Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
222,748 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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There is increasing evidence demonstrating that adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are a cell of origin of glioblastoma. Here we analyzed the interaction between transformed and wild-type NSCs isolated from the adult mouse subventricular zone niche. We found that transformed NSCs are refractory to quiescence-inducing signals. Unexpectedly, we also demonstrated that these cells induce quiescence in surrounding wild-type NSCs in a ce
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Low back pain (LBP) can lead to motor control disturbance which can be one of the causes of reoccurrence of the complaint. It is important to improve our knowledge of movement related disturbances during assessment in LBP and to classify patients according to the severity. The aim of this study is to present differences in kinematic variables using a RGB-D camera in order to classify LBP patients with differe
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has poor outcomes following surgery and radiation. Adjuvant temozolamide along with radiation therapy has been shown to improve survival. In this paper, we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of concomitant temozolamide with radiation and maintenance temozolamide for 6 months of treatment for GBM in India.
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SUMMARY Bulk RNA sequencing studies have demonstrated that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes may be expressed in a cell type-specific and allele-specific fashion. Single-cell gene expression assays have the potential to further resolve these expression patterns, but currently available methods do not perform allele-specific quantification at the molecule level. Here we present scHLAcount, a postprocessing workflow for single-c
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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare disorder with multiple causes but potentially caused by chemotherapy. We present 3 cases of PRES of whom 2 are presumably caused by oxaliplatin and one by regorafenib. We discuss in this article the 3 cases individually and we summarize in the discussion the proposed theories in the literature of possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Our main goal of this
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Bulk FeSe superconductors of the iron-based (IBS) “11” family containing various additions of silver were thoroughly investigated concerning the microstructure using optical microscopy and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). The measurements of electrical resistivity were performed through the four-point technique in the temperature interval T= 2-150 K. The Aslamazov-Larkin model was employed to analyze the f
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ISRCTN13587999 Date of registration 29 September 2016.
ISRCTN13587999 Date of registration 29 September 2016.The disease (COVID-19) novel coronavirus pandemic has so far infected millions resulting in the
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The parent version of the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ-P) is a brief 13-item tool for the screening of depression in children from the age of 6 years. Despite the wide use of the SMFQ-P, its psychometric properties and factor structure remain understudied, with few data available for young school-aged children. The objective of this study was to examine for the first time the facto
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The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyse surgical outcomes of patients undergoing secondary cardiac surgery after initial transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
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PIW mainly consists of tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol, and triacontanol; it could decrease the Aβ-induced paralysis rate from 86.87 to 66.97% (P < 0.01) and extend the life-span from 6.2 d to 7.8 d (P < 0.001) in CL4176 worms. Furthermore, PIW downregulated apl-1, a gene known to be associated with the levels of Aβ deposits in C. elegans. Additionally, our results showed that PIW modulated the expression of genes associated wit
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RESULT The changes of α were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) in LS and LKS groups but d (P 0.05) in the abdominal aorta but longer d (P less then 0.05) than the normal group. There was longer d in the RKS group compared with the RS group (P less then 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between d and TLK (r = 0.439, P less then 0.05). CONCLUS
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Conclusion A 475 mL test sample was used to examine the robustness of the RCP technique. The sample was 25% fat and had a fat mass of ( 116.67 ± 0.96 ) g. The measured fat mass from the RCP technique was 114.30 ± 0.98 g, or a 2% difference. The resonant cavity perturbation technique provides an accurate and repeatable measurement of fat mass in spherical phantoms and suggests the technology might be an effective
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Bronchial asthma (BA) is a complex of heterogeneous disease with a number of molecular immunopathological mechanisms underlying airway inflammation, hyperreactivity, and bronchial remodeling. MicroRNAs are important regulators in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic respiratory diseases, including BA.
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A common way to handle quality problems and increasing costs of modern health care systems is more transparency through public reporting. Thereby, patient satisfaction is seen as one main reported outcome. Previous studies proposed several associated factors. Only a few of them included organizational determinants with potential to inform the health care provider’s management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to inve
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Dry mouth sensation cannot be improved completely even though parotids are spared correctly. Our purpose is to develop a nomogram to predict the moderate-to-severe late radiation xerostomia for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) / volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) era.
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Elevated NLR is associated with depression at 3 months after ICH, suggesting that NLR may be a significant biomarker to predict depression after ICH.Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance (MR) molecular imaging is a promising noninvasive and quantitative molecular imaging approach with intensive research due to the high sensitivity and low endogenous background signal of the 19F atom in vivo. Perfluorocarb
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During recent decades, researchers all around the world have focused on the characteristic pros and cons of the different drug delivery systems for cornea tissue change for sense organs. The delivery of various drugs for cornea tissue is one of the most attractive and challenging activities for researchers in biomaterials, pharmacology, and ophthalmology. This method is so important for cornea wound healing because of t
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Moreover, the impact of milk quality and formula feeding in infants’ gut microbiota, immune system maturation and in the nutrient-sensing mechanisms, namely those related to gut hormones and leptin, are also discussed under the current knowledge.This study examined how intergroup processes and social-cognitive factors shape bystander responses to bias-based and general bullying. Participants included sixth and ninth grade
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In the nasopharynx, AD1-PNS, AD2-PNS, PNS-Ba and PNS-Ho measurements revealed a significant increase in the SA group compared to the other groups (P<.05). In the oropharynx, PNS-Ep measurement increased significantly in the RME group (P<.05). In the total pharyngeal airway area, an increase was detected in the SA, Alt-RAMEC, and RME groups.
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The alternative pathway (AP) of the complement system is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of several human diseases including age-related macular degeneration, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and various glomerular diseases. The serine protease factor B (FB) is a key node in the AP and is integral to the formation of C3 and C5 convertase. Despite the prom
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Results Immune profiling revealed that HT40 upregulated a variety of inflammatory markers in the tumors. Immunologically, HT40 treated tumors showed an increased population of granzyme B+ expressing functional CD8+ T cells (~4-fold) as well as an increased M1 to M2 macrophage ratio (~2-3-fold) and CD8+ T regulatory T cell ratio (~5-fold) compared to the untreated control. Systemically, the proliferation rates of t
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Repairing bone defects remains challenging in orthopedics. Here, strontium (Sr) alginate hydrogels containing chondroitin sulfate (CS) were fabricated for enhancing bone defects repair. The effects of CS incorporation ratio on the morphology, structure, thermal stability, water uptake and mechanical performance of Sr-CS/alginate hydrogels were also evaluated. Increasing CS incorporation ratio, Sr-CS/alginate
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