Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
218,442 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Background Afghanistan ranks among the most disadvantaged globally for many key reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) indicators, despite important gains in the past decade. Youth (15 to 24 years) are a key audience for RMNCH information as they enter adulthood, marry and begin families; however, reaching Afghan youth with health information is challenging. Internally displaced persons (IDPs), including
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Therefore, it affects nitrogen nutrients and disturbs the normal physiological processes of fungi, and ultimately leads to the death of pathogens. This study provides a natural plant antifungal agent and a new perspective for the study of antifungal mechanisms.Exposure to media content is an important component of opinion formation around climate change. Online social media such as Twitter, the focus of this study, provide an
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Infant features are physical traits that are characteristic of human infants and include facial features such as large and low-lying eyes, and a small nose and mouth. Animals possessing high levels of infant features elicit care-giving responses in humans. Despite this, animal cruelty is a common occurrence. The aim of this research was to determine whether the ability to recognise and/or attend to infant featur
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The use of synthetic materials in emergency surgery for abdominal wall hernia in a potentially infected operating field has long been debated. In the present study, we evaluated the outcome of mesh prostheses in the management of incarcerated and strangulated abdominal wall hernias with or without organ resection.
Between March 2012 and January 2020, medical records of 301 pat
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The protective effect of intermittent hypoxia (IH) preconditioning against oxidative injury in hepatic cells was investigated and the involvement of the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy regulated by nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) was evaluated. The results showed that IH preconditioning protected HepG2 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/Rep)-induced injury and protected WRL68 cel
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Background Cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) is complicated by adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). Since non-physiological spine kinematics after CTDR was postulated to cause ASD, M6-C prosthesis has been developed to better replicate the natural kinematics of the intervertebral disc. This retrospective cohort study aims to compare the short-term outcomes between patients receiving either the M6-C or Mobi-C prosthes
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Median follow-up was 72 weeks. Fewer women than men had HIV-1 RNA ≤200copies/mLat week 48 39% vs 49% in cohort A and 83% vs 89% in CohortsB, C and D combined. More women experienced VF, Grade ≥3 signs and symptoms, but similar Grade ≥3 diagnoses or laboratory abnormalities. CONCLUSION More women than men entered the study with a resistance profile suggesting that their second-line regimen could have been
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In this article, the structures and energies of CF3COCl in the low-lying electronic states have been determined by SA-2-CAS(8,7)/6-31G* and SA-2-MSPT2(8,7)/6-31G* calculations, which include equilibrium geometries, transition states, and three minimum-energy conical intersections (CI-1, CI-2, and CI-3) between S0 and S1 states. The AIMS method was used to carry out non-adiabatic dynamic simulations with
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AIM The aim of this study is to compare outcomes of laparoscopic and open hernias in the over and under 65s at a district general hospital. METHODS Data were collected retrospectively on patients who underwent a unilateral inguinal hernia repair from 2012 to 2016. Only open mesh Lichtenstein repairs and laparoscopic transabdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP) mesh inguinal hernia repairs were included. The dataset incl
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We believe that the use of frozen embryos from fresh oocytes could be associated with a higher cumulative live birth rate per cycle, while favouring personalised oocyte recipient care with a flexible number of oocytes assigned and limiting the burden of travelling abroad.The mainstay of endometrioma management, when treatment is required, is surgical. Although laparoscopy is considered to be the gold standard for en
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Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is prevalent among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, the impact of CNCP on buprenorphine treatment outcomes is largely unknown. In this secondary analysis, we examined treatment outcomes among individuals with and without CNCP who received a low-barrier buprenorphine maintenance regimen during waitlist delays to more comprehensive opioid treatment.
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Risk-cost-benefit analysis requires the enumeration of decision alternatives, their associated outcomes, and the quantification of uncertainty. Public and private decision-making surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic must contend with uncertainty about the probability of infection during activities involving groups of people, in order to decide whether that activity is worth undertaking. We propose a deterministic
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ncerning the procedure time, LOS, and 30-day systemic complications for patients after elective EVAR for infrarenal AAA in the Chinese population.
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Genetic analyses were used to demonstrate that Fibro-purF motif RNAs regulate gene expression in accordance with predicted PRA concentrations. These findings indicate that Fibro-purF motif RNAs are genetic regulation elements that likely suppress PRA biosynthesis when sufficient levels of this purine precursor are present.Flexible vocal production control enables sound communication in both favorable and unfavorabl
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In November 2019, the NIH held the “Sensory Nutrition and Disease” workshop to challenge multidisciplinary researchers working at the interface of sensory science, food science, psychology, neuroscience, nutrition, and health sciences to explore how chemosensation influences dietary choice and health. This report summarizes deliberations of the workshop, as well as follow-up discussion in the wake of the current pande
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is increasingly being used in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) for diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring. However, recent data demonstrating brain gadolinium deposits have raised safety concerns. We developed and validated a machine-learning (ML) method that incorporates features extracted from cine to identify HC
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Introduction of a gene to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a well-known strategy to purposely manipulate the cell fate and further enhance therapeutic performance in cell-based therapy. Viral and chemical approaches for gene delivery interfere with differentiation potential. Although microinjection as a physical delivery method is commonly used for transfection, its influence on MSC cell fate is not fully understood. The cur
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Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) emerging adult (EA) women are at disproportionate risk for obesity but experience limited benefit from behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs. Race-related stress could play a role; the goal of this study was to examine the association between racial discrimination (RD) and early (3 months) changes in adiposity, and to explore potential protective factors, among EA in an adapted BWL program.
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Remote intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is defined as an ICH that occurs at a distant site from the treated lesion and is a considerable post-neurointerventional complication. Because such a life-threatening complication should not be neglected, we report our experience with delayed remote ICH in a patient with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) treated by Wingspan stenting
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