Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
291,020 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Aim Understanding a drug dissolution process from solid dispersions (SD) to develop formulations with predictable in vivo performance. Materials & methods Dissolution data of fenbendazole released from the SDs and the control physical mixtures were analyzed using the Lumped mathematical model to estimate the parameters of pharmaceutical relevance. Results The fit data obtained by Lumped model showed that all SDs ha
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A total of 1217 patients with nonvalvular AF from two institutions were retrospectively evaluated. Each
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7 ± 7.2, DIM 0.9 ± 0.7, P = 0.15). LQTS patients with a QTc ≥ 480 ms (n=120) had a significantly higher QTc-PRS (89.3 ± 6.7) than patients with a QTc less then 480 ms (n=303, 87.6 ± 7.4, DIM 1.7 ± 0.8, P less then 0.05). There was no difference in QTc-PRS or QTc between genotypes. Conclusions – The QTc-PRS explained less then 2% of the QTc variability in our LQT1-3 cohort, contributing 5 times less to their
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Radiotherapy has a high cure rate for early nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). However, the radiation resistance of poorly differentiated NPC cells impacts the effectiveness of treatment of early-stage NPC patients. Here, we explored the relationship between Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac1) expression and NPC radiosensitivity. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that upregulation of R
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The properties of knots are exploited in a range of applications, from shoelaces to the knots used for climbing, fishing and sailing1. Although knots are found in DNA and proteins2, and form randomly in other long polymer chains3,4, methods for tying5 different sorts of knots in a synthetic nanoscale strand are lacking. Molecular knots of high symmetry have previously been synthesized by using non-covalent interact
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Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most malignant tumor in the female reproductive system. About 75% of OC in complete remission of clinical symptoms still develop a recurrence. Therefore, searching for new treatment methods plays an important role in improving the prognosis of OC.
We downloaded the MAF files, RNA-seq data and clinical information from the TCGA database. The “maftools” p
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The eyeless axolotl mutation is a null allele in the rax homeobox gene, with primary defects in neural ectoderm, including the retinal and hypothalamic primordia.
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To translate and culturally adapt the numerical rating scale (NRS) for neck pain intensity and the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and asses their measurement properties in a Nepalese neck pain population.
Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in Nep
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The properties of knots are exploited in a range of applications, from shoelaces to the knots used for climbing, fishing and sailing1. Although knots are found in DNA and proteins2, and form randomly in other long polymer chains3,4, methods for tying5 different sorts of knots in a synthetic nanoscale strand are lacking. Molecular knots of high symmetry have previously been synthesized by using non-covalent interact
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The recruitment of monocytes to the brain plays an important role in the development of depression. However, the association between plasma biomarkers of monocyte trafficking and depression is unclear. This study is aimed to examine the effects of plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion
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In addition, miR-126-5p directly regulated CREB1 expression via binding to its 3′ non-coding region. Finally, miR-126-5p inhibitor-mediated apoptosis inhibition was restrained by CREB1 silencing via inactivation of PI3K-AKT pathway in HESCs. Taken together, our study firstly demonstrates that MALAT1 regulates apoptosis of HESCs through miR-126-5p/CREB1 axis mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. Our findings explained the pathogenes
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Vector-borne diseases in the United States have recently increased as a result of the changing nature of vectors, hosts, reservoirs, parasite/pathogens, and the ecological and environmental conditions. While most focus has been on mosquito-borne pathogens affecting humans, little is known regarding parasites of companion animal, livestock and wildlife and their potential mosquito hosts in the United States. This stu
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