Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
260,806 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Infusions of epinephrine titrated to treat unstable hypotension, as well as potassium for severe hypokalemia may be required. Current scientific evidence does not support treatment or prophylactic use of these agents for COVID-19 disease. Regulatory and public health authorities recognize that CQ/HCQ may offer little clinical benefit and only add risk requiring further investigation before wider public distr
BatemanKelleher4738
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Patients with severe dementia require intravenous sedation during dental treatment. However, few reports have compared the outcomes of intravenous sedation management among sedatives. Intravenous sedation in the elderly with severe dementia undergoing dental treatment was evaluated retrospectively.
Patients’ characteristics and type of dementia were obtained from medical records. M
CatesRowe8706
thor311
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AZD3965 in vitro
Fifty-two confirmed cases of snakebites in Kuwait were recorded during 2015-2019. The malefemale ratio was almost 21 and 84.6% of the victims were between 1 and 20 y of age and 14.4% were >30 y. Snakebites peaked in October (23.1%) and July (17.3%), with the lowest number of recorded cases in March.The Ascend West and Central Africa programme, funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO)
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Cell population and turnover are controlled by a balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Detection of apoptosis in oral cancer contributes to its better prognosis and improved management. This study aimed to quantify apoptotic cells in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using methyl green-pyronin (MGP) and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining.
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McintyreGuldbrandsen0460
C381
The safety profiles were similar in both the treatment groups with mild-moderate adverse effects.
The PK characteristics and immunogenicity exhibited by HL02 were similar to that of the reference product, US-trastuzumab. The safety profiles were similar in both the treatment groups with mild-moderate adverse effects.While sarcoma immunology has advanced with regard to basic, and even some applied topics, this d
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Potential mechanism of osmolality impact on Neu5Gc is discussed and is hypothesized to be cytosol NADH availability related. Compared with cell line engineering efforts, this simple process lever provides the opportunity to readily modulate the Neu5Gc level in a cell culture environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.An 11-year-old intact male Shiloh Shepherd was presented for evaluation of
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24, and the increased length explained 16% of the variation in lameness scores. A positive relation between lameness score and the number of deformed claws was also shown. Overall, these results suggest that the size of dairy goats’ claws influences the prevalence of deformation and lameness severity and that the number of deformed claws affects goats’ gait. They also help to build the argument
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urvivors by informing patients and/or their parents of these risks.
A ratio adjustable power splitter (RAPS) circuit was recently proposed for add-on RF shimming and array-compressed parallel transmission. Here we propose a new RAPS circuit design based on off-the-shelf components for improved performance and manufacturability.
VickRoed9247
Opaganib cell line
This analysis describes the development of the duration of inpatient and daycare treatment as well as contacts in outpatient PIA in hospitals with flexible and integrated treatment (FIT) over a three-year follow-up period.
Patients with treatment in the first year after FIT-onset and a follow-up period of three years were examined for 12 FIT-hospitals and compared with ma
NicholsQuinn8362
Tanzisertib in vitro
The success of checkpoint inhibitors has accelerated the clinical implementation of a vast mosaic of single agents and combination immunotherapies. However, the lack of clinical translation for a number of immunotherapies as monotherapies or in combination with checkpoint inhibitors has clarified that new strategies must be employed to advance the field. The next chapter of immunotherapy should examine the immu
KnappDuckworth2306
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We observed evidence linking BIS, BAS, sensation seeking, and lack of premeditation to the total strength and temporal variability of FC within networks connecting regions of the prefrontal cortex, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus with the cerebellum. Overall, our findings improve the existing knowledge of the neural correlates of impulsivity and the behavioral correlates of th
SchwarzBauer7299
Adenosine diphosphate sodium salt
CySs yielded high-quantity and high-quality DNA for NGS analysis when sufficient tumor cellularity was present. Fresh, alcohol-fixed, and FFPE CySs were all suitable for NGS and provided identical NGS results. SpS and CyS BRCA testing was concordant in 10 of 12 cases. The 2 discordant cases showed low tumor cellularity and quality in the CyS and the SpS, respectively.
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BramsenMeredith7906
Citarinostat
We examine the expanding applications of RNA sequencing, including the detection of cryptic variants that affect splicing and gene expression and the interpretation of rare and novel mitochondrial transfer RNA variants.Computational approaches for drug discovery, such as quantitative structure-activity relationship, rely on structural similarities of small molecules to infer biological activity but are oft
OnealRefsgaard3551
ART0380
Dasatinib induces immune-mediated colitis following lymphocyte infiltration.
Dasatinib induces immune-mediated colitis following lymphocyte infiltration.
