Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
275,340 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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We present a case of rapidly evolving progressive supranuclear palsy-like parkinsonism associated with anti-LGI-1 antibodies, suggesting that immune-mediated mechanisms might be involved in rapid progression of some atypical parkinsonisms. This case also contributes to the expanding spectrum of moaning-associated disorders.
It is well known that myoclonus can be a paraneoplastic manifestation of under
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The decoding module, a two-layer neural network that constitutes the convergence of the divergent representations in preceding modules, received inputs from the place-cell module and provided specific coordinates of the navigating object. After vital design optimizations involving all modules, we implemented the tri-modular structure on Zynq Ultrascale+ field-programmable gate array silicon chip, and demonst
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The global disruptions caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis posed a threat to the momentum the vector control team at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) and the Programme National de Lutte contre la Tryaponosomiase Humaine Africaine (PNLTHA) had built in their efforts to control tsetse fly populations in the Democratic Republic of Congo. But despite the pandemic and global lock
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The past few years have witnessed an increasing interest in essential oils (EOs) as potential therapeutic agents against a wide variety of pathologies, including cancer. EOs extracted from Ridolfia segetum (L.) Mori
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There is no consensus about the safety of outpatient total hip arthroplasty (THA). Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively evaluate and compare outpatient and inpatient THA studies in terms of complication and readmission rates.
A systematic search of the literature was performed on 26 July 2019 on Pu
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At study entry (median 59 days after MDR-TB treatment initiation), 280 participants (91%) were able to produce sputum for the study, of whom 147 (53%) still had detectable MTB. All but 2 of these 147 had rifampicin DST done, with resistance detected in 89%. Almost half (47%) of the 147 specimens had INH DST done, with 83% resistance. Therefore, 20% of the 280 study specimens had MDR-TB confirmed. Overa
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First trimester exposure was associated with preterm birth (hazard ratio (HR) 1.17; 95% CI 1.05, 1.31). In the discordant-sibling model, the point estimate was similar (HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.36, 4.06). Third trimester exposure was associated with increased odds of fetal acute inflammation in the placenta (odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% CI 1.05, 1.71).
First trimester exposure to an acute stresso
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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) developed risk-adjusted “Star Ratings,” which serve as a guide for patients to compare hospital quality (1 star = lowest, 5 stars = highest). Although star ratings are not based on surgical care, for many procedures, surgical outcomes are concordant with star ratings. In an effort to address variability in hospital mortality after complex cancer surgery, the use of CM
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If further studied, these findings could help identify novel therapeutic intervention strategies for patients with diabetes comorbid with COVID-19.The Society for Prevention Research (SPR) aims to continually provide relevant professional development training opportunities to advance scientific investigation of ways to improve the health, well-being, and social and educational outcomes of individuals and commu
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744, adjusted P less then .001), decreased pulse rate by 6.44 beats per minute (bpm) (95% CI 4.60 to 8.28, adjusted P less then .001), and significantly increased cooperation by 1.17 (95% CI -1.318 to -1.020, adjusted P less then .001). A greater effect of television distraction on reduced anxiety and increased cooperation was observed during administration of the anesthetic injection. No effect of television
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In the mammalian visual system, early stages of visual form perception begin with orientation selective neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). In many species (including humans, monkeys, tree shrews, cats, and ferrets), these neurons are organized in pinwheel-like orientation columns. To study the functional organization within orientation pinwheels, it is important to target pinwhe
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Multidrug resistance, especially carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter bacteria is a global healthcare concern. However, available data on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Acinetobacter isolates from West Africa, including Ghana is scanty. Our aim was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile and genotypic characteristics of Acinetobacter isolates from Ghana and to characterize carbapene
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These attributes were similar to those of the native meniscus. Collectively, the 3D cell-printing technology and me-dECM bioink facilitate the recapitulation of meniscus tissue specificity in the aspect of the shape and microenvironment for meniscus regeneration. Further, the developed constructs can potentially be applied in clinical practice.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is
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05), indicating endothelial dysfunction. DVA did not detect any difference of retinal arterial (p=.68) or retinal venous (p=.93) vasodilation between both groups. The CRAE (p=.55) and CRVE (p=.83) did not differ significantly in either group.
Forearm blood flow and DVA cannot be regarded as equivalent methods for testing of microvascular function. Possible explan
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Finally, circRNA targeted miRNAs were predicted and a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed for hsa_circRNA_404686.Our results showed that several circRNAs, such as hsa_circRNA_404686, may serve as promising diagnostic marker for PTMC (L) in female.
This study aims to appraise the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the management of patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in
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RT qPCR was used to assess the expression of markers related to muscle proteinsynthesis and breakdown.
No impact of habituation was observed on skeletal muscle amino acid or protein kinetics. However, the shunting of amino acids directly from artery to vein was on average 2.9 [Formula see text]mol/min higher following habituation to HP compared to RP.
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Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine is associated with neurostructural changes, including alterations in white matter microstructure. This study investigated the effects of methamphetamine exposure on microstructure of global white matter networks in neonates. Pregnant women were interviewed beginning in mid-pregnancy regarding their methamphetamine use. Diffusion weighted imaging sets were acquire
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The aim of our study was to analyse the short-term prognostic value of different biomarkers in patients with COVID-19.
