Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
275,431 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Vector-borne diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aedes-borne diseases, in particular, including dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are increasing at an alarming rate due to urbanisation, population movement, weak vector control programmes, and climate change. The World Health Organization calls for strengthening of vector control programmes in line with the Global Vector
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Although heterozygous mice did not differ from controls, homozygous females and hemizygous males showed increased hypotalamic Crh and Avp mRNAs and a differentially altered expression of Fkbp5 in cortical areas. Present results demonstrate that in female mice carrying truncated MeCP2, altered stress responsivity is driven by homozygosity, whereas heterozygosity does not lead to maladaptive stress outcomes. Me
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The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread across worldwide, posing a significant challenge to public health. Several shortcomings in the existing infectious disease management system were exposed during the pandemic, which hindered the control of the disease globally. To cope with this issue, we propose a window-period framework to reveal the general rule of the progression of management of infe
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Here, we compared the proteomic profile of phosphorylated proteins in serine residues from healthy, LSIL, HSIL, and CC samples. Our data show an increase in the number of phosphorylated proteins in serine residues as the grade of injury rises. These results provide a support for future studies focused on phosphorylated proteins and their possible correlation with the progression of cervical lesions. Copyrig
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Objectives A lack of donors continues to be a significant problem. Kidney donors with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m² are not suitable for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy; however, some studies have suggested that an obese donor could be an appropriate donor with similar surgical outcomes. Here, we report the results of our 10-year experience of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, examining the effects of body mass
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73) and increased in the control arm (+5.53 ± 16.01; P = 0.005) paralleling dry-weight changes (-1.68 ± 2.38 vs. 0.54 ± 2.32 kg; P < 0.001). At 12 months, 48-h systolic BP (136.19 ± 14.78 vs. 130.31 ± 13.57 mmHg; P = 0.034) and diastolic BP (80.72 ± 9.83 vs. 76.82 ± 8.97 mmHg; P = 0.008) were lower compared to baseline in the active but similar in the control group. Changes in 48
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The sampling and accurate diagnosis of lymph nodes during the clinical history of lung cancer are essential for selecting the appropriate treatment strategies. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in patients with previously treated lung cancer.
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rated into a replication-defective viral particle that contains a sensitive reporter system. These pseudoparticles enter cells using the glycoprotein from the pathogenic virus, leading to a readout for infection. Conditions that block entry of the pathogenic virus, such as neutralizing antibodies, will also block entry of the viral pseudoparticles. However, viral glycoproteins often are not readily suited for generating ps
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The purpose of this review is to highlight the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as the current ways of cachexia treatment in the pharmaceutical and the nutrition field.Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is both a common and high burden disease, with the majority of AR sufferers purchasing suboptimal/inappropriate AR medication from community pharmacies. Unfortunately, it is still a challenge to translate the AR management guidelines that are ava
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Chlorpyrifos is a potent inhibitor of CYP1A with Ki 0.24 μM and moderately inhibited CYP2C or 3A with Ki values of 84.8 and 77.7 μM, respectively. On the other hand, dichlorvos and trichlorfon caused extremely low or negligible inhibition of different CYP activities. From these results, it is concluded that both fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos may increase the toxicity of chemicals in environmental living orga
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Despite having higher bone mineral density (BMD) values, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are at increased risk of fracture. Trabecular bone score (TBS) obtained by evaluating bone microarchitecture might be a more accurate factor for determining bone strength in T2DM patients. In this study, we aimed at investigating the mean values of lumbar spine (LS) TBS, LS-BMD, and femoral neck BMD in T2DM patients and con
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Our work aimed to investigate the association between vigorous physical activity and visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure variability (BPV).
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Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) are the most common RCC types. RCC has high immune infiltration levels, and immunotherapy is currently one of the most promising treatments for RCC. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is an extracellular matrix protein that regulates tumor invasion and modulates the tumor microenvironment. However, t
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To explore the antioxidant capacity of citrus flavonoids under different evaluation systems, chemical and biological methods were engaged to determine the antioxidant abilities of flavanones and polymethoxyflavones. Results showed that flavanones exhibited good antioxidant activity, while polymethoxyflavones had a weak ability to scavenge free radicals. Both flavanones and polymethoxyflavones exerted the
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The production of superoxide anions (O
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The median age was 12 years (IQR 8-15) and 55% were female. Two hundred and nine (68%) had viral load suppression (<1,000 copies/ml) and 97(32%) were unsuppressed (viral load ≥1000). At follow-up in 2018, 42/306 (14%) were either transferred 23 (7%) or LTFU 17 (6%) and 2 had died. In 2018, of the 264 retained in care, 107/264 (41%), had been switched to second-line, ritonavir-booste
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Discussion The awareness and preparedness of HCWs against COVID-19 are of utmost importance not only to protect themselves from infection, but also to control the virus transmission in healthcare facilities and to manage the disease, especially in the context of manpower lacking and hospital overload during the pandemic. The results of this survey can be used to inform hospitals about the awareness a
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With the rapid development of oil hydrogenation industry, the development of oil hydrogenation catalyst has also become a research hotspot. In this paper, ultrasound-assisted precipitation technique is used to prepare Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The effect of ultrasonic output power on catalyst performance is investigated. The prepared catalyst is applied to the hydrogenation reaction of castor oil. It is found that the prepared catalyst shows
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© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.The 2 most common causes of chronic kidney disease worldwide (type 2 diabetes and obesity) are states of nutrient excess, suggesting that fuel overabundance leads to deleterious effects on the structure and function of the kidneys. Three pathophysiological pathways may potentially explain this linkage. First, both obesity and type 2 diabetes are charac
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In addition, our model also reproduced the time series of recoveries and deaths. Our work constitutes an important first step towards an effective dashboard for the monitoring of epidemic by the administration, especially in an Indian context.Pickering emulsions with on-off properties provide significant advantages over simple solid-stabilized emulsions for the development of novel materials, such as oil-displacing ag
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Nonreciprocal light propagation is essential to control the direction of the light flow. Here, we report the realization of magnetic-free optical nonreciprocity using a simple two-level system driven by a pump field in warm atoms. In our experiment, we not only demonstrate less than 0.5 dB of insertion loss and up to 20 dB of isolation but also provide flexible and reconfigurable operations of the isolation bandwidth
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