Like I’ve mentioned in a few of my previous posts, this pandemic has brought on a lot of changes for everyone– but there is variation in how COVID-19 has impacted different groups of people. The experience of racial and ethnic minorities during this pandemic has been very different from other groups and is reflective of health outcomes that often exist for minorities in the U.S.
COVID-19
In New York City, the death rates for Black/African American individuals is much higher due to the virus, than it is for other racial/ethnic groups (1). The chart below shows the disproportionality of the effects of COVID on the population of African American individuals in a few states. 
Compared to the total state population, the majority of patients affected by COVID are African American (2).
These disparities exist not only during this pandemic, but in healthcare in general:
Reasons for the Disparity
People who belong to racial or ethnic minority groups experience the health care system differently than others– many of the existing disparities in society lead to poorer health outcomes, as well as greater vulnerability to viruses and other illnesses. Many minority groups live in heavily populated areas or live in households with multiple generations, where social distancing might not be possible (1). Many work hourly, so health benefits are not part of the package and health services become difficult to access (2). There is also a much higher population of racial and ethnic minorities in jails, prisons, etc. which are again, places that increase the risk of spread of viruses and other illnesses (1).
Also, because of the social distancing measures that have to be taken because of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in quality of care for patients who don’t speak English (4). Before, interpreters/translators could be present in person during a patient’s visit, which makes it much easier to translate and understand the patient’s concerns and symptoms. Now, a lot of interpreters have to work over the phone and it’s possible that a lot of information is getting lost in translation because it’s just harder to have a conversation and understand each other that way.
While the pandemic has affected everyone in one way or another, it has not affected everyone equally. The social determinants of health that I talked about in my first blog, in addition to factors such as racism, geographic location, and poverty, play a large part in deciding how an individual is affected. Unfortunately, the same level and quality of healthcare are not available to every person. Moving towards a system that addresses these disparities and provides excellent health care to each patient will involve first resolving the inequalities that exist in health care delivery in general and access to healthier food, exercise, etc. Additionally, training healthcare providers to better understand cultural differences and barriers to care could improve health outcomes for minority groups (3).
386,109 thoughts on “Impact of COVID on Racial & Ethnic Minorities”
K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 9 in vivo
Using several potential predictors for permanent CH, we developed a relatively powerful risk prediction model as a cost-saving screening tool in order to avoid unnecessary long-term treatment of transient cases which might empower clinicians for prognostication of the CH course and tailoring treatment up to 1 year of age.
Using several potential predictors for permane
NobleKusk0078
Aticaprant mouse
It was taken as typical steelmaking fluorine-containing slag systems with the remelting electroslag, continuous casting mould flux and refining slag. The volatilization behaviour of each slag system was analysed by thermogravimetric (TG) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. The results showed that the remelting electroslag volatilized significantly above 1300°C and the volatiles were mainly CaF2, MgF2 with a sm
LehmanGoldstein1824
Chaetocin molecular weight
05, the ISLSOF did not differ significantly at any particular age group but only overall mean of all the three age groups (n=15) presented the difference significantly. The MICW showed significant difference (p less then 0.05) at two age groups; young and the middle-age. The LICL and ITLW values are highly significant (p less then 0.01) and the HBC value was also significant (p less then 0.05) all at th
McClureWalter1982
selleck compound
In recent times, live algae culture, whole algae, and lipid-extracted algae (LEA) have been tested in fish feed for growth, physiological activity, and nutritional value. The present review discusses the potential application of microalgae in aquaculture feed, its mode of application, nutritional value, and possible replacement of conventional feed ingredients, and disadvantages of plant-based feed. The review also
ZachoOutzen4729
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Average facial soft-tissue thickness (FSTT) databanks are continuously developed and applied within craniofacial identification. This study considered and tested a subject-specific regression model alternative for estimating the FSTT values for oral midline landmarks using skeletal projection measurements. Measurements were taken from cone-beam computed tomography scans of 100 South African individuals (60 male, 40 femal
HardisonAbdi1799
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Though long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are highly effective, have minimal side effects, require minimal follow-up, and are low cost, only 10% of contraceptives used in Ethiopia are LARCs. The reason for this low uptake is not understood at the country or regional level. Therefore, this study identified determinants of LARC utilization in Northwest Ethiopia.
