду курсантов была поставлена задача преградить путь немцам на Ильинском боевом участке в течение 5–7 дней, пока не подойдут резервы из глубины страны. В них до 5 тысяч немецких солдат и офицеров и подбили до 100 танков. События фильма разворачиваются в 1948 году во время войны между Израилем и Палестиной.
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hepatitis B is a global public health problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its associated factors based on data from a mass screening in several localities across Benin.
we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study with prospective data collection. Data collection was carried out during voluntary fre
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KRAS is a frequent oncogenic driver in solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It was previously thought to be an “undruggable” target due to the lack of deep binding pockets for specific small-molecule inhibitors. A better understanding of the mechanisms that drive KRAS transformation, improved KRAS-targeted drugs, and immunological approaches that aim at yielding immune responses against KRAS neoant
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The simple prediction nomogram included five predictors from univariate and multivariate analyses, including gender, total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Internal validation showed that the model had good discrimination [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.80] and calibration. Good discrimination (AUC = 0.81) and calibration
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