Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
508,466 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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in English, Spanish ANTECEDENTES El beneficio y los daños potenciales de la linfadenectomía en tres campos (three-field, 3-FLD) en el cáncer de esófago aún se desconoce. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la supervivencia global y la morbilidad y mortalidad entre la linfadenectomía en tres campos (3-FLD) y la linfadenectomía en dos campos (two-field lymphadenectomy, 2-FLD) en pacientes con carcinoma escamoso
HustedKerr9284
TH-257 inhibitor
Cigarette smoking is known to be a significant risk factor associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to examine the association between smoking status and the severity of fatty liver with regard to sex and smoking cessation.
In total, 13,466 subjects (6,642 males and 6,824 females) who had undergone abdominal ultrasonography for health check-up, multi
HartleyGundersen6733
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in high-income countries. The majority of cases of AMD are of the non-exudative type. Experts have proposed photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy as a non-invasive procedure to restore mitochondrial function, upregulate cytoprotective factors and prevent apoptotic cell death in retinal tissue affected by AMD.
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IveyLang1662
Decursin
114). Similarly, the relative frequency distributions for immediate and 1-week post-procedure pain did not differ between the bupivacaine patients and the non-bupivacaine patients (p = 0.293 at immediate time point and p = 0.306 at 1-week time point). Odds ratios comparing pain severity change between the bupivacaine and non-bupivacaine patients also were not significantly different at either the immediate post-procedure
WangSalomonsen3089
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The effects of (+)8-OH-DPAT (16 μg) and of both active doses of NLX-101 (0.25 and 16 μg) were prevented by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100,635 (0.63 mg/kg s.c.). In conclusion, activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the PFC by NLX-101 produces robust antidepressant-like effects in the rat FST, with a distinctive bimodal dose-response pattern. These data suggest that NLX-101 may target specific 5-HT1A receptor subpopulations in PFC,
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MontoyaCarroll4785
PI3K inhibitor
Chemical liver injury is one of the main causes of acute liver failure and death. To date, however, treatment strategies for acute liver injury have been limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic targets and effective drugs. NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a complex of multiple proteins that has been shown to induce cell death under inflammatory and stress pathologic
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In a Mental Imagery Brain-Computer Interface the user has to perform a specific mental task that generates electroencephalography (EEG) components, which can be translated in commands to control a BCI system. The development of a high-performance MI-BCI requires a long training, lasting several weeks or months, in order to improve the ability of the user to manage his/her mental tasks. This works aims to present th
MahmoodHays1544
AUZ454
This article presents test results of aggressive environment impact, i.e., seawater, acid solutions and carbonation, on the durability of cement-ash mortars. Tests were conducted on CEM I 42.5R-based mortars containing 35 to 70% by mass of FBC fly ash from brown and black coal combustion in a homogeneous form and mixtures of 35% by mass of siliceous fly ashes (CFA) and 35% by mass of FBC fly ash. It was demonstrated that in n
HolmeMcNally0574
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Hence, the special properties of graphene combined with the quantum feathers of the perforation makes it suitable for optical devices.We propose the use of gold nanoparticles grown on the surface of nanoporous TiO2 films as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors for the detection of 17β-estradiol. Gold deposition on top of a TiO2 surface leads to the formation of nanoparticles the p
EllisonTrevino4582
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Pembrolizumab was ceased, and a repeat FDG PET/CT scan showed regression of uptake in the thyroid gland and colon, in keeping with resolution of inflammatory change. Immune-related adverse events induced by Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, should be recognized-cessation of treatment often leads to resolution.We report the case of a 57-year-old man who presented with a 6-year h
NoerBenson1618
Novobiocin
Interestingly, a coupling of the active mGTPase to the GEF of the tGTPase was sufficient to provide two locally stable states one where both active/inactive forms of the mGTPase can be interpreted as having low concentrations and the other where both m- and tGTPase have high concentrations. Moreover, when a feedback loop from the GEF of the tGTPase to the GAP of the mGTPase was added to the coupled s
BirdSwanson2337
PF-00835231 mw
Abdominal pain is a common and functionally limiting complaint within the healthcare system linked to impaired quality of life and increased health care utilization. This chief complaint is associated with an extensive differential diagnosis leading to high utilization of diagnostic testing, increased healthcare cost, and delayed access to care. In patients presenting with acute or chronic abdominal pain, musculo
VinterManning6477
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39 ± 0.19 vs. 0.33 ± 0.10,
= 0.055) before and after commencing NHFOV, respectively.
The use of NHFOV is feasible as a prophylactic or rescue mode of NIV following extubation and was associated with decrease in the number of apneas without significant changes in PCO
or oxygen requirements. A well-de
FalkenbergBoyd1870
BMS-1 inhibitor clinical trial
In this study, we sought to evaluate whether systemic propentofylline (PPF) has antiallodynic effects in a rat model of postoperative pain, and to assess the mechanism involved.
