Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
261,178 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in samples of European ancestry have identified thousands of genetic variants associated with complex traits in humans. However, it remains largely unclear whether these associations can be used in non-European populations. Here, we seek to quantify the proportion of genetic variation for a complex trait shared between continental populations. We estimated the between-population correlation of ge
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Flexible cystoscopy for ureteral stent removal after ureteroscopy is widely performed. In this scenario, the real need for antimicrobial prophylaxis is still uncertain. Aim of this study is to determine the urinary tract infections rate after 4 weeks from outpatient flexible cystoscopies for ureteral stent removal without antimicrobial prophylaxis.
A prospective observational s
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Adjusting for delay from confirmation to death, we estimated case and infection fatality ratios (CFR, IFR) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the Diamond Princess ship as 2.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89-6.7) and 1.3% (95% CI 0.38-3.6), respectively. Comparing deaths on board with expected deaths based on naive CFR estimates from China, we estimated CFR and IFR in China
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Discussion The falls in elderly are on rise and taking the shape of an epidemic. Prevention of these falls is far better than the management. Safe living environment of the elderly people helps in prevention of these falls. The management of the falls should focus on the causative factors, apart from treating the injuries caused by the falls. © Indian Orthopaedics Association 2020.Background This systematic review is an at
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04 95%CI 1.86-2.23; frailty OR 2.49 95%CI 1.99-3.13), length of stay, costs, and complications. In multivariate, prefrailty and frailty were associated with higher mortality (prefrailty aOR 2.02 95%CI 1.84-2.21; frailty aOR 2.54 95%CI 2.02-3.19).
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Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) substantially impairs quality of life. Clinical trials generally focus on polyarticular PsA, but less is known about the assessment and management of oligoarticular and moderate PsA. An online survey was conducted to determine Canadian rheumatologists’ perspectives on the definition and treatment of oligoarticular and moderate PsA.
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Videoendoscopic evaluation of swallowing (VE) involves inserting a small flexible endoscope transnasally to allow direct observation of pharyngeal and laryngeal structures and swallowing functions. In our NICU infants suspected of severe swallowing dysfunction, VE using normal saline (NS) was performed with the aim of minimizing the detrimental effect of aspiration on respiration cause
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The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 for all patients, and 0.72 for the subset with at least one hypotensive blood pressure measurement. At a model threshold with sensitivity and specificity 0.74 and 0.74, respectively, the median advance detection time was 170.5 minutes (IQR 53 – 363).Septic Shock is a critical pathological state that affects patients entering the intensive care unit (ICU). Many studies
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People with bipolar disorder have moderate cognitive difficulties that tend to be more pronounced during mood episodes but persist after clinical remission and affect recovery. Recent evidence suggests heterogeneity in these difficulties, but the factors underlying cognitive heterogeneity are unclear.
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In summary, we provide further evidence that SMS and AGS exhibit the same disease spectrum following a gain-of-function mutation in the IFIH1 gene. Our data highlight the genetic heterogeneity of these conditions and expand our knowledge of differential phenotypes created by IFIH1 gain-of-function mutation.As an important tool for systematic analysis, genome-scale metabolic network (G
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The review will focus on the biogenesis and cargo composition of EVs as well as the potential use of EVs as biomarkers of SUD or therapeutic targets in SUD.Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron disease of variable clinical severity that is caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Despite its name, SMN is a ubiquitous protein that functions within and outside the nerv
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Inflammatory response by different polarized macrophages has a critical role in a variety of immunological pathophysiology, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). Herein, targeting the paradigm of macrophage phenotypes by small molecular modulators may influence the disease status. In the present study, we firstly demonstrated that didymin, one of the most abundant flavonoid constituents present in the citrus fruits such as oranges
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Rational design and fabrication of graphene nanoarchitectures with multifunctionality and multidimensionality remains quite a challenge. Here, we present a synthetic sequence, based on the combination of two advanced patterned-functionalization principles, namely, laser-writing and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-assisted lithographic processes, leading to unprecedented covalently doped graphene superlattices. S
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It is widely reported that facilitation can aid implementation of evidence-based practices. Although scholars agree that facilitators need a diverse range of skills, only a few retrospective studies have identified some of these. During the test of a facilitation strategy within the context of a VA initiative to implement evidence-based care delivery models, we documented the skills an expert external facilitator tr
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The ethics of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) typically centers on “giving ethics” to as-yet imaginary AI with human-levels of autonomy in order to protect us from their potentially destructive power. It is often assumed that to do that, we should program AI with the true moral theory (whatever that might be), much as we teach morality to our children. This paper argues that the focus on AI
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In ICU patients on mechanical ventilation (MV), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common infection. However, such infection can be prevented through oral care protocols. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of the use of chlorhexidine and oral hygiene protocols (brushing and clinical procedures) with that of the use of chlorhexidine alone (intervention group and control group, respectiv
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OBJECTIVE Reward system dysfunction is a well-known correlate and predictor of depression in adults and adolescents, with depressed individuals showing blunted (hyporeactive) striatal response to monetary rewards. Furthermore, studies of remitted depression suggest network-wide hyporeactivity of striatal (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens) and cortical (insula, anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]
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CNN models achieved higher cross-validation accuracy than handcrafted feature-based machine learning. Moreover, testing on an independent dataset, 3D CNN models greatly outperformed handcrafted feature-based machine learning. This study underscored the potential of CNN for identifying patients with schizophrenia using 3D brain MR images and paved the way for imaging-based individual-level diagnosis and progno
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Despite the worldwide re-emergence of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and the high morbidity associated with CHIKV infections, there is no approved vaccine or antiviral treatment available. We here aim to identify the target of a novel class of CHIKV inhibitors i.e. CHVB series. CHVB compounds inhibit the in vitro replication of CHIKV isolates with 50% effective concentrations in the low micromolar range. A CHVB-
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Among serum proteins, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, indicative of active mineralization, was greater in 5 MG than control (p less then 0.05). Sclerostin, an inhibitor of osteogenesis, was lower in 5 MG than control (p less then 0.05), also suggestive of enhanced healing. Conclusions An increase in bone volume, tissue volume and cellular signaling for osteogenesis at 17 day
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Wind energy is important to the transformation and development of global energy, because it is clean and renewable. However, the productivity of wind power is low due to its volatility, randomness, and uncertainty. Therefore, a new hybrid prediction model based on combined Elman-radial basis function (RBF) and Lorenz disturbance is proposed, which can promote the productivity of wind power
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Our study reveals the indispensable role of CMTR1-catalyzed N1 2′-O-Me in gene regulation for brain development.MutSα and MutSβ play important roles in DNA mismatch repair and are linked to inheritable cancers and degenerative disorders. Here, we show that MSH2 and MSH3, the two components of MutSβ, bind SLX4 protein, a scaffold for the assembly of the SLX1-SLX4-MUS81-EME1-XPF-ERCC1 (SMX) trinuclease complex. SMX
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The aim of this study was to provide a detailed overview of age and gender specific health care costs and costs due to lost productivity for hospital admitted patients with an isolated tibia shaft fracture in The Netherlands between 2008 and 2012. Injury cases and length of hospital stay were extracted from the National Medical Registration. Information on extramural health care and work absen
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Background Dynamic contrast agent-enhanced (DCE) perfusion MRI may help differentiate between nonneoplastic and malignant lesions in the spine. Purpose To investigate the correlation between fractional plasma volume (Vp), a parameter derived from DCE perfusion MRI, and histopathologic diagnosis for spinal lesions. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, patients who underwent DCE perfusion MRI and lesion biop
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