Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
274,440 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Failed jump landings represent a key mechanism of musculoskeletal trauma. It has been speculated that cognitive dual-task loading during the flight phase may moderate the injury risk. This study aimed to explore whether increased visual distraction can compromise landing biomechanics. Twenty-one healthy, physically active participants (15 females, 25.8 ± 0.4 years) completed a series of 30 counter-movement jumps
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CRISPR-Cas systems provide versatile tools for programmable genome editing. Here, we developed a caged RNA strategy that allows Cas9 to bind DNA but not cleave until light-induced activation. This approach, referred to as very fast CRISPR (vfCRISPR), creates double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the submicrometer and second scales. Synchronized cleavage improved kinetic analysis of DNA repair, revealing that cells resp
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health concern affecting the neuropsychological health; TBI is accompanied by drastic long-term adverse complications that can influence many aspects of the life of affected individuals. A substantial number of studies have shown that mood disorders, particularly depression, are the most frequent complications encountered in individuals with TBI. Post-traumatic depre
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Condition-specific competition is a phenomenon by which inter-specific competitive dominance changes as a result of environment, and is an important factor determining species distribution. Congeneric charrs in Hokkaido, Japan, provide one of the best examples of condition-specific competition Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma, often dominate in cold streams (6-8°C), whereas white-spotted charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis, dominate
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Studies have shown an increased risk for mortality in patients with psoriasis. Furthermore, research has demonstrated an inverse relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level and all-cause mortality. This study investigated the association between 25(OH)D level and all-cause mortality in US adults with psoriasis.
Data from NHANES (1999-2014 and mortality data throu
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To evaluate the clinical usability of PURPOSE T among registered nurses in Sweden.
Pressure ulcers are an adverse event and a problem worldwide. Risk assessment is a cornerstone, and a first step in pressure ulcer prevention is to identify possible risk patients and/or pressure ulcers. There are many pressure ulcer risk assessment instruments; however, they are not updated and/or e
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Atypical antipsychotics are the treatment of choice for psychotic symptoms in dementia. Despite the consistent results present in the literature up to this point, various antipsychotics remain insufficiently studied and would need more generous sample sizes for their outcomes to be substantiated.Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis is a surgical technique that is becoming increasingly common because radiographic images and impl
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5 vs. 200 minutes, p = 0.397), estimated blood loss (250 vs. 400 ml, p = 0.214) and hospital stay (4 vs. 7 days, p = 0.298) were comparable between laparoscopy and open group. The overall post operative complication rate was similar in both groups (p = 0.375). The 5-year disease free survival rate (42.9% vs 60.0%, p = 0.700) and the 5-year overall survival rate (76.2% vs 64.8%, p = 0.145) was similar between laparoscopy and ope
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BACKGROUND The standard approach for crossing peripheral CTOs is to use a combination of hydrophilic guidewires and catheters. The path is either intraluminally or in most cases at least partially subintimal. This standard approach with a guidewire-tip as leading point (“wire first”) to cross CTOs has a success rate of about 80%. We hypothesize that a “catheter first” approach, using the catheter al
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A variety of behavioral measures were recorded, including distance travelled, number of revisits, memory span, and latency. The results showed that the sham group outperformed the lesion group on most of these measures. Based on the behavioral data and histological tissue analysis of each group, we determined that the hippocampus is involved in successful performance in the TSP, particularly regarding memory for which targets have already b
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Parapithecines are an extinct subfamily of stem anthropoid primates previously known only from the Jebel Qatrani Formation in Egypt. Here, we describe isolated teeth pertaining to Simonsius harujensis sp. nov., a relatively small-bodied parapithecine from strata near Zallah Oasis in the Sirt Basin of central Libya that is estimated to date to ∼31 Ma on the basis of mammalian biostrati
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Despite the increasingly wider availability of contraceptives and the high levels of unmet need for family planning in rural Ethiopia, contraceptive utilization among young married women is low. Studies on associated factors in Ethiopia so far have been focused on individual factors with little emphasis on socio-cultural factors. This study aimed to assess the association between contraceptive utilization and soci
SkovbjergMarquez9785
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This case elaborates how a simple ‘nudge’ of religious tenets-based counselling helps the tobacco addict transgress or tide over such barriers. © BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.We present a case of Sandifer syndrome in a 3-year-old girl who initially presented with a history of recurrent paroxysmal head drops associated with ataxia-like symptoms and
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creasing prevalence of physical inactivity among children with sedentary lifestyle which will be useful for researchers, stakeholders, and public policy makers.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03983447; https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03983447.
