Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
304,749 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
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Our work suggests that ribavirin has advantage than many anti-cancer agents by targeting both tumor cells and angiogenesis. Our work also highlights the therapeutic potential of ribavirin for the treatment of lung cancer.Immunodeficient rats are valuable in transplantation studies, but are vulnerable to infection from opportunistic organisms such as fungi. Immunodeficient Rag1- and Il2rg-deficient (RRG) rats hou
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贈り物は、相手への思いやりを形にする大切な手段です。その中でも、カスタムギフトは特に注目されています。特別な人のために考えられたオリジナルの贈り物は、単なる物ではなく、心のこもったメッセージを伝えるものとなります。カスタマイズされたアイテムは、受け取る人にとって特別な意味を持ち、思い出に残るプレゼントとなるでしょう。
例えば、ハワイアンシャツやカスタムスリッパのようなアイテムは、見た目にも楽しく、日常生活で使うこ
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Physicians who were surveyed in this study expressed high levels of dissatisfaction the cu
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This review will describe the pathogenesis of CHI, outlining the more common genetic mutations and associated syndromes. We will also discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of CHI while providing insight into the overall prognosis.With over 400 reported disorders, the skeletal dysplasias represent a myriad of molecularly-based skeletal abnormalities. Arising from errors in skeletal development, the c
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The results offer a way to reconcile this long-standing debate towards a mid-sixteenth century BCE date.Although metabolic intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) gives important value on treatment responses and prognoses, its association with treatment outcomes have not been reported in gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to evaluate temporal changes in metabolic ITH and the associations with treatment responses, progression-free surv
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Given that there are still some debates on the influence of carbon modification on zerovalent iron (ZVI) decontamination process, the roles of carbon on trichloroethylene (TCE) reduction by ZVI were re-investigated in this work. Compared to activated carbons (AC) with high adsorption ability, carbon fibers (CF) with good electronic conductivity performed much better in enhancing ZVI performance in terms of both reactivit
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We construct a family of beryllium (Be) multiphase equation of state (EOS) models that consists of a baseline (“optimal”) EOS and variations on the baseline to account for physics-based uncertainties. The Be baseline EOS is constructed to reproduce a set of self-consistent data and theory including known phase boundaries, the principal Hugoniot, isobars, and isotherms from diamond-anvil cell experiments. Three phases are cons
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Oxidative stress has been long considered an important cause of male infertility, and sperm-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been considered one of the major sources. In article number 1900205, Issue 2, Netherton et al. have improved upon current technologies for detection of true ROS-derived oxidative events from those originated by mitochondrial compounds. Moreover, the authors have isolated pro
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Transdifferentiation is a type of cellular reprogramming involving the conversion of one differentiated cell type to another. This remarkable phenomenon holds enormous promise for the field of regenerative medicine. Over the last 20 years techniques used to reprogram cells to alternative identities have advanced dramatically. Cellular identity is determined by the transcriptional profile which
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In this 10-year single surgeon series, subtotal tonsillectomy or ‘tonsillotomy’ was associated with a significant reduction in both prevalence and severity of bleeding, in addition to a more rapid return to normal activities when compared to total tonsillectomy.
Identify if publication of the 2010 drug safety communication (DSC) regarding benzonatate was associated with a decrease i
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は、贈る相手への特別な気持ちを伝える素晴らしい方法です。自分だけのアイデアやデザインを取り入れたギフトは、受け取った人にとって一生の思い出となります。特に、ハワイアンシャツやカスタムスリッパなど、その人の趣味やスタイルに合わせて作ることができるアイテムは、心のこもった贈り物として喜ばれます。パーソナライズされたギフトは、その人のために特別に用意されたと思わせることができるので、感動を与えることができます。
この記事では、カスタムギフトの選び方や作り方のヒントをお伝えします。また、ハワイアンシャツやカスタムスリッパを用いたギフトのアイデアも紹介していくので、ぜひ参考にしてください。どんなシーンでどのように贈るのがベストなのか、一緒に考えていきましょう。心を込めたギフトで
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Comprehensive information on the characteristics of surgical heart valves (SHVs) is essential for optimal valve selection. Such information is also important in assessing SHV function after valve replacement. Despite the existing regulatory framework for SHV sizing and labelling, this information is challenging to obtain in a uniform manner for various SHVs. To ensure that clinicians are adequately
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Log-rank testing showed a significantly longer RFS for the patients treated with anti-PD-1 [15.3 months; interquartile range (IQR), 8.2-23.2 months; p = 0.04] or BRAF/MEKi (17.9 months; IQR, 12.5-23 months; p = 0.01) than for those treated with surgery alone (11.9 months; IQR, 7.0-17.6 months). In the anti-PD-1 group, AEs occurred less frequently than in the BRAF/MEKi group (54% vs 80%; p = 0.03). Conclusions Ad
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After identifying the confounding variables, multivariate approaches were used to adjust for the confounding variables. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the demographics and disease-related factors such as age, gender, body mass index, anatomic distribution, and T stage of the primary disease, between the 2 groups. The operation time and bleeding volume were reduced by 32.4 and 33.1%, respectively, in th
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AVPR1A throughout the neonatal periphery suggest roles for AVP in modulating peripheral physiology and development of the neonate.The attachment of unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) to RNA molecules prior to PCR amplification and sequencing, makes it possible to amplify libraries to a level that is sufficient to identify rare molecules, whilst simultaneously eliminating PCR bias through the identification of duplicat
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Electroporation of RNP based on either Cas9 or Cas12a was efficient at targeted editing of all the tested lines (typically > 90% cells edited), and the choice of enzyme expands the number of potential target sites for editing within the genomes of these species. These optimised protocols will facilitate functional genetic studies in salmonid cell lines, which are widely used as model systems for infectious disease
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CPA significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and liver biomarkers. Otherwise, hepatic catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiol content (tSH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were considerably lower than the control group. Results showed that WC has the ability to reduce the changes (MDA, PCO, FRAP, CAT, ALT and AST) an
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