After plantar incision, rats were intraperitoneally injected with various doses of PPF to evaluate its antiallodynic effect. To investigate the involved mechanism, rats we
KincaidWoodard4573
Proxalutamide
E. faecalis showed highly aggregated biofilms and higher bacteria and exopolysaccharide (EPS) bio-volume in sucrose than in 0% glucose + 0% sucrose or glucose. The results indicate that the production of eDNA and EPS and expression of virulence-associated genes in E. faecalis are affected by the concentration of carbohydrates in biofilm or planktonic culture.Tamoxifen resistance is emerging as a big chall
BakHamrick4386
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Objective We explore how upper and lower body functional ability of older adults and their partners relate to affect in later life. Methods Data regarding own and partner’s upper and lower body functional abilities were reported by 1767 married/partnered persons aged 57-83. Using multilevel modeling to account for nesting within couples, we examined the impact of a respondent’s own functional abilities, thei
MattinglyDrejer4244
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The formation and consolidation of memories are complex phenomena involving synaptic plasticity, microcircuit reorganization, and the formation of multiple representations within distinct circuits. To gain insight into the structural aspects of memory consolidation, we focus on the calyx of the Drosophila mushroom body. In this essential center, essential for olfactory learning, second- and third-order neu
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on, our results indicate that treatment with KE reprogrammed the expression of genes involved in ketone body utilization and normalized myocardial ATP production following MI, consistent with provision of an auxiliary fuel. These findings provide rationale for the assessment of KEs as a treatment for patients with heart failure.
Chronic oral supplementation with KE was effective in both p
KahnMelchiorsen6712
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The overall treatment effect varies from 18.1%-20.9% in terms of reduction in the estimated extreme-serious conflicts. The treatment effect indicates a considerable improvement in pedestrian safety after the implementation of the LPI, and the consistent results demonstrate a reliable BA safety evaluation. As such, the proposed approach is recommended as a promising tool for BA safety studies, partic
VesterLara7128
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446+ 0.994x; R=0.784; p =0.002). The mean absolute difference between invitro derived MRF and invivo derived MRF from 3 CCs was 0.01 ± 4.2% on Bland-Altman analysis. Invitro MRV and invivo MRV from 3 CCs were very strongly correlated (y=0.196+ 1.255x; R=0.839; p<0.001). The mean absolute difference between invitro MRV and invivo MRV from 3 CCs was -1.4 ± 1.9ml. There were very strong correlations of inviv
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These findings can help explain why veterinarians are leaving the profession or reducing their work hours, as well as emphasize the importance of continuing education of veterinarians on self-care and coping with stress, help with resolving ethical dilemmas, and working as a team.
The results give a deeper understanding of sources of stress and the difficulties experienced in coping. These findi
BidstrupDunn0359
Selleckchem Foxy-5
Finally, we also found that Hui group might have gene exchanges with Uygur, Tibetan, and Tajik groups in different degrees and retained minor genetic imprint of European-specific lineages, therefore, hinting the existence of multi-ethnic integration events in shaping the genetic landscape of Chinese Hui group.Fibrotic disease, which is implicated in almost half of all deaths worldwide, is the result of an uncontrol
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Whether you are living in Germany in the long term or just plan on visiting, owning the German driving license is an asset. It gives you a sense of independence and opens up job opportunities.
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05). These findings indicate that combined pollution by As and MPs/NPs can affect the ecological functions of soil by altering soil protistan communities. These results will help enhance our understanding of the impact of plastic particles on soil ecosystems.The development of defective structure in MOFs can offer a novel approach to tailor the properties of MOFs-type adsorbent for better adsorption performa
ShepherdRitter6813
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Background The application of pelvic binders in the preclinical and early clinical phase is advisable to avoid or treat C-problems in unstable and potential bleeding pelvic ring fractures, even if the clinical effectivity is not completely proved. The use for pathologies in the posterior pelvic ring is still debatable. Questions/purposes We determined if there is a difference in achievable compression in the dor
CollierThorsen3766
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Using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (KCC-) and Coherence (Cohe-) regional homogeneity (ReHo) to explore the alterations of brain local functional connectivity in acute and remitting relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and its clinical relevance.18 acute RRMS, 26 remitting RRMS and 20 healthy controls received resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. After data preprocessing and ReHo (KCC
ListWise1903
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Sepsis is a common underlying disease associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We have recently determined hemostatic pathological states at diagnosis through simultaneous assessment of coagulation and fibrinolysis potentials in sepsis-associated DIC using clot-fibrinolysis waveform analysis. Here we aimed to investigate hemostatic pathological states, focusing on the balance between coagulation and f
GriffinKusk3244
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Despite the different race/ethnicity proportions in each metropolitan area and lower proportions of clustering among African Americans than other race/ethnicities, African Americans were the group most likely to have transmission partners of the same race/ethnicity. This high level of assortativity should be considered in the design of HIV intervention and prevention strategies.Acute respiratory distress syndrome
KlavsenMathiassen2413
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The hair cycle and hair follicle structure are highly affected by various hormones. Androgens-such as testosterone (T); dihydrotestosterone (DHT); and their prohormones, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androstendione (A)-are the key factors in terminal hair growth. They act on sex-specific areas of the body, converting small, straight, fair vellus hairs into larger darker terminal hairs. They bind
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ober 2020. Data analysis began in November 2020, and it is still ongoing. The authors expect to submit the first results for publication by the end of 2021. A preliminary analysis was conducted when the manuscript was submitted and was reviewed after it was accepted in February 2021.
