Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
220,167 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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We argue that the non-recognition of slums in official discourses limit their consideration for essential public services provision, and the implication of such neglect is discussed in the context of the consequences on women in the course of negotiating access to WaSH.Application of bio-based diisocyanates with low volatility instead petrochemical diisocyanates has positive impact on environmen
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lic health need to be contemplated, and appropriate measures should be initiated to contain its spread.
We aimed to estimate the time-varying transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in China, Wuhan City, and Guangdong province, and compare to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
Data on COVID-19 cases in China up to 20 March 2020 was collected from
PittmanButler7680
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matory cardiomyopathies.Exploration of community structures, habitations, and potential plant growth promoting (PGP) attributes of endophytic bacteria through next generation sequencing (NGS) is a prerequisite to culturing PGP endophytic bacteria for their application in sustainable agriculture. The present study unravels the taxonomic abundance and diversity of endoph
ReeseCooper3660
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When grownups tend to be presented with standard multimodal physical stimuli, the Colavita effect shows that obtained a visual prominence, whereas more modern research discovers that an auditory sensory prominence may be present in kids under 8 years old. Nonetheless, it is really not currently understood whether this occurrence keeps for more comple
LawrenceHerrera1473
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Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and the HIF-dependent cancer hallmarks angiogenesis and metabolic rewiring are well-established drivers of breast cancer aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Targeting of HIF and its downstream targets in angiogenesis and metabolism has been unsuccessful so far in the breast cancer clinical setting, with major unresolved challenges residing in target selection, develop
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APX2009
MicroRNAs (miRs) exhibit oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions that contribute to the initiation and development of various types of human cancer. miR‑149‑3p has been reported to serve multiple roles in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. However, the effects and detailed mechanism of miR‑149‑3p in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. In the present study, miR‑149‑3p mimic, mimic con
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진화형 게임에서는 다양한 조명 게임을 사용할 수 있습니다. 조명 게임은 Evolution Gaming의 게임 쇼 카테고리에 속하므로 호스트는 게임이 재생되는 동안 마이크를 잡고 채팅을 하면서 게임을 합니다. 제가 소개할 게임은 라이트닝 바카라(Lightning Bakara), 라이트닝 룰렛(Lightning Roulette), 라이트닝 다이스(Lightning Dice)입니다.각 게임을 시작하고 플레이하는 것이 무엇을 기대할 수 있는지 아는 것이 더 좋으므로 각 게임의 진행 상황, 규칙 및 배당률에 대해 설명하겠습니다.
에볼루션 라이트닝 바카라.
라이트닝 바카는 화면 좌측 하단에 쳐서 2X, 3X, 4X, 5X, 8X로 확대할 수 있습니다
WoodwardTalley4568
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Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a representative component of astragaloside saponins in dried roots of Astragali Radix. Astragaloside possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, anti-fibrosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the role of AS-IV in antiaging remains unclear. In this article, we studied the function of AS-IV in antiaging by using the Caenorhab
GuthrieMcConnell2643
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Per patient, aged 7-57 years at the time of the first PFT, three to nine PFTs were available over a period of 6-18 years. Restrictive pulmonary function, identified by TLC or suspected by FVC, was found in all, but one, patients. In three patients, TLC, FVC or both decreased further during the follow-up period. All, but one, patients had an increased RV. The DLCO/VA ratio was normal in all FOP patients. Interestingly, FEV
LaugesenGrossman6436
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At feedstuff level, silage production may benefit from the application of fungal enzymes that cleave lignocellulosic structures and consequently enable higher energy exploitation from forages in the rumen. Concluding, AF hold several potentials in improving ruminant feeding and future research efforts are called for to harness these potentials.Mobility restrictions have been a heated topic during the g
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1%; 95% CI -6.4 to 22.2). CONCLUSION Our study does not support the routine use of ultrasound for performing lumbar puncture in children. Considering the minimal harm and ease of performance, ultrasound may be used as an adjunct and teaching tool in certain clinical situations. PURPOSE Traumatic vertebral fracture accounts for 10-15% of trauma related admissions. While the correlation betwee
GoldWilladsen1214
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The highest bioaccessibility of most of the studied metal(loid)s at a L/S ratio of 5,000 was found for ALF fluid. The study of the effect of the L/S ratio showed that metal(loid)s bioaccessibility in Gamble’s fluid increased logarithmically with increasing L/S ratio, while it remained practically constant in ALF and gastric fluid. This different behavior is explained a
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Depression is a common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. To detect depression, we compared BDI-II scoring as a valid tool with participants’ self-reporting depression.