RR1-10.2196/17815.
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20 months, ranging from 0.7 months to 12 months). Adverse events related to the administration of bisphosphonates included flue-like symptoms in 6 patients, musculoskeletal pain in 1 patient, arthralgias and fever in 9 patients.
The outcome of this systematic review indicated that the effect of bisphosphonates on pain relief and on regression of BME on MRI is controversial, but due to
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The risk alleles of these genes were found to be associated with lower expression levels of TNFSF15 and GPR35, respectively. Our eQTL browser can be accessed at “http//asan.crohneqtl.com/”. Conclusion This resource would be useful for studies that need to employ genome-wide association analyses involving Asian populations.Climate change is a major evolutionary force triggering thermal adaptation in a broad ran
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The effect of the acromion index (AI) and critical shoulder angle (CSA) on the short-term healing rate after arthroscopic repair of the supraspinatus tendons is already known. Long-term effects have not been published yet.
Long-term evaluation of the effect of the AI and CSA on the postoperative healing rate and clinical results after arthroscopic repair of the supraspinatus ten
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In the last few years, there were reports of active resection or long-lasting success with anti-cancer medication treatment even in recurrent cases, including the current situation. However, the indication and approach to anti-cancer therapy are unclear and might need the buildup of numerous more situations.Surgical resection is one of effe
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While robots can’t substitute for a conventional vacuum in removing ground-in debris like metal screws and pieces of orzo pasta, they’re great at sweeping crumbs, dust and hair from pets. The best models feature smart navigation technology and a feature to avoid objects that allow them to maneuver around toys, cords and other household obstacles
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Purpose Aprepitant is used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy. In this open-label, 2-period study, the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of aprepitant (EMEND®) were evaluated in healthy Chinese and Caucasian subjects. Patients and Methods Twelve Chinese and 12 Caucasian subjects were to receive a 125 mg single-dose
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FFT spectra of first and fourth row elements classify CIN-I and CIN-II grades of cervical cancerous tissues with 90%-100% sensitivity and 87%-100% specificity. Normal and CIN-II grade samples are successfully discriminated through Fourier spectra of every MM element while that of M31 element arises as the key classifier among normal, CIN-I, and CIN-II grades of cervical cancer with 100% sensitivity and specifici
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The growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has promoted investigations of natural molecules that could prevent and treat CVD. Among these, hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound of olive oil, is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects. Its strong antioxidant properties are due to the scavenging of radicals and the stimulation of synthesis and activity of antioxidant enzy
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To compare botulinum neurotoxin (BNT) injections to surgery as first-line therapy in large-angle essential infantile esotropia (IE).
Children between the ages 6 months and 6 years with IE of ≥40 prism dioptres (PD) were randomised to either a maximum of three BNT injections or surgical intervention of bimedial rectus muscle recession for angles ≤60 PD and augmented with BNT injection
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The COVID-19 pandemic zoonosis has determined extensive lockdowns worldwide that provide an unprecedented opportunity to understand how large-scale shifts of human activities can impact wildlife. We addressed the impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on wildlife in Italy, the first European country that performed a countrywide lockdown, and identified potentially beneficial and negative consequences for wildlife conservation
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533, P less then 0.001), and longer working hours (OR=1.020, P=0.022) were independently associated with higher risk of depression. Living with family members (OR=0.786, P less then 0.001), and being junior clinicians (OR=0.851, P=0.011) were independently associated with lower odds of depression. The results showed that depression was common in frontline psychiatric clinician
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aring agreements are in place permitting contribution of data. The study findings will be disseminated at conferences and through peer-reviewed publications. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019152526. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES To appraise European guidelines for acute otitis media (AOM) i
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CIP2A is an oncoprotein involved in the progression of several human malignancies. It has recently been described as a prognostic marker in many cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of CIP2A in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate cancer (PC), and to analyse the association with the clinicopa
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the helium method, it is noteworthy that the individuals using the helium method are significantly younger than the individuals who choose other, related, methods.Physical sciences are often overlooked in the field of cancer research. The Physical Sciences in Oncology Initiative was launched to integrate physics, mathematics, chemistry, and engineering with cancer research and clinical oncology through education, outreach, and collabor