It is possible to conduct an institutional review board-approved study using this
HastingsKern6645
Alexidine
Hearing impairment is a reported complication of sickle cell disease, yet inner ear pathology is not fully understood. The study purpose was to examine the patterns of inner ear involvement in patients with sickle cell disease by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to assess its association with auditory functions. A cross-sectional study included 22 children with sickle cell disease examined for inner
KarlssonWeeks9758
procollagencprotei signals
In cervical cancer (CC), the protected landscape is extensively linked to personal papillomavirus (HPV) status. Current insights from studies have revealed that as a result of illness with HPV, resistant cell populations such as for instance lymphocytes or monocytes change during carcinogenesis. Immune therapy, in particular checkpoint inhibitors, those conc
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ls of efficacy. • There is a wide variety in deployment strategies, pricing models, and CE marking class of AI products for radiology.
• Interest in radiomics and machine learning is steadily increasing and is reflected both in research output and number of commercially available solutions.• Currently available commercial products using machine learning are often supported by limited evidence of clinical use
SkouShannon6177
CDK inhibitor review
32 (S-enantiomer), 1.49 (racemate), and 1.27 (R-enantiomer). This may contribute to its better anticonvulsant-ED50 value. The clearance of MBPC enantiomers was more enantioselective than the brain permeability and MES-ED50 values, suggesting that their anticonvulsant activity might be due to multiple mechanisms of action.Forensic odontology is the application of dentistry within the criminal justice system. Forensic experti
TurnerDecker0307
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[This corrects the article DOI 10.17912/micropub.biology.000271.].Because of the uninterrupted spread of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectious disease (COVID-19) with substantial illness and mortality rates, there is an urgent requirement of suitable antiviral agent/therapy to control this pandemic, but not yet established. The primary cause of SARS-CoV-2 infection
DownsKamp5977
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The potential impacts of daily ambient fine particulate pollution (PM
) exposure on year of life lost (YLL) due to ischemic heart diseases (IHD) remain uncertain. We aimed to estimate the improvement in IHD-related life expectancy by attaining the daily air quality standards of ambient PM
in China.
This study was based on daily
AnthonyGade2422
TAK715
05). Group 2 was characterized by the lowest water-holding capacity in breast muscles, and in group 3, in leg muscles (P less then 0.05). In group 3, the highest fat content and the lowest water content in the breast muscles (P less then 0.05) were found. The leg muscles in groups 2 and 3 were characterized by the highest a∗, and in group 2, by b∗. The control group had the lowest protein and the highest fat content in leg m
McGregorLindgaard3928
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The BPS intervention was associated with decreases in both the CAR and cortisol responses to acute stress. Compared to controls, BPS participants showed decreased worrying and increased positive affect post-intervention; however, they did not show the expected greater increase in optimism. Within-person decreases in worrying were associated with decreased CARs, whereas both decreased worrying and increased PA were
HooperMattingly0863
Selleckchem Puromycin aminonucleoside
Since the inception of the first surgical training system by Sir William Stewart Halsted, resident surgical skill development has been promulgated in teaching hospitals. Currently, the Council on Podiatric Medical Education does not mandate the availability of a cadaver lab as a residency curriculum requirement. The purpose of the present study is to assess the structure of th
GodwinKern8394
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Background Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of serum transferrin (Tf) is still the method of choice for diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). An abnormal glycosylation is also a known phenomenon in adult liver disease patients. The aim of this study was to characterize glycosylation disturbances in pediatric patients with primary liver disease. However, there are no reports of this phenomenon in childre
PaulsenCollier7068
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This large-scale trial will estimate the effective
UlriksenFletcher9058
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Pupal wing structure is sensitive to radiation exposure. However, no significant differences were observed in the wing-to-whole body ratio of pupae between the 137CsCl-exposure and control groups. These results suggest that silkworms are insensitive to low dose-rate exposure due to chronic ingestion of high 137Cs at a high concentration.Chemical synthesis of amino acids from renewable sources is an alternative
BrixMcKenzie4477
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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential to many fundamental biological processes. However, the effect of CoQ10 on meiotic maturation of pig oocytes still remains elusive. In the present study we aimed to understand the effects of CoQ10 on porcine oocyte maturation, by supplementing different concentrations of CoQ10 (25, 50 and 100 μM) into the maturation medium. We showed that CoQ10 at 50 μM had better capa
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This must be taken into consideration during surgical planning.
The degree to which children experience unmet need for dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with pandemic-related household job or income loss are unknown.
The authors performed a cross-sectional household survey of 348 families in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from June 25 thro
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