The sample size was determined to include 155 participants with positive self-reporting of depression in a total of 1300 samples with 310 healthy participants were included
KahnPatel1010
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5 μg/mL for linezolid. Mean concentrations in plasma, collected 100-510 min after the preoperative dosing, were 10.43 ± 4.83 μg/mL (range 3.29-22.26 μg/mL), and median concentrations in bone were 3.93 μg/mL (range 0.61-16.34 μg/mL). The median bone/plasma penetration ratio was 0.42 (range 0.14-0.95 μg/mL). Linezolid concentration in bone had a linear correlation with the drug concentration in plasma (r = 0.7873, p
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the validation cohort. Among the four models, the clinical-pathological model had the lowest AIC of 332.53 and the best P value of 0.909 of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. We constructed a nomogram which was a simple calculator to predict the risk ratio of progression to ESRD for patients with DN within 3 years. The clinical-pathological model using routinely available clinical
BossenHutchinson7763
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Background Esophageal cancer remains a disease with poor survival and many complications. Measuring muscle mass and quality can identify patients with diminished muscle mass (sarcopenia) and muscle fat infiltration (myosteatosis). We studied the impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis in resectable esophageal cancer on overall survival and complications. Patients and methods 139 patients received a radical esophagectomy. S
BenjaminHaney1668
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Objective To understand the mental health status of female workers in different industries in China, and to explore the influence of age, family per capita income, working hours and other factors on the mental health of female employees. Methods From May to July 2016, a cluster sampling survey was conducted among female workers from 15 Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Governm
PapeBoye0519
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Obesity has for decades been recognised as one of the major health concerns. Recently accumulated evidence has established that obesity or being overweight is strongly linked to an increased risk of cancer. However, it is still not completely clear how adipose tissue (fat), along with other stromal connective tissues and cells, contribute to tumour initiation and progression. In the tumour microenvironment, t
CrouchMortensen8002
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Lu AA41178 demonstrated antipsychotic-like activity by reducing amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice as well as lowering conditioned avoidance responses in rats. In the mouse forced swim test, a model with antidepressant predictivity, Lu AA41178 significantly reduced immobility. Additionally, behavioral effects typically observed with Kv7 openers was also characterized. In vivo assays were accompanied
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BACKGROUND The dorsal root (DRG) and trigeminal (TG) ganglia contain cell bodies of sensory neurons of spinal and trigeminal systems, respectively. They are homologs of each other; however, differences in how the two systems respond to injury exist. Trigeminal nerve injuries rarely result in chronic neuropathic pain (NP). To date, no genes involved in the differential response to nerve injury between the
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Ado-trastuzumab emtansine is a potent cytotoxic drug connected via a stable linker to the anti-HER2 antibody, trastuzumab. More studies need to be done to further investigate positive result presented in this case and whether this could be considered an alternative to current first-line therapy.
Some recent studies discussed in this c
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Seminal plasma (SP), the non-cellular component of semen, is a heterogeneous composite fluid built by secretions of the testis, the epididymis and the accessory sexual glands. Its composition, despite species-specific anatomical peculiarities, consistently contains inorganic ions, specific hormones, proteins and peptides, including cytokines and enzymes, cholesterol, DNA and RNA-the latter often protected within epididymi
HolstMoran5423
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The distribution of several TAGs and cholesteryl esters on mouse kidney section was presented by SALDI imaging directly on m-PVDF-m. These results demonstrated that modified PVDF materials presented exciting opportunities as matrices for the first time in SALDI MS acquisition and SALDI imaging.Pnictogen-bonding catalysis based on σ-hole interactions has recently attracted the attention of synthetic chemists. As a proof
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Analysis of basal vascular smooth muscle cell tone and the phasic as well as the tonic contraction in response to α1-adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine revealed that the chronic lack of eNOS expression affected aortic reactivity similarly but with different magnitude as compared to acute eNOS blockade using L-NAME in WT and eNOS-tg mice, suggesting that chronical distortion of NO signaling triggered several compensa
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Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) are small, cationic proteins that exhibit activity against bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi as well as boost host-specific innate immune responses. Insects produce these AMPs in the fat body and hemocytes, and release them into the hemolymph upon microbial infection. Hemolymph was collected from the bacterially immunized fifth instar larvae of tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta, and
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genic differentiation of BMSCs induced by OP via the miR-30a-5p/NOTCH1 axis. HCG18 can be identified as a regulator of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
As global warming becomes increasingly severe, it is urgent that we enhance the heat tolerance of crops. We previously reported that Arabidopsis thaliana PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C9 (AtPLC9) promotes heat tolerance.
