Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
218,187 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Objective Data on preoperative distress and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) is lacking for patients with newly diagnosed renal tumors. This study aims to compare HRQoL within this group with the general population and to study the relationship between distress, HRQoL, personality, coping, and patient/tumor-related factors.Materials and methods Between January 2011 and June 2014, 153 patients (100 males/53 fe
BehrensMcCormick6972
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JohansenLamb9442
NEO2734
Currently, forensic research is multidisciplinary with new methods and parameters useful to define the cause and time of death as well as survival/agony times. The identification of biochemical markers able to estimate agonal period has been studied by many forensic researchers. It is known that the estimation of agonal time in different types of death is not always easy, hence our interest in literature’s data. The studies
CaldwellPatrick7293
Apamin chemical structure
COVID-19 virus has been spreading worldwide for more than a year. At present, the situation of the new crown pneumonia epidemic remains full of tension and uncertainty. It is of concern is that the worst outbreak in the world is in the United States. The total number of confirmed new cases of COVID-19 and the total number of new deaths in the United States have entered their second and third cyclical peaks s
EricksonRouse2853
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The common O-Ag conformations across serotypes identified in this work support the assumption that a quadrivalent vaccine containing serotypes 2a and 3a could provide coverage against S. flexneri serotype 3b and serogroup 5.Accumulation of amyloid fibrils in organisms accompanies many diseases. Natural extracts offer an alternative strategy to control the process with potentially fewer side effects. In this study, the inhi
BucknerKenney1658
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TIGIT expression on natural killer (NK) cells is associated with dysfunction during chronic HIV infection, but the phenotype and biological functions of these cells in the context of acute HIV-1 infection remain poorly understood. Here, 19 acutely infected HIV-1 patients traced at first, third and twelfth month, and age-matched patients with chronic HIV-1 infection were enrolled to investigate the phenotype and functions o
HellerDouglas3937
PI4KIIIbetaIN10
Glycogen storage diseases are rare. Increased glycogen in the liver results in increased attenuation.
Investigate the association and function of a noncoding region associated with liver attenuation but not histologic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Genetics of Obesity-associated Liver Disease Consortium.
McQueenWheeler1318
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This work indicates that GNPs effectively could decrease the lethal dose of CDDP to 87%. Hence, GNPs modified by Lys, could be a good nano-carrier for chemotherapeutic drugs.Objectives Diagnostic pathways are limited. A validated instrument that can triage patients when they are suspected of mild dementia (MD) is necessary to optimise referrals. Method The MoCA is validated for identifying M
WoodsStafford2628
Phenazine methosulfate
In Tunisia, we observed that rotavirus P[8]-3 and P[4] in young children with gastroenteritis associate with the secretor histo-blood-group phenotype. Inversely, the emerging P[8]-4, representing 10% of cases, was exclusively found among nonsecretor patients. Unlike VP8* from P[8]-3 and P[4] strains, the P[8]-4 VP8* protein attached to glycans from saliva samples regardless of the donors Secret
PalmWooten7291
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non-communicable diseases among adolescents in rural coastal Kenya. This suggests the urgent need for targeted multi-component health behavior interventions that simultaneously address all aspects of adolescent health and well-being, including the mental health needs of adolescents.
There is clustering of health risk behaviors that underlies communicable and non-communicable diseases among adolesce
StraussPihl8317
OSI-906 in vitro
, Navicula spp., and Synedra spp.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound quantifies the total synovial inflammatory burden in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but is time consuming when scanning numerous joints. This study evaluated a novel patient-centered method for constructing a longitudinal ultrasound score in RA patients.
Fifty-four RA patients starting intravenous toc
WilkinsonMathiesen1444
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ChristieKromann4035
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In addition, eugenol improved the expression and even redistribution of ZO-1 and tended to increase TEER value and maintained the barrier integrity. In conclusion, a low dose of eugenol attenuated inflammatory responses and enhanced selectively permeable barrier function during LPS-induced inflammation in the IPEC-J2 cell line.
Compressive optic neuropathy is the most c
PedersenRefsgaard2889
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may facilitate ICD-implantation risk stratification.
