Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
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At 6 months after denosumab intervention, measured TRAP-5b values were
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Regarding music-related behaviors, our results revealed considerable changes in caregivers’ and children’s musical activities at home during social distancing, including an increase in child-only musical behaviors and shared caregiver-child activities. Moreover, sociodemographic factors such as caregiver background and well-being as well as the child’s disability status significantly influenced musical enga
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Although we are far from a detailed interpretation of lean human body maintenance, the primary findings of our study suggest that gut microbial composition may be a factor influencing the regulation of weight gain in lean athletes with a positive energy balance.Since the emergency of novel coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, infections have spread rapidly across the world. The reported incidence of acute
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Although facultative endosymbionts are now known to protect insect hosts against pathogens and parasitoids, the effects of endosymbionts on insecticide resistance are still unclear. Here we show that Wolbachia are associated with increased resistance to the commonly used insecticide, buprofezin, in the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) in some genetic backgrounds while having no effect in other backgrounds. I
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The purpose of this study was to examine the magnitude of cancer stigma, social support, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment among breast cancer survivors and to identify the factors associated with patients’ psychosocial adjustment.
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01). Positive behaviors, especially touching, are related to higher herd milk yields. Negative behaviors such as negative vocalizations are related to lower yields of younger cows. © 2020 Japanese Society of Animal Science.BACKGROUND Spontaneous pain after surgical incision is a significant problem for most post-operative patients. Pain management that relies on opioids is hindered by numerous side effects, fueling interest in non
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Various natural processes can be analyzed using the concept of random walks. For a single random walker, the mean waiting times for uphill and downhill transitions between neighboring sites are equal. Here we investigate the uphill/downhill symmetry of waiting times for transitions of a tracer in crowded environment using exactly solvable one-dimensional stochastic models. It is found that, unexpectedly, the time to move
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An infant with ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow who underwent neonatal ductal stenting and, 4 months later, developed ductal stent endocarditis due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus was described. The infection was associated with a moderate aortic pseudoaneurysm and the patient was treated with antibiotics as well as surgical aortic pseudoaneurysm repair. This novel and unusual com
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actice. Some survey responses possibly reflect ambiguity in doctors’ intentions when providing medication. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
COVID-19 is known to cause an acute respiratory illness, although clinical manifestations outside of the respiratory tract may occur. Early reports have identified SARS-CoV-2 as a cause of subacute thyroiditis (S
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BACKGROUND Autophagy has a principal role in mediating tumor cell metabolism. However, the role of autophagy-pathway-related genes (APRGs) as prognostic markers remains obscure in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). More potential prognostic biomarkers are needed to deepen our understanding to explore the prognostic role of APRGs in LUAD. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to identify di
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Variations between male and female populations are previously reported in classes of harmfully used/misused drugs, severity of substance use disorder and risk of relapse. The aim of this study was to provide a review of bedside medical toxicologist managed, sex-specific poisonings in adults that present with harmful drug use/misuse.
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Dobhoff tube is a specialized small-bore and flexible nasogastric tube that makes it more comfortable for placement than a usual nasogastric tube. Dobhoff tube insertion is commonly considered a relatively safe bedside procedure, but it is not without its associated risks. Inadvertent tracheobronchial placement of Dobhoff tube has been associated with severe complications, most notably pn
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Ticks (Arachnida Acari) are vectors for pathogens and the biggest threat to animal health. Many Australian ticks are associated with pathogens that impact humans, domestic animals and livestock. However, little is known about the presence or impact of tick-borne pathogens in native Australian wildlife. Wombats are particularly susceptible to the effects of the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei which causes sarcop
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Carefusion Micro RPM and the 6-minute walktest were used to evaluate maximal respiratory pressures and functional capacity, respectively.
With backward linear regression models, FVC and obsessive-compulsive traits were significant predictors of chest wall mobility (R² = 0.27; P < .001 and P = .01, respectively). In logistic regression models, FVC, maximum inspiratory pressure, an
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Genetic variation of the 16p11.2 deletion locus containing the KCTD13 gene and of CUL3 is linked with autism. This genetic connection suggested that substrates of a CUL3-KCTD13 ubiquitin ligase may be involved in disease pathogenesis. Comparison of Kctd13 mutant (Kctd13 -/- ) and wild-type neuronal ubiquitylomes identified adenylosuccinate synthetase (ADSS), an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in adenos
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A common assumption in human fear conditioning research is that findings are informative for the etiology and treatment of clinical anxiety. One way to empirically evaluate the external validity of fear conditioning is by prospective studies. We review available prospective research investigating whether individual performance in fear conditioning predicts individual differences in anxiety levels a
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This study identifies acquired hemopexin deficiency as a risk factor of AKI in SCD and hemopexin replacement as a potential therapy. Copyright © 2020 American Society of Hematology.We used coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the global and local mechanical properties of a DNA origami triangle nanostructure. The structure presents two metastable conformations separated by a free energy barrie
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The gut microbiota is reported to modulate the immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we employ metagenomic and metabolomic studies to characterise gut microbiota in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) related cirrhosis, with or without HCC, and evaluate its effect on the peripheral immune response in an ex vivo model. We find that dysbiosis characterises the microbiota of patients w
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