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Εpidemiological research during last decades has demonstrated the association of certain environmental variables with psychosis. Ιn parallel with understanding environmental contributors to schizophrenia, identification of those at high risk of psychosis has become a priority. These risk factors include adverse traumatic experiences, such as discrimination, social environmen
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Several potential benefits have been attributed to the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), including enhanced tissue healing properties. In this study, we hypothesized that the application of PRF as an adjunct
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In mitosis, while the importance of kinetochore-microtubule attachment has been known for many years, increasing evidence suggests that telomere dysfunctions also perturb chromosome segregation by contributing to the formation of chromatin bridges at anaphase. Recent evidence suggests that Aurora B kinase ensures proper chromosome segregation during mitosis not only by controlling kinetochore-microtubule attac
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The OPPI designed detention tank is suitable for high non-stormwater entries and long antecedent dry days (large amount of sediment). A case study is conducted in a high-density urban area of Shanghai, and compared with two commonly employed design methods in Germany and China, which have the similar design principle of volume, relying on amount of precipitation multiplying area of region, the combination of overf
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Most complaints concerned GPs (80%); a minority (19%) assistants. Thirty-five per cent concerned perceived professionalism lapses of physicians. A rich diversity in the wording of professionalism lapses was found, where
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ke molecules and the solutes show overall good agreement, validating the calculated distributions and associated absolute free-energy profiles.Structural stability of various collagen-containing biomaterials such as bones and cartilage is still a mystery. Despite the spectroscopic development of several decades, the detailed mechanism of collagen interaction with citrate in bones and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the car
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A diverse number of driving scenarios were captured such as traffic congestion, round-abouts, hard-braking, etc. on different road types (e.g. country roads, motorways, etc.) and with varying driving patterns. The dataset consists of a total driving time of about 40 h over 1,300 km for the vehicle extracted data and about 58 h over 4,400 km for the smartphone recorded data. We hope that this dataset will prove val
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According to MLST results, 14 sequence types (ST) including ST-693, ST-90, ST-101, ST-1664, ST-2083, ST-131, ST-4443, ST-744, ST-361, ST-405, ST-922, ST-648, ST-5717and ST-410 were detected, indicating a high degree of genotypic diversity.
We identified a high frequency of the ST131 clonal group among UTIs. These data show an important public health threat, and so further stud
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G protein-coupled receptor 12 (GPR12) is an orphan receptor with no confirmed endogenous ligands. It plays important roles in both physiological and pathological conditions such as neurogenesis and neural inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether GPR12 regulates carcinogenesis and progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), such as esophageal cancer (EC) and hypopharyngeal cancer
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Children under 5 years in Jinja had a high level of ART non-adherence. It is important to engage schools to support adherence among children living with HIV. Addressing household food insecurity and improving the quality of paediatric ART services would also reduce the barriers to optimal adherence.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathological feat
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Portugal (Southwestern Europe) experiences a high incidence of dry hazards such as drought, a phenomenon that entails a notable burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For the first time in the Lisbon district, a time-series study was conducted to evaluate the impact of drought measured by the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) on the d
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Breen, D, Powell, C, and Anderson, R. Pacing during 200-m competitive masters swimming. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2020-Pacing strategies are key to overall performance outcome, particularly in swimming given the large resistive properties of water. However, no studies examining how swimming stroke, gender, age, or performance level affect pacing strategies during 200-m races. This study aimed to examine masters a
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3; 95% CI 11.1-21.1; P less then 0.0001). Likelihood of venous thromboembolism was not significantly increased in TXA recipients (aOR 2.0; 95% CI 0.3-14.6; P = 0.49). Conclusion Increasing national trends of TXA use in the peripartum period was observed, with variable increases by geographic region. Likelihood of venous thromboembolism was not significantly increased among women who received TXA. Increasing TXA use throu
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Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway via modulating CAF may be a potential therapeutic approach.Background Osimertinib efficacy in pre-treated patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been demonstrated in clinical trials, but real-world data, particularly regarding resistance profile, remains limited. This study aims to analyze the r
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× CG; RE (MJ/d) = 4.184 × (0.082±0.002 × EQEBW0.75 × CG0.777±0.039), where P = slaughter plant effect, if commercial = -10.98, if experimental =0; G = gender effect, if steer = 0, if bull = 0.008169 and if heifer = -0.00612; B = genotype effect, if Zebu = 0, if dairy crossbreds = -0.03301 and if beef crossbreds = -0.01595; SBW = shrunk BW; CG = carcass gain; EQEBW = equivalent empty BW.Sainfoin is a protein-rich
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