A fa
AcevedoDwyer7001
GSK-3 inhibitor review
Healthcare workers (HCW) treating COVID-19 patients are at high risk for infection and may also spread infection through their contact with vulnerable patients. Smell loss has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is unknown whether monitoring for smell loss can be used to identify asymptomatic infection among high risk individuals. In this study we sought to determine if tracking smell sensitivity and loss
McCartneyMueller6519
PCO371
Annexin V/PI assay showed that the apoptotic cells were 0.75, 5.8, 12.4 and 22.66% at 0,7,14 and 28 µM concentrations of Withaferin-A. Withaferin-A also caused increase in the ROS and decrease in the MMP levels of the SCC-4 cells. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of LC3B II increased while of p62 decreased remarkably upon treatment with Withaferin-A, suggestive of autophagic cell death. Cell cycle analysis by
AlfordBoel9842
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Background Although nonmass enhancement (NME) extension to the nipple at preoperative MRI frequently leads to sacrifice of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC), its correlation with pathologically confirmed NAC involvement is unclear. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of using NME extension to the subareolar region at breast MRI to predict pathologic nipple involvement and the eligibility for nipple-sparin
YoungBasse4287
Stattic
Laser-assisted electron scattering (LAES), a light-matter interaction process that facilitates energy transfer between strong light fields and free electrons, has so far been observed only in gas phase. Here we report on the observation of LAES at condensed phase particle densities, for which we create nano-structured systems consisting of a single atom or molecule surrounded by a superfluid He shell of variable thickness (
DorseyGeisler6669
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The MET receptor tyrosine kinase and the ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) have been implicated as oncogenes and drivers of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Newer MET TKIs including capmatinib and tepotinib more recently showed not only improved localized control and response, but early data suggests intracranial activity as compared to first-generation MET TKIs, both
EganBerg6558
selleckchem
Creatine provides cells with high-energy phosphates for the rapid reconstitution of hydrolyzed adenosine triphosphate. The eponymous creatine transporter (CRT1/SLC6A8) belongs to a family of solute carrier 6 (SLC6) proteins. The key role of CRT1 is to translocate creatine across tissue barriers and into target cells, such as neurons and myocytes. Individuals harboring mutations in the coding sequence of the
BlakeJohannessen9137
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In this article, size-dependent vibrations and the stability of moving viscoelastic axially functionally graded (AFG) nanobeams were investigated numerically and analytically, aiming at the stability enhancement of translating nanosystems. Additionally, a parametric investigation is presented to elucidate the influence of various key factors such as axial gradation of the material, viscosity coefficient, and
EpsteinOgle6656
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Most studies investigated the value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of renal tubular injury only at a single time point. We investigated the possible utilization of NGAL level dynamics for the identification of different renal injury patterns in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.
Blood samples for plasma NGAL in 132
LadefogedBryant5930
selleck inhibitor
Lymph nodes with CD-like pathologic changes from 2 patients showed increased maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) of 18F-deoxyglucose (18FDG) on PET/CT, while lymph nodes with reactive pathologic changes from 2 other patients showed a normal metabolic PET/CT profile. The extent of lymph node enlargement in patients with POEMS was less than that in patients with CD per se. We draw the conclusion that most of the enlarged lymph nodes
HartSkinner5124
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STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Dental enamel is the most durable mineralized tissue in the human body, which, in spite to be exposed to extreme conditions like mastication and acidic dissolution, is able to fulfill its biological function during lifetime. In this study we show that minor component magnesium can affect hardness properties of human primary dental enamel. Then, through Mg incorporation experiments we provid
CurrieVilladsen3240
Selleck Protokylol
The study objective was to assess potential correlates of sun protection behaviors among melanoma survivors.
