Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
280,619 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy with a wide spectrum of symptoms due to primary cilia dysfunction, including genitourinary developmental anomalies as well as impaired reproduction, particularly in males. Primary cilia are known to be required at the following steps of reproduction function (i) genitourinary organogenesis, (ii) in fetal firing of hypothalamo-pituitary axe, (iii) sperm flagellum structure, a
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, with a highly variable prevalence worldwide. Recent evidence, however, has shown an increase in prevalence in the Asia Pacific region. Nevertheless, most of the published literature has focused mainly on Western populations, and only few clinical trials have included subgroups of other ethnic populations. Reasons for the observed ethnic and geographical differenc
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For the tumor located in each lobe, specific nodal drainage stations were identified 2R/4R for right upper lobe; 2R/4R and subcarinal node (#7) for right middle lobe and right lower lobe; 4L and subaortic node (#5) for left upper lobe; #7 for left lower lobe. However, there were still a few patients (10.9%, 5/46) had the involvement of lower zone for tumors of upper lobe and the involvement of upper zone for
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons and leads to death a few years after symptom onset. Despite its high morbidity and mortality, its underlying pathogenic mechanisms still remain poorly understood. Although there is increasing evidence for significant changes in the structure and function of synapses on motor neurons, there is a need for a
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讓我們從個人自願安排（IVA）。這真的是官員合約一個付清現金你欠在更多之間的可管理方式你和你的債權人，允許。有一個IVA，你做利用破產這當然是許可生產考慮的還款計劃您的
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001), (b) total attitudes (P less then 0.001) and (c) personal assessment of knowledge in medical genetics (P less then 0.001). Moreover, positive attitudes were associated with higher levels of knowledge. In conclusion, our results emphasise the importance of needs-based education in medical genetics for medical students, which is indispensable for the increase in the level of knowledge and development of positiv
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面臨貨幣挑戰可能非常經驗這當然是令人生畏的人通常會讓人們對自己的未來感到迷失和焦慮。但，這是必不可少的記住有有效的策略想要允許您恢復控制您的財務困境。在這篇具體文章中，我們打算探索三個關鍵選擇：個人自願計劃（IVA），債務減免計劃（DRP）和破產。了解這些途徑可以授權你去做出明智的決定並鍛煉策略可能是可行的經濟復甦。
特定的自願安排（IVA）提供一種補救措施那是有組織的管理債務。iva簡直就是正式協定你去償還你的債務以某種方
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Regulation of translation during human development is poorly understood, and its dysregulation is associated with Rett syndrome (RTT). To discover shifts in mRNA ribosomal engagement (RE) during human neurodevelopment, we use parallel translating ribosome affinity purification sequencing (TRAP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on control and RTT human induced pluripotent stem cells, neural progenit
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Overall, our results provide a rationale for promoter switching during zygotic genome activation.Self-assembling peptides have shown tremendous potential in the fields of material sciences, nanoscience, and medicine. Because of the vast combinatorial space of even short peptides, identification of self-assembling sequences remains a challenge. Herein, we develop an experimental method to rapidly screen a huge
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Memantine
Moringin (rhamnobenzyl isothiocyanate) is a major bioactive compound in moringa seeds, which have been used as a healthy food. However, its bioactivity mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated moringin and its structurally similar analogues, including benzyl isothiocyanate and 4-hydroxylbenzyl isothiocyanate, for their hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing activity triggered by cysteine. Thes
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This bibliographic review presents and discusses the nutritional strategies able to increase the concentration of beneficial fatty acids (FA) in sheep and goat milk, and dairy products, with a particular focus on the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), and highlights differences between the two species. In fact, by adopting appropriate feeding strategies, it is possible to markedly vary the concentration of fat in milk and imp
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We selected final 15 studies which met every selection criteria in the 346,393 collected studies. Cannabis was prescribed in Meiji era of Japan to alleviate pain and cure the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and nervous system diseases such as indigestion, asthma, tuberculosis, gonorrhea and its complications, insomnia, and nervous prostration. Cannabis was medically used in Meiji era of Ja
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ID-19 ARDS patients had vitamin D deficiency. 25-hydroxyvitamin D status was not related to changes in clinical course, whereas low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and a worse APACHE II score.The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.104892. T
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Additionally, soft tissue and overall contrast were evaluated on the same scale. RESULTS Overall image quality (expressed by mean sum score out of 40) of the 50% low-dose images was 31.52 (SD 1.94) vs. 31.66 (SD 1.82) for standard images (p = 0.068). Bony contours as well as trabeculae were equally well visualized in both image sets. Median scores for soft tissue visualization was slightly l
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The implemented strategies were effective in achieving higher flu vaccination coverage among HCWs in our hospital and therefore can be considered valuable examples of good prevention practices in hospital settings.Peumus boldus Mol., is a Chilean medicinal tree used for gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Such medicinal properties are associated with the presence of bioactive flavonoids and aporphine alkaloids. In t
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CONCLUSIONS We proved that increased iron overload primarily increased oxidative stress and further suppressed mitophagy via PTEN-induced putative kinase 1/Parkin pathway, resulting in cytotoxicity in INS-1 cells. Addiction is a pressing social problem worldwide and opioid dependence can be considered the strongest and most difficult addiction to treat. Mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways play an importan