We included patients admitted to emergency department with COVID-19 and available concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Patients were classified for each biomarker into two groups (low vs. hig
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Glia cells provide supportive functions to the central nervous system and can be compromised by environmental contaminants. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the effects of in vitro exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid, a persistent environmental contaminant and/or monocrotophos (MCP), a neurotoxic organophosphate that is rapidly metabolized, to astroglia SVG p12 cells. The endpoints evaluated i
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The Covid-19 pandemic forced providers to alter their delivery of care to special populations, including older adults with cognitive impairment. The Montefiore-Einstein Center for the Aging Brain, a specialty multidisciplinary center for the evaluation and management of patients with neurodegenerative disorders, developed a coordinated approach (Coordinated Care At Risk/Remote Elderly program [CCARRE]) to reach our di
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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit antiapoptotic and proangiogenic functions in models of myocardial infarction which may be mediated by secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). However, MSCs have frequently been harvested from aged or diseased patients, while the isolated sEVs often contain high levels of impurities. Here, we studied the cardioprotecti
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NnAGPL2a and NnAGPS1a were co-expressed with a number of starch and sucrose metabolism pathway related genes, and their expressions were accompanied by increased AGPase activity and starch content in lotus seed.
Seven AGPase genes were characterized in lotus, with NnAGPL2a and NnAGPS1a, as the key genes involved in starch biosynthesis in lotus seed. These results conside
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Participants had little difficulty interpreting the cards and rated the information content as adequate. Importantly, a majority of participants indicated that they would keep using the tool during their stay at the hospital. Overall, the evaluation implied high acceptance and usability. The final card set is a promising communication tool in clinical paediatric settings with various language barriers. Furth
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Pastures are the most widespread land use, globally. The Winchmore trials were established in 1948-1949 in Canterbury, New Zealand and examined either different rates of phosphorus (P) fertiliser on the same irrigation schedule (Fertiliser trial), or different irrigation scheduling at the same rate of P application (Irrigation trial). About 96,000 records of soil chemistry and physi
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In pediatric asthma, family empowerment education has been beneficial for the quality of life, pulmonary function, and family functioning. Few studies addressed the impact of a family empowerment program on asthma symptom control, acute healthcare use (AHCU), and medication use in children with asthma. This study aimed to assess the effect of a family empowerment intervention on asthma symptom control, AHCU, inhal
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Identify risk factors that could increase progression to severe disease and mortality in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients in the Southeast region of the United States.
Multicenter, retrospective cohort including 502 adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and May 8, 2020 within 1 of 15 participating hospitals in 5 health systems across 5 states in the Southe
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9, indicating that the combustion of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was the main source. Moreover, a risk assessment was performed to evaluate where the cancer risks (CR) for benzene and ethylbenzene exceeded the critical values (10-6). KH was found to be the most harmful heater for residents, followed by DH and GH. For non-carcinogenic compounds, hazard quotients (HQ) were found to be less than one and thus unlik
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56% in the 3-min group and 61.11% in the 5-min group. The median overall dysphagia-free period was 2.60 (range, 0.80-12.00) months in the 1-min group, 6.60 (range, 1.80-12.00) months in the 3-min group and 6.25 (range, 2.40-12.00) months in the 5-min group (P < 0.05). For patients who developed stricture recurrence, the mean dysphagia-free perio
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The terrorist attacks that occurred in France in 2015 and 2016, which had many victims, proved that it is essential to identify victims following the methodology developed by International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) for such events. Initially designed for natural disasters, this approach must be strictly respected should a terrorist attack occur. This includes the specific collection of bodies
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Most cases (84%) were infected with strains attributed to a poultry source, while 14% were attributed to a cattle source. Approximately 90% of urban campylobacteriosis cases were attributed to poultry sources, compared to almost 75% of rural cases. Poultry consumption per se was not identified as a significant risk factor. However specific risk factors related to poultry meat preparation a
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Insecticide treatments in aircraft (termed ‘aircraft disinsection’) aim to support the containment of potentially disease-carrying vector insects. The introduction of non-endemic mosquito species is of concern as some mosquitoes can act as vectors of many serious human diseases. Expansion of vectors to previously non-endemic regions, extended flight networks and mosquito resistance to insecticides pose challenges to contempo
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. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of vitreous beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) on 967 forensic cases over a two-year period was conducted. Cases were sorted into six categories of death (i) sudden traumatic/non-natural (ST), (ii) sudden natural (SN), (iii) prolonge
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To determine the vaccination refusal rate, associated factors and perceptions of parents who refused routine immunization for their children using the World Health Organization (WHO) SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy Survey Tool.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted using multi-stage cluster sampling in Bannu District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan from March
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네이버 블로그, 지식인, 카페를 보유한 네이버는 한국에서 가장 큰 플랫폼 중 하나입니다. 네이버 계정을 사용하여 기업은 이 활기찬 커뮤니티에 연락하여 제품과 서비스를 홍보할 수 있습니다.</p
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Statistical analysis of obtained data showed that STAT3 decoy ODNs significantly decreased the cell viability, arrested the growth at G0/G1 phase, increased apoptosis rate, and reduced migrated and invaded cells through transwell membrane, in XI, MTX, and XI/MTX exposed groups. Since STAT3 is a master transcription factor in breast cancer cells stemness, aggressiveness, TNBC’s heterogeneity, and therapy resistan
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Haemodynamic dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex during decision-making processes is associated with major
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