Participants were 441 melanoma survivors recruited from three health centers and a state cancer registry in the United States. Sun protection behaviors (sunscreen, shade, protective shirts, and hats) were assessed through an online survey, as were p
LykkeThurston7656
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the L. vannamei and V. parahaemolyticus interactions and may deliver the basis for further research in preventing the bacterial diseases.BACKGROUND Evidence supporting corticosteroids adjunctive treatment (CAT) for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV patients is highly controversial. We aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a met
TorpMunro6514
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Currently, when determining treatment regimens, there is an emphasis on the quality of life (QOL), in addition to treatment efficacy. Especially in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer with distant metastases, unless death is imminent, a common first-line treatment is endocrine therapy, which has fewer side effects. In the present study, the differences in QOL were evaluated based on the age and prognostic indicat
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Students and staff showed a higher percentage of agreement in favor of online examination allowing immediate feedback.
Conventional teaching was perceived as more effective, accessible, less technical difficulties and less fraud and cheating. Online learning, should be allowed in undergraduate medical education, by combining it with conventional learning, and students should be
FlowersDowling7878
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Conclusions The evaluation of a large patient cohort provided a better understanding of the present epidemiology of CA in an outpatient hospital setting in Germany. An effective three-scale therapeutic regime and preventive measures were outlined. © 2020 The Author(s).The microstructures of the activated carbon black microparticles (ACBMPs) generated through both treatments of 20 min ultrasonic and 400 °
BisgaardBunn4334
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Identification of a poorly positioned hip radiograph often requires a subjective assessment by the radiographer, which, due to the observer dependency of this method, may have conflicting opinions between radiographers. A quantitative approach may be a better personnel independent approach for assessing an optimally positioned hip radiograph. A Shenton line length femur neck length ra
CobleHauge3956
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This study provides a graphical solution for the management of process scale-up and scale-down between both types of product containers depending on their respective KV and product resistance to mass transfer.Toxic and environmental harmful organic solvents are widely applied to prepare poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles (NP) in standard preparation methods. Alternative non-toxic solvents suffer f
DolanAdams2581
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e by professionals in educational, policy-making, and therapeutic contexts.
Close friends and community norms can play an important role in shaping substance usage among young adults, especially among gay men and lesbians. The results of the current study highlight the need for developing prevention and harm reduction drug policies for Israeli young adults, especially for gay men
LoweryEnevoldsen6935
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Meta-analyses disclosed a mean difference of newly formed bone of 6.4% (confidence interval = 0 to 12.9) and non-mineralised tissue of -1.1% (confidence interval = -2.7 to 0.5), indicating more newly formed bone and diminished non-mineralised with barrier membrane coverage. Conclusions There seem to be no statistically significant differences in implant treatment outcomes after maxillary sinus floor augment
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Data on drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and acute liver failure (ALF) in modern phase 1 oncology trials are limited, specifically with respect to the incidence and resolution of DILI and the safety of drug rechallenge.
This study reviewed all patients who were recruited to phase 1 oncology trials between 2013 and 2017 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Clinicopat
UnderwoodBennetsen2498
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In today’s electronic landscape, attracting attention from the competitors needs even more than just wonderful service or products. It demands an eager understanding of search engine optimization, or search engine optimization, which has actually ended up being a crucial device for anybody looking to enhance their on the internet existence. With billions of searches occurring on a daily basis, mastering the art of search engine optimization
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The panel of intestinal species associated with healthy dietary habits overlapped with those associated with favorable cardiometabolic and postprandial markers, indicating that our large-scale resource can potentially stratify the gut microbiome into generalizable health levels in individuals without clinically manifest disease.We integrated ubiquity, mass and lifespan of all major cell types to achieve a compreh
ThyboHardin3255
MST-312
Detecting adenomyosis in the myometrium is a challenge since it is infiltrative with ill-defined margins and can be often confused with uterine fibroids. However, recent advances, such as ultrasound elastography, have enabled its detection in the myometrium, thereby facilitating its accurate diagnosis. We report our experience of performing complete laparoscopic resection of adenomyosis under real-time ultrasound elastograp
BarrWilder5721
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In this pooled analysis, outcomes in patients on DOAC were comparable to VKA. The hypothesis generated could suggest DOAC could be used interchangeably with VKA in patients with LV thrombus. Randomized trials are needed for generalization of results.