Remote monitoring (RM) is increasingly employed for all types of cardiac implantable devices (CIED). However, there are only limited data on the acceptance of RM by the elderly. The aim of our study was to ascertain how octogenarians assess RM technologies compared to younger, presumably technically more literate patients, and what con
AnthonyAndersson1119
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We also analyze the efficiency of trace sampling in some detail, highlighting the particular advantages of sampling with SU(N) coherent states.Accurately simulating the linear and nonlinear electronic spectra of condensed phase systems and accounting for all physical phenomena contributing to spectral line shapes presents a significant challenge. Vibronic transitions can be captured through a harmonic model generated f
MichelsenBynum7962
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In some studies, clinician-investigators were specifically barred from obtaining consent, while in other studies clinician-investigators were specifically required to obtain consent; regulatory guidance was inconsistent. Respondents also described various models for subject selection, the timing of consent, and continuing consent for temporally extended studies. Respondents expressed ethical concern
AlstrupBusch4796
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Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a systemic disorder associated with dismal short-term prognosis. Given its time-dependent nature, mechanical circulatory support may improve survival. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) had gained widespread use because of the easiness to implant and the low rate of complications; however, a randomized trial failed to demonstrate benefit on mortality in the setting of acute myocardi
ValdezAbildtrup9317
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Brillouin-Raman microspectroscopy is presented as an innovative label-free all-optical investigation approachable to characterize the chemical composition and the mechanical properties of human tissues at micrometric resolution. Brillouin maps unveil mechanical heterogeneities in a human femoral diaphysis, showing a ubiquitous co-existence of hard and soft components, even in the most compact sections. The novel correlative ana
HaveGuzman9096
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The extracellular Contractile Injection System (eCIS) is a toxin-delivery particle that evolved from a bacteriophage tail. Four eCISs have previously been shown to mediate interactions between bacteria and their invertebrate hosts. Here, we identify eCIS loci in 1,249 bacterial and archaeal genomes and reveal an enrichment of these loci in environmental microbes and their apparent absence from mammalian pathogens.
WattsMorris0207
RMC-9805
Cumulative sum (CUSUM) and change-point analysis (CPA) are two well-established statistical process control methods to detect changes in a sequence. Both have been used in psychometric research to detect aberrant responses in a response sequence, e.g., test speededness, inattentiveness, or cheating. However, the pros and cons of CUSUM and CPA in different testing settings still remain unclear. In this paper, we conduct a
WrenConnolly0082
Proteasome inhibitor drugs
Monitoring these patients with AS-OCT is recommended.
Cancer cachexia is a syndrome of loss of weight and muscle mass that leads to reduced strength, poor physical performance and functional impairment. Muscular fatigue is a distressing syndrome that patients with cachexia suffer from and can impair quality of life. Here, we review recent updates in muscular fatigue in cancer cachexia resear
HorneIsaksen4558
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or French patient cohorts, we observed a good correlation of POSPOM with in-hospital mortality. Therefore, further adjustments of POSPOM considering also multicentre and transnational validation should be pursued based on this proof of concept.
Very old patients (≥ 80 years-old, VOP) are increasingly admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Community-acquired pneumonia (C
WebsterDreier1569
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14, 95% 1.18-15.38]. Reported ORs ranged from 2.8 to 22.4. The overall MTR was 26.8%, with the high-risk and low-risk lesions having MTRs of 57.9% (95% CI 0.386-0.723) and 12.7% (95% CI – 0.210 to 0.438), respectively. Pooled unweighted interobserver kappa values for the binary grading system and three-tiered system were 0.693 (95% CI 0.640-0.740) and 0.388 (95% CI 0.195-0.552), respectively. Conclusion Binary
FanningMohammad1835
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The objective is to examine the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training and music therapy applied to chronic psychiatric patients attending the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) on their anger level and sleep quality.
The sample of the study consisted of 66 chronic psychiatric patients (n=32 in the control group; n=34 in the intervention group). Progressive muscle r
MarshallGallagher0963
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To investigate the correlation between postoperative metamorphopsia and macular deformation after macular hole (MH) surgery.