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The hazard quotient (HQ) simulations showed that children are a sensitive group, regarding exposure to nitrates in drinking water over a long period of time, so there is a need for further monitoring and analysis of this issue.Periprosthetic joint infections of the shoulder (PJIS) are the major cause for revision within the first two post-operative years, and are challenging both to diagnose and treat. Succe
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Chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) produced by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of chitin were used as stabilizing agent for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsification of soybean oil (SO), acrylated soybean oil (ASO), and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). The emulsion stability, droplet size, and rheology of the emulsion were found to be significantly affected by the oil chemical structure. Strong interaction between ChNCs and the oil droplet
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001), although plantar flexion ROM did not change significantly between PRE and POST (PRE 40.0° [6.1°], POST 41.1° [4.9°]). There was no significant difference in muscle hardness and fascicle length between PRE and POST in any of the angles. CONCLUSIONS Dorsiflexion ROM increased significantly by the FR intervention in the present study; however, muscle hardness and fascicle length did not change. FR m
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Mucor circinelloides WJ11 is a high-lipid producing strain and an excellent producer of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) which is crucial for human health. We have previously identified genes that encode for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex in M. circinelloides which is an important regulator for lipid accumulation. Comparative transcriptional analysis between the high and low lipid-producing strains of M. circine
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A liquid marble (LM) is a droplet coated with microparticles that isolate the liquid interior from its surroundings, making it perfectly non-wetting. This attractive feature allows the LM to perform useful tasks such as coalescence, targeted delivery, and controlled release. The non-wetting characteristic also allows the LM to float on a carrier liquid. The growing number of applications in digital microfluidics requires further insig
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Moreover, human genes encoded circular RNAs, such as has_circ-0018289, have shown to sponge specific miRNAs and to concur to the deregulation of target genes. Viral encoded circE7 has also demonstrated to overexpress E7 oncoprotein thus contributing to cell transformation. In this review, we summarize current literature on the complex interplay between miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs and their role in cervical neopla
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05) in placebo group and decrease (p less then 0.05) in isoflavone group. No difference was found for total antioxidant capacity or total protein. The combination of isoflavone supplementation and exercise training can promote an antioxidant effect through reduction of lipid peroxidation and concentrations of salivary nitrite. Copyright © 2020 JCBN.This study was conducted to evaluate the regulation mechanism of influen
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Droughts have increased in frequency, duration, and severity across most of the tropics but their effect on forest communities remain not fully understood. Here we assessed the effects of a severe El Niño-induced drought event on dominant and low abundance understory plant species and the consequent impacts on ecosystem functions in the South American Atlantic Forest. We established 20 permanent plots with contrasting vegeta
SkytteMcDaniel2456
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Elderly patients had greater improvement in EQ-5D index score and EQ-VAS score than younger patients. There was no significant difference in improvement between the sexes. The mean improvement in EQ-5D index score was 0.40 for male patients and 0.41 for female patients. CONCLUSIONS Electroconvulsive therapy had a considerable effect on health-related quality of life in patients with depression of both sexes and all
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We identified expression of M1 associated costimulatory molecules, a multitude of diverse chemokines, canonical M2 associated molecules, as well as factors involved in the Complement system and checkpoint receptors. Our data are in agreement with other published literature investigating TAMs in various non-ccRCC TMEs, and support the growing literature concerning expression of Complement factors and checkpoint receptors on T
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The most mentioned subdimensions of professionalism were
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First-year medical students with different motivations to study medicine also have different understan
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The average follow-up was 2 ± 0.8 years. The first consecutive 21 patients were treated with VLNT followed by SL. The next 16 patients underwent combined VLNT and LVA, followed by SL. A mean of 2.4 LVAs were performed. A significant difference in the postoperative circumference measurements was found overall (p < .05) 52.6 ± 18.9 above the knee, 42.9 ± 25 below the knee, 36.2 ± 37 at fo
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This article has been withdrawn please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http//www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error.The role of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is well known for regulating plant
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Citicoline represents a dietary source of choline, an essential nutrient, and precursor of cell membrane components, highly required during development and post-injury recovery.
We previously showed that perinatal asphyxia (PA) induces hippocampal neuroinflammation and injury that are subject to epigenetic change by maternal diet. The present study investigates maternal citico
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Bacterial resistance has become a serious threat to human health. In particular, the gradual development of resistance to polymyxins, the last line of defense for human infections, is a major issue. Secreted proteins contribute to the interactions between bacteria and the environment. In this study, we compared the secretomes of polymyxin B-sensitive and -resistant Escherichia coli strains by data-independent
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