In this pooled analysis, outcomes in patients on DOAC were comparable to VKA. The hypothesis generated could suggest DOAC could be used interchangeably
GoldmanOvesen7252
Crenolanib
Emphysematous osteomyelitis is a rare entity with potentially devastating consequences, even after prompt and aggressive intervention. It is characterized by intraosseous gas and may be complicated by adjacent abscess formation. There are a handful of previously reported cases of emphysematous osteomyelitis, but none to the degree as reported here. Specifically, we report an extremely rare case of extensive
BuckleyMcNamara4832
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Little is known of the patterns of expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 or the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with COVID-19 and colorectal cancer. We found in both bulk and single-cell RNA-seq profiles that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed at high levels on tumor and normal colorectal epithelial tissues. Clinically, patients with colorectal cancer and COVID-19 were more lik
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Strict environmental laws have been put in place around the world to reduce the amount of sulfur in the fuel to reduce the emissions of harmful gases from fuel combustion and improve air quality. Therefore, extensive researches have been undertaken to devise effective processes or to improve the desulfurization processes. Among the desulfurization processes, the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process is a promising
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Wood stoves have an elegant modern style that matches the wide range of home designs. They’re a powerful heating source that can provide radiant warmth throughout the room.
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WaddellSvane0482
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To keep high grain yield in low N deficiency, we should choose the genotype with higher N allocation within bioenergetics and lower degradation of photosynthetic enzymes. This review provides a generalized N allocation in response to N stress and gives a new prospect for breeding N-efficient genotypes.Tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is known to accumulate high concentrations of fluoride (F) in its leaves; howe
PrestonStraarup7911
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In this review, we discuss the cellular sources of EV, provide a concise overview of their potential use in diverse processes, and outline several promising applications for the use of EV based therapeutics for liver diseases. The use of EV based therapeutics provides a novel and viable approach to target hepatic pathophysiology.Hazardous oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) origi
ValentinTennant0554
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In this study, the effects of Astragalus membranaceus oral solution on lifespan and learning and memory abilities of honey bees were evaluated. Two groups of bees were fed with sucrose syrup (50%) containing low dose (1.33%) and high dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus oral solution, respectively. The proboscis extension response (PER) analysis was applied to examine the
LuMunn4064
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5-125 μM, UA 50-500 μM) and a low detection limit (DA 0.37 μM, UA 0.15 μM). More importantly, the simultaneous sensing for the co-existence of DA and UA was successfully achieved via the as-prepared sensor.Many believe the current Canadian Dairy supply management system is outdated. Examining a recent consumer survey suggests consumers, especially among the younger generations, have mixed feelings about how the Canadi
HermansenBlair7083
GDC-0084
In this review, we summarize the physiological characteristics of canine oviduct-derived exosomes and their potential effects on cumulus cells development as well as oocyte in vitro maturation via molecular signaling pathways.This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel dentifrice containing stabilized chlorine dioxide, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (sarkosyl), and sodium fluoride in enhancing enamel fluoride u
McfarlandBrinch6944
17-DMAG
Genital psoriasis (GenPs) has been traditionally considered a difficult to treat psoriasis area. Ixekizumab was the first biologic agent demonstrating efficacy and safety in a formal clinical trial on GenPs; however, real-life experiences are limited. To assess real-life effectiveness and safety of ixekizumab in the treatment of GenPs in a case series of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