Berry syndrome, a rare combination of cardiac anomalies, consists of aortopulmonary window (APW); aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery; interrupted aortic arch (IAA) or hypoplastic aortic arch or coarctation of the aorta; and a
ValenciaHolmberg6359
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(4) Conclusions The protocol provides several thresholds to connect the softening and stiffening behavior of clots with the applied shear stress. This points to the reversible part of deformation, and thus opens a new route to describe a blood clot’s phenotype.Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) catalyze the degradation of a very broad range of biogenic and dietary amines includ
PaghMcGregor3799
PF-02341066
Since a CARES study on American gout patients with CVD treated with febuxostat revealed increased mortality, ACR2020 recommends switching to different ULAs. However, there was no difference in the mortality of Japanese patients between the febuxostat-treated group and the placebo or allopurinol-treated groups in either the FEATHER or FREED studies.Drug-induced parkinsonism is the second common movement disorder after
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Skin dryness is a common dermatological problem among older people.We aimed to evaluate the frequency of moisturiser use and awareness of its benefits among older people.
This cross-sectional descriptive study included 556 individuals over 65 years of age, all of whom were patients at family medicine and dermatology outpatient clinics at a tertiary teaching hospital. Data were sum
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The final tool improved diagnostic agreement with the gold standard from 22.7% (95% CI 10.3-35.1) to 77.3% (95% CI 64.9-89.7). Inter-rater reliability increased from poor agreement k = - 0.04 (95% CI, - 0.12-0.04) to moderate agreement k = 0.56 (95% CI, 0.40-0.72).
This simple diagnostic tool is quick to use and may assist doctors in diagnosing non-traumatic knee pain in a
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Selleckchem BI-3231
In Focus Rivers, P. R., & DuVal, E. H. (2020). Multiple paternity in a lek mating system Females mate multiply when they choose inexperienced sires. Journal of Animal Ecology, 89, 1142-1152. In many socially monogamous species with biparental care, some females engage in extra-pair copulations, despite the apparent risk of losing male help in raising their brood. Why females mate with multiple males remains
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07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11, P < .01). When stratified according to NLr into tertiles, the rate of IHCs was from first to third tertile was, respectively, 22%, 31%, and 58%. NLr values in the higher tertile were independent predictors of IHCs even at multivariate analysis (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.5-9.4, P < .01). NLr values higher than 5 were able to predict IHCs with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 5
NoerHutchinson2393
OTUB2-IN-1 in vivo
infection and variety V2-49-17 with yellow endosperm and partial resistance to Fusarium sp. infection. In this manner, we were able to compare potential effects of inductors upon defence gene expression among three varieties with different susceptibility to infection but also between inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings of a single variety. The lowest infection levels were detected in the sodium bicarbonate
CoffeyMathiassen5822
Selleckchem Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium
Attempts were then made to realize a biomimetic coupling of curvulamine with an additional C10N fragment to arrive at curindolizine, the most complex family member. Although unproductive, we developed a 14-step total synthesis of this alkaloid through an abiotic coupling approach. Throughout this work, effort was made to harness and exploit the inna
HenriksenPaul8305
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Pre-column derivatisation using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) is a common method for monosaccharide determination. Herein, a specific ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole trap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) method was developed and used for the determination of monosaccharide composition of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP).
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JH-X-119-01
This paper expatiates the stability and bifurcation for a fractional-order neural network (FONN) with double leakage delays. Firstly, the characteristic equation of the developed FONN is circumspectly researched by employing inequable delays as bifurcation parameters. Simultaneously the bifurcation criteria are correspondingly extrapolated. Then, unequal delays-spurred-bifurcation diagrams are primarily delineated t
SkovGottlieb9044
selleck compound
This study sought to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (CMRI) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).