This study included 28 eyes of 28 patients who underwent vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal for idiopathic MH. The retinal vasculatures were compared between preoperative and postoperative photographs, and postoperative deformation
KempEmborg9645
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Plasma phytanic acid was affected by the gut microbiota through the conversion from phytol by yeast in the intestinal tract. We compared the gut microbiota profile in three strains of 5-week-old rats by the terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The gut microbiota profile and ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides differed between SHRs and WKY rats. These findings suggest that the increased expression of ACO
LassiterRisager2446
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The entire globe is undergoing an unprecedented challenge of COVID-19 which has affected the lifestyle behaviour of individuals. The present review is an attempt to summarize the effect of pandemic COVID-19 on lifestyle behaviour among the Indian population.
A review was carried out to summarize the effect of pandemic COVID-19 on lifestyle behaviour focusing on
DalyHan8639
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And accordingly, the frequencies of regulatory CD8+ CD25+ T cells were also found significantly increased in these patients. Collectively, the results suggest that regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Moreover, the data indicate that NK cells might contribute to the COVID-19 associated lymphopenia.
This paper describes the development and summ
MartinGertsen8745
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Whereas the increase in pearl millet incorporation marginally increased textural properties such as hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. The IVPD of the selected variant is 75.65 ± 0.02% and IVSD revealed 252.00 ± 10.00 mg of maltose is released per 100 g of the sample. The protein bars are nutritionally beneficial and appealing. This study gives sc
WeberSvendsen6508
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Overall, 86.4% (95% CI 84.1-88.4) of vaccinated participants seroresponded at 28 days post-vaccination (ELISA- GP) with 65% of these seroresponding at 14 days post-vaccination. Among those who seroresponded at 28 days, 90.7% (95% CI 82.0-95.4) were still seropositive at 180 days. The proportion of seropositivity in the unvaccinated group was 0.0% (95% CI 0.0-3.8) at 28 days and 5.4% (95% CI 2.1-13.1) at 180 days post-v
MorrowBroberg9006
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There were 17 of 42 serious adverse events (40.5%) of ILD; for all ILD events (serious and nonserious), 35 of 42 events (83.3%) were mild to moderate in severity. A multivariable Cox regression analysis identified age 65 years or older (hazard ratio 2.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.13-5.21]), current smokers (2.89 [1.33-6.26]), and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate score (1.30 [1.04-1.61])
ConnellEgelund0679
Bobcat339 clinical trial
The results showed that wheelchair users intended to go on vacation but were less motivated to participate due to the lack of travel conditions. Wheelchair travelers argued that a companion was required for an enjoyable holiday that could meet their needs. In addition, the results revealed that the types of wheelchairs used by disabled passengers differ. The disabled stated that the wheelchairs they use i
BradyJuarez4264
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CDK4 was identified as a potential target for miR-486-5p. LncRNA LINC01194 was able to inhibit miR-486-5p expression and upregulate the expression level of CDK4. Finally, the results of in vivo animal models confirmed that lncRNA LINC01194 promoted NSCLC progression by modulating the miR-486-5p/CDK4 axis. Conclusion LncRNA LINC01194 promoted the progression of NSCLC by modulating the miR-486-5p/CDK4 axis. © 2020 Xing e
GlassVistisen0031
AZD0095
The neuroimaging of nonhuman primates (NHPs) realised with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in understanding brain structures and functions, as well as neurodegenerative diseases and pathological disorders. Theoretically, an ultrahigh field MRI (≥7 T) is capable of providing a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for better resolution; however, the lack of appropriate radiofrequency (RF) coils for 9.4
StormLentz3803
2MeOE2
INTRODUCTION Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor is overexpressed in many human tumors. Previously we developed a 18F-labelled GnRH peptide. Although the GnRH-targeted PET probe can be clearly visualized by microPET imaging in a PC-3 xenograft model, clinical applications of the probe have been limited by complex labeling procedures, poor radiochemical yield, and unwanted accumulation in GnRH rece
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To explore the effect of mild hypothermia on nerve injury by establishing a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and to clarify the specific molecular mechanism of mild hypothermia in improving brain injury in ICH rats.