HaleyColey9799
VS-4718 in vivo
DNA metabolism genes also included those functioning in checkpoint recovery and replication fork maintenance, emphasizing the potency of the mycotoxin to trigger replication stress. Among genes involved in postreplication repair, we observed that CSM2, a member of the CSM2(SHU) complex, functioned in AFB1-associated sister chromatid recombination while suppressing AFB1-associated mutations. These studies th
KrogsgaardChristie3525
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The degree of astrogliosis correlated negatively with the number of normal mitochondria in astrocytic endfoot processes. Moreover, we found significantly increased number of pathological mitochondria in pre- and postsynaptic neuronal terminals, as well as significantly shortened distance between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum contacts. Finally, the length of postsynaptic density, a marker of synaptic streng
BarefootPayne0207
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Cry78Ba1 is Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales Bacillaceae) (Bt) protein found with high insecticidal activity against the piercing-sucking insect Laodelphax striatellus Fallén (Homoptera Delphacidae) and has broad application prospects for control of the rice planthopper. As honey bees may be exposed to Bt Cry78Ba1 rice pollen by feeding, we evaluated the risk of Bt Cry78Ba1 toxin to Apis
BowdenGross0107
EIDD-1931 clinical trial
3%) versus term infants (2.7%). The association of mortality with PTX was greatest at GA of 29-32 weeks (OR = 8.55; 95% confidence interval 6.56-11.13). Infants who survived until discharge had a median of 2-12 days longer LOS depending on GA category.
The prevalence of PTX peaks in infants less than 24 weeks, however, its impact on mortality is greatest at 29-32 w
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The treatments also reduced scleral hypoxia, as indicated by the decrease in hypoxic signals. Furthermore, actively increasing ChBP with prazosin inhibited the progression of myopia, as well as the increase in axial length and scleral hypoxia.
Our data strongly indicate that increased ChBP attenuates scleral hypoxia, and thereby inhibits the development of myopia. Thus ChBP may be a p
CrockettMcDonough3969
Z-YVAD-FMK cell line
Around 1.7 million children are estimated to live with HIV-1 worldwide, and about 160,000 infants are newly infected every year. Since adaptive immunity takes time to mature and develop in infants, and maternal antibodies provide limited antiviral activity, innate and intrinsic immunity against HIV-1 in the young is of critical importance. Intrinsic restriction factors are cellular proteins that effectively
TierneyElmore0386
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Preoperative CS was related to the preoperative sum of the BCVA (standardized partial regression coefficient (β) = - 0.254, P < 0.001). Improvement in the CS was related to a preoperative poor BCVA (β = 0.203, P < 0.001), low CS (β = - 0.693, P < 0.001), and high general health score (β = 0.118, P = 0.025).
VR-QOL improved after the first and second eye surgery.
SmithMcDermott9785
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This paper proposes a novel incremental training mode to address the problem of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based path planning for a mobile robot. Firstly, we evaluate the related graphic search algorithms and Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms in a lightweight 2D environment. Then, we design the algorithm based on DRL, including observation states, reward function, network structure as well as pa
TurnerEmborg6275
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001). The erosive challenge has increased HC2 in SBU_60 and C (
< 0.001), and did not promote a significant difference in SBU_80 and SBU. The SEM / EDX analyzes showed an irregular and semi-permeable barrier on the surfaces of the treated dentin.
The association of universal adhesive with NdYAG can be an effective alternative for the occlusion
VittrupKokholm1810
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The findings and recommendations are discussed. PRACTITIONER POINTS Fostering a positive attitude towards social isolation in clients reduces psychological distress, fosters engagement in positive coping behaviours. Enhancing clients’ level of social support received will serve to increase positive coping and indirectly reduce psychological distress during social isolation. Strategies to reduce clients’ COVID-19 worries are important a
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