In acute CO poisoning, cardiac injury can predict mortality. However, it remains unclear why increased mortality and cardiovascular events occur d
LadegaardMedlin7075
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groups was statistically significant (X22=10.5; P=.001). CONCLUSIONS This study was the first contribution to investigating the potential impact of a culturally adapted internet-delivered treatment on depressive symptoms for college students as compared with a WL control group in South America. Future research should focus on identifying variables associated both with premature dropout and treatment withdrawal at fo
LandryBowling2729
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Objective To provide nationally representative estimates of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify clusters of individuals with TBI who follow similar perceived health trajectories using group-based trajectory modeling.Participants Adults (≥18 years old) from panels 9-19 (2004-2015) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) who experienced a TBI (n = 949).Design Data from
BrennanHanna5587
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typhimurium recovery and increased IFN-γ and TNF-α production. L. casei ATTC334, B. breve JCM1192 and B. infantis BL2416 improved body weight gain and the food conversion rate in S. typhimurium-infected broilers. B. longum Ncc2785 neither attached to epithelial cells nor induced IFN-γ and TNF-α release and consequently did not prevent S. typhimurium colonization in broiler chickens. In c
FischerKanstrup1072
PD166866 mouse
29 and 7.98%, respectively. The average molecular weight of UPPS-B1 and S-UPPS-B1 was determined to be 37 and 110 kD, respectively. UPPS-B1 was considered to be a heteropolysaccharide composed of xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a ratio of 7.98.712.09.8. In addition, S-UPPS-B1 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a ratio of 1.09.76.41.6. The results of the tumor
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Background Young patients with symptomatic chondral defects in the medial compartment with varus malalignment may undergo opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with concomitant osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) (HTO + OCA). Although patients have demonstrated favorable outcomes after HTO + OCA, limited information is available regarding return to sporting activities after this procedure. Purpose To eval
WeeksNoble0625
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In particular, traffic managers can provide road safety education and related training activities to influence pedestrian behaviors positively.Under natural conditions, plants are always associated with a well-orchestrated community of microbes-the phytomicrobiome. The nature and degree of microbial effect on the plant host can be positive, neutral, or negative, and depends largely on the environment. The phytomicrobio
AldridgeHardison2726
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Patients with this trajectory were primarily females with low BMI and
(diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide). A persistently lean trajectory was seen in 14% of the cohort. This group had significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
),
, more emphysema and a worse BODE (BMI, airflow obstr
BoysenWalls3291
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However, it is usually a chronic recurring condition and management needs to be personalized to each case. While escalating proton pump inhibitor therapy may be pertinent to healing high grade esophagitis, its applicability to other GERD phenotypes wherein the modulating effects of anxiety, motility, hypersensitivity, and non-esophageal factors may dominate is highly questionable.
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Cariprazine agonist
To determine what dose of melatonin is most effective for treating migraine acutely in children and adolescents.
Acute migraine medications may not work for all patients and may cause side effects. Melatonin is effective for migraine prevention in adults and has been used acutely for procedural pain in children. Our goal was to determine whether a “high” or “lo
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05).
CBR improves the self-efficacy and quality of life in elderly patients with COPD.
CBR improves the self-efficacy and quality of life in elderly patients with COPD.
To investigate the effect of tracheal intubation and ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) on hemodynamics, oxygen saturation, peak airway pressure and adverse events durin
VesterBailey2850
Selleck Tamoxifen
Emerging evidence supports that oral microbiota are associated with health and diseases of the esophagus. How oral microbiota change in Chinese patients with esophageal cancer (EC) is unknown, neither is their biomarker role. For an objective to understand alterations of oral microbiota in Chinese EC patients, we conducted a case-control study including saliva samples from 39 EC patients and 51 healthy volunteers
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Importance Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) among asymptomatic patients involves a trade-off between a higher short-term perioperative risk in exchange for a lower long-term risk of stroke. The clinical benefit observed in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) may not extend to real-world practice. Objective To examine whether early intervention (CEA) was superior to initial medical therapy in real-world practice in pre
WaltonNapier3865
Dizocilpine
Glutathione (GSH) is the main component of the mitochondrial thiol pool and plays key roles in the biological processes. Many evidences have suggested that cysteine and homocysteine also exist in mitochondria and are interrelated with GSH in biological systems. The fluctuation of the levels of mitochondrial thiols has been linked to many diseases and cells’ dysfunction. Therefore, the monitoring of mitochondria
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We report a case of a 48-year-old man with a history of episodes of severe headache, accompanied by motor aphasia and agraphia, with complete recovery between episodes. The neurological examination revealed no abnormality. A lumbar puncture was performed and showed lymphocytic pleocytosis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis ruled out viral, bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, treponemal, and NMDA
ValentineClemensen2863
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Confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed that PEG-C6-L and C6-L were mainly located in lysosomes. By contrast, TPOS-C6-L showed broader cytoplasmic release and distribution at 4 h. MTT assay showed that the cytotoxicity of TPOS-DOC-L was similar to that of PEG-DOC-L and conventional DOC liposomes (DOC-L) at the same DOC concentration and at pH 7.4, but was much lower than those a
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Nitroarenes are used as the coupling partners in the preparation of sulfonamides via the insertion of sulfur dioxide. A three-component reaction of arylboronic acids, nitroarenes, and potassium metabisulfite under copper catalysis proceeds smoothly, giving rise to a range of sulfonamides in good to excellent yields with broad substrate scope. Various functional groups including hydroxyl, cyano, amino, and carbonyl are all to
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NF-κΒ activator 1
Objective We examined the diagnostic value of brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using voxel-based statistical analysis with CT-based attenuation correction (CT-AC) by comparing it to that with Chang’s AC in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and attempted to locate brain areas that are good indicators predicting the progression of MCI. Methods Twenty-six individuals
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Buy a Driving License – What Classes Are Available?
The first step towards buying a driver’s license is to identify the best class for your situation. As someone who has helped numerous residents from Buffalo to Montauk obtain their driver’s licenses I am aware of the differences between different classes and how
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