The rat model of ICH was established by collagenase injection. The neurological deficit score (NDS), brain tissue water detection, and Nissl staini
HamannSloan2608
SKL2001
ral China. The potential benefits of reducing indoor solid fuel use in groups at high risk for arthritis merit further exploration.
Long-term solid fuel use for indoor cooking and heating is associated with an increased risk of arthritis events among adults aged 45 years and older in rural China. The potential benefits of reducing indoor solid fuel use in groups at high risk for arthritis merit further ex
DrejerBlanton0792
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003], and more patients with low handgrip strength [<26 kg (men) and <18 (women); 67.8% vs. 55.5%, P < 0.001], and slow gait speed [<0.8 m/s (both sexes); 54.5% vs. 41.1%, P < 0.001] than the HFrEF group, resulting in a similar sarcopenia prevalence in the two groups (18.1% vs. 21.6%, P = 0.191). Sarcopenia was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality in both HFpEF and HFrEF [hazard ratio
RoedHendrix9662
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This study aims at determining the thickness of the tear lipid layer (LL) observed from a placido-disc-based tear film analyzer. We prospectively collected reflections of placido-disk LL images using a tear film analyzer (Keratograph® 5M, Oculus) from subjects with dry eye symptoms. The LL thickness (LLT) over the inferior half of the cornea was estimated with the use of interference color a
RileyPihl7472
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65 lambs born per ewe), LSRAB (0.80), body weight (88.8 ± 10.8 kg), and body condition score (2.8 ± 0.6) of ewes, or birth weight and crown-rump length of lambs. The GI (BW/CRL1.5) was affected by sex of lamb (P = 0.008), parity of ewe (P = 0.002), litter size (P = 0.0001), and lamb status (P = 0.003). Of 229 lambs born, 32 were dead and 16 died before 5 mo of age, leaving 181 lambs with records on weights at birth and 5
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and motility by modulating the EMT relative proteins.
TMEM92 had an independent prognostic value for BC patients, and might act as an oncogene to facilitate tumor cells growth, invasiveness and motility by modulating the EMT relative proteins.
We investigated uterine histopathological and ultrastructural changes in female dogs with pyometra induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli)
WilcoxAcevedo5732
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Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a type of bariatric technique that has comparable outcomes to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, the current gold standard. However, it can be associated with nutritional deficiencies postoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate micronutrient status post LSG.
This is a retrospective study of 565 patients who underwent an LSG from J
HolmgaardCastaneda3836
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The optimal binwidth was minimized at the optimal voltage threshold, particularly for acoustic stimuli dominated by temporally dynamic features, indicating that permissive thresholding permits readout of cortical responses with temporal precision on the order of a few milliseconds. SIGNIFICANCE The improvements in decoding accuracy we observed for optimal readout parameters suggest that standard thresholding methods substantial
BlakeLemming8343
NX-2127
This paper introduces these recent developments in CAD/CAM of RPD.Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a digital virtual simulation training system applied in the preclinical teaching of access and coronal cavity preparation. Methods Twenty dental undergraduate students from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were recruited and divided randomly and equally into two groups according to the random n
BorregaardHolman6876
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The specific energy per unit of mass of ampicillin, diclofenac, salicylic acid, sulfamethazine, and tetracycline was obtained at 11.73, 19.56, 35.2, 11.73, and 39.32 kW h (kgPD)-1 for ampicillin, diclofenac, salicylic acid, sulfamethazine, and tetracycline, respectively. With our results, we demonstrated that SPEF is an emerging technology for the treatment of this type of pollutants in short time.Coastal ecosystem is vulnerable to
SuttonVelasquez3913
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Differential gene expression data suggest that a synchronization of cell division activity seems to be evoked in the binary temperature regime. Overall, the results show that the coordination of a wide range of metabolic processes is markedly affected by the diel variation of temperature, which emphasizes the importance of realistic environmental settings in controlled condition experiments.
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