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PET/CT has become a preferred imaging modality over PET-only scanners in clinical practice. However, along with the significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy and patient throughput, pitfalls on PET/CT are reported as well. This review provides a general overview on the potential influence of the limitations with respect to PET/CT instrumentation and artifacts associated with the modality integration on the image
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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease for dairy productivity, as well as having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Previous prevalence studies of bTB in the dairy sector in central Ethiopia have suggested high prevalence, however, they have been limited to relatively small scale surveys, raising concerns about their representativeness. Here we carried out a cross sectional one-stage clust
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The results showed that BZYQ could attenuate DAI, CMDI, and histological inflammation. TJ proteins expression was decreased in UC rats, but treatment with BZYQ restored the expression of occludin and claudin-1. In addition, BZYQ administration ameliorated UC-associated increase in the production of TNF-
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amination and assessment, which highlights the usefulness of this course early in the medical education. All students learned from the exchange with interprofessional group members as well as the instructors.Stroke is a major public health problem and ranks third most common cause of death in adults worldwide. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and endovascular thrombectomy are
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This study aims to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with cardiometabolic risks and lung function impairment among middle-aged women.
A nurse-led community health development and cross-sectional study design was applied in Yunlin County, Taiwan. Lung function test was performed by a certified technician using a valid spirometer, during annual co
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Swelling behavior and release features were also studied at different pH values. The swelling of the beads and their SR-oil release were negligible for the first 2 h in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), and appreciable in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). The release data were fitted by various equations to define the release kinetic mechanism. In addition, the selected formulation (F16) was stable to the oxidation not o
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Unbiased single cell mapping revealed two high IL-21-producing peripheral T cell populations; TIGIT+ Tfh and TIGIT-T helper cells. OX40 signal was associated with high IL-21 production in TIGIT+ Tfh and TIGIT-T helper cells. IL-21 production in Tfh cells correlated with the proportion of TIGIT+ cells in Tfh cells, serum IgG4 level, and scores of disease activity. Furthermore, the skewing toward peripheral TIGIT+ Tf
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A 76-year-old woman from a tuberculosis (TB) endemic region with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) on Azacitidine presented with a non-productive cough. A CT scan of the chest revealed a lobulated opacity in the right upper lobe and antibiotic therapy was initiated for a potential bacterial pneumonia. However, a high suspicion for pulmonary TB remained given her nation of origin, immunosuppression, and ima
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PREMISE Flowering time may influence pollination success and seed set through a variety of mechanisms, including seasonal changes in total pollinator visitation or the composition and effectiveness of pollinator visitors. METHODS We investigated mechanisms by which changes in flowering phenology influence pollination and reproductive success of Mertensia ciliata (Boraginaceae). We manipulated flowering onset o
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Adults higher on sense of purpose reported greater importance of getting the vaccine for personal health, the health of others, and to return to regular activities. Exploratory analyses also suggest that purpose may provide a stronger impetus to vaccinate among those in age groups associated with lower risk for severe COVID-19 complications.
Although cross-sectional in n
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The aim of this paper is to review the main STs in order to increase awareness among dermatology specialists. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS Although lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may occur at different periods during the life course of women, a little research on LUTS has adopted a life course perspective. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to demonstrate how
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Although it is understood that episodic memories of everyday events involve encoding a wide array of perceptual and non-perceptual information, it is unclear how these distinct types of information are recalled. To address this knowledge gap, we examine how perceptual (visual versus auditory) and non-perceptual details described within a narrative, a proxy for everyday event memories
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In this work, a regression method is implemented on a low-cost digital temperature sensor to improve the sensor’s accuracy; thus, following the EN12830 European standard. This standard defines that the maximum acceptable error regarding temperature monitoring devices should not exceed 1 °C for the refrigeration and freezer areas. The purpose of the proposed method is to improve the accuracy of a low-
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Our results highlight the singularities of desert truffles with respect to other mycorrhizal fungi while providing a first glimpse on plant and fungal determinants involved in ecto to endo symbiotic switch that occurs in desert truffle under dry conditions.Pediatric patients with complete congenital atrio-ventricular (AV) block are generally exposed to life-long dyssynchronous right ventricular (RV) pacing. His b
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The eddy covariance (EC) technique is used to measure the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 between ecosystems and the atmosphere, offering a unique opportunity to study ecosystem responses to climate change. NEE is the difference between the total CO2 release due to all respiration processes (RECO), and the gross carbon uptake by photosynthesis (GPP). These two gross CO2 fluxes are